GB2536003A

GB2536003A - Ticketing system & Method

Info

Publication number: GB2536003A
Application number: GB1503489.5A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Chauhan Amar
Original assignee: APOLLO PASS Ltd
Current assignee: APOLLO PASS Ltd
Priority date: 2015-03-02
Filing date: 2015-03-02
Publication date: 2016-09-07
Also published as: GB201503489D0

Abstract

A ticketing system (1) includes: an online user interface (3) enabling each user to set up a user account, and purchase electronic tickets for events. Each user is provided with a reusable code in machine readable form, wherein the reusable code is retained by the user for use at events, such as concerts, theatre and sporting events, for the purposes of access control and electronic payments. A database (113A,113B) stores some user account data, including electronic ticket data for the event. An access control system (9) controls user access to a venue, and includes a reading device (35,37,39) for reading codes and identifying the user account associated with the code read by the reading device (35,37,39) to determine from the database (113A,113B) if the user account includes a valid electronic ticket for the event. An electronic payment system (29) is also provided for making electronic payments at the event, said electronic payment system including a reading device (43) for reading codes and determining if the user has a sufficient balance of monetary credit to complete a transaction. The code may be included in a reusable pass with first and second RFID devices.

Description

Ticketing system & Method The present invention relates to a ticketing system and a method for issuing tickets for events, controlling entry to the events and processing transactions at the events.

There are many challenges associated with hosting events, such as music conceits, theatre shows, and sporting events, where large numbers of people attend. This includes properly controlling the issuance of tickets; ticket touts; counterfeit tickets; transport to and from the event venue, controlling access to the venue in a safe and efficient manner; managing the movement of persons within the venue, and the health and safety implications that can arise; and the provision of goods and services at the event, such as selling food and merchandise.

The type of tickets used for the event can strongly influence the extent to which the tickets are counterfeited. Large scale counterfeiting, not only has a significant commercial impact on the event, it also poses health and safety risks, for example if a significantly larger number of people try to access the event than the venue can safely hold. Ticket counterfeiting is often linked to serious organised crime, such as the importation and production of drugs, smuggling of firearms and money laundering (Operation Podium Report, 2013). Therefore there is a need for a ticket system, which makes use of tickets that are difficult to counterfeit, and that includes an access control system that better controls the number of persons admitted to the event venue.

For large scale events, where many people attend, there is also a need to admit people quickly into the venue to prevent large queues from forming, while undertaking the proper checks to ensure that each person requesting admittance has a genuine ticket for the event.

Ticket touts undermine consumer confidence in the event organisers since tickets are usually bought from them at greatly inflated prices. A study in 2010 by Prof A. Krueger of Princeton University found that on average 1 in 4 consumers attending a major event are forced to purchase tickets from a tout due to primary agents and touts diverting tickets straight into the secondary market. This causes significant consumer dissatisfaction. Therefore a ticketing system, which reduces the influence of ticket touts, is highly desirable.

When managing an event it is often difficult to predict how people are going to behave at the event. For example, it is difficult to predict how people will move around the event, what attractions will receive the most footfall, and where bottle necks will occur. Accordingly it is difficult for event organisers to determine where best to deploy staff and resources, where to locate medical practitioners, and how to organise the layout of the event. Furthermore, real-time problems can occur as people move around the venue, such as high concentrations of people occurring in a relatively small area, which can lead to crushing.

Another problem that can occur at events is the loss or theft of money, particularly at large scale events such as music festivals where people camp overnight. This often dissuades people from taking large sums of money with them, which can reduce the quantity of merchandise and consumables, such as food and drink, sold at the event. Accordingly, it is desirable to have some form of cashless payment system at the event. However, one drawback is that attendees are also concerned about losing their debit / credit card, and the possible fraudulent use of the lost card.

Accordingly the present invention seeks to provide a ticketing system and method that mitigates at least one of the aforementioned problems, or at least provides an alternative to existing systems.

According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a ticketing system, including: an online user interface enabling each user to set up a user account, and purchase electronic tickets for events; providing each user with at least one reusable code in machine readable form, wherein the at least one reusable code is retained by the user for use at events for the purposes of access control and electronic payments; at least one database storing at least some user account data, including electronic ticket data for the event; an access control system for controlling user access to a venue, said access control system including at least one reading device for reading codes and identifying the user account associated with the code read by the reading device, to determine from the database if the user account includes a valid electronic ticket for the event, and signal the result of the determination; and an electronic payment system for making electronic payments at the event, said electronic payment system including at least one reading device for reading codes and determining if the user has a sufficient balance of monetary credit to complete a transaction, and signal the result of the determination.

The or each reusable code is personal to the user. Since the or each code is personal to the user, the user can use the same code(s) for access control and electronic payments at multiple events. Thus having attended a first event, the or each code is retained by the user for use at each subsequent event attended.

Since the or each reusable code is associated with a specific user account, it significantly reduces the possibility for ticket touting. Another significant advantage of the system is that the electronic ticket for each event is not provided to the user, but rather is stored in the account database. Thus details of the ticket itself, for example a unique ticket code, cannot be obtained from the code(s) provided to the user. This makes it difficult to counterfeit the ticket.

Advantageous optional features of preferred embodiments are set out in the dependent claims and the statements of invention below.

Each electronic ticket is a single use ticket. When the ticket has been used, the system records its use, and/or deletes the electronic ticket from the user account.

Each user account stored in the database may include at least one of the following: a value representing a balance of monetary credit for an electronic payment system; data identifying the user; and an image of the user.

Advantageously the or each reusable code is provided to the user by means of a reusable event pass. Each user is provided with a reusable event pass having his/her respective code(s) stored in or on the reusable pass in a machine readable format. Since the tickets are stored in the database in electronic form, even if a counterfeiter obtains a user's reusable pass, he will not be able to tell from the reusable pass which tickets have been purchased.

The or each reusable code is unique to the reusable event pass.

In some embodiments a reusable code is provided to each user for the dual purposes of access control and electronic payments. That is, the same code is used for both functions. In some embodiments a plurality of codes is provided to each user, each code having a separate function. For example, a first reusable code for access control and a second reusable code for electronic payments.

Advantageously each reusable event pass includes first and second RFID devices, and the or each reusable code is stored in at least one of the first and second RED devices.

Because the card has first and second RFID devices, it is difficult and costly to reproduce, which will deter many counterfeiters.

Advantageously the or each access control reading device comprises an RED reading device.

Advantageously the or each electronic payment system reading device comprises an RFID reading device.

Advantageously at least one of the first and second RFID devices is an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID device, and preferably one of the first and second RFID devices is a UHF RFID device.

Advantageously at least one of the first and second RFID devices is one of a High 15 Frequency (HE) or a Low Frequency (LF) RFID device, and preferably one of the first and second RFID devices is a HF or a LF RFID device.

Advantageously at least one of the first and second RFID devices is used for access control. In preferred embodiments both the first and second RFID devices are used for access control. For example, the HE or LF RED device can provide short range (typically up to 10cm) detection. A user gains access by bringing the card in close proximity with the reading device, for example by tapping the pass onto the reading device. The UHF device can provide long range (typically up to 15m) detection, which allows users to walk by the detection device and have their cards read.

Advantageously at least one of the first and second RFID devices is used for electronic payments, and preferably the HE or LF RED device is used for electronic payments. Thus a single reusable event pass can be used for both access control and electronic payments at an event.

Advantageously die system includes security means arranged to apply a security process to the reusable codes to generate, for each code, a respective transformed code. The code provided to the user is the respective transformed code. The transformed code is stored in die reusable pass. The or each transformed code is used for the purposes of access control and/or electronic payments, and the reading devices are arranged to read transformed codes.

The security process includes at least one of a non-reversible function and a two-way function. For example, the security function can include at least one of a hash function and an encryption algorithm.

Advantageously each access control reading device includes memory. The database of user account data is stored in the memory of each reading device. The reading device uses the database stored in its memory to identify the user account associated with the code read by the reading device, and determines if the user account has a valid electronic ticket for the event from that database.

The system includes synchronisation means arranged to synchronise user account data stored in the access control reading devices. This ensures that an electronic ticket cannot be used twice for the event, for example by presenting the reusable pass at two venue access stations. The reading devices are synchronised via a local network.

Advantageously at least some of the access control reading devices comprise read-write devices, and are arranged to write data to the reusable pass. The read-write devices are arranged to read the written data. In response to a ticket being used to gain access to the event, the read-write device is arranged to write data onto the reusable pass, which indicates that the ticket has been used. For example, the read-write device can record the time and date that the ticket was used. This indicates that the electronic ticket is no longer valid thereby ensuring that the ticket cannot be used more than once to gain entry to an event. This is particularly useful in circumstances where it is not possible to synchronise the user account data stored in the reading devices for example if there is no local network, or if the network is temporarily in accessible.

Advantageously the access control system includes at least one device for signalling the result of the determination. For example, the access control system can include at least one of: a visual display device arranged to display the determination visually; and a speaker arranged to signal the determination audibly. The visual display may also show ticket information and a facial image of the user who owns the account. In preferred embodiments, at least one of the reading devices includes at least one of a visual display device arranged to display the determination visually; and a speaker arranged to signal the determination audibly.

Advantageously the access control system includes at least one security barrier unit having a security barrier and at least one of the access control reading devices, and the access control system is arranged to automatically open the security kurier in response to the reading device reading a code which is associated with a user account having a valid electronic ticket for the event.

Advantageously each user account stored in the database includes a value of monetary credit, the or each electronic payment reading device is arranged to identify the user account associated with the code read by the reading device, and to determine from the database if the user account includes a sufficient balance of monetary credit to complete the transaction. The online user interface enables each user to submit monetary credit to his/her account.

Advantageously each reusable pass stores a value of monetary credit, the or each electronic payment reading device is arranged to read the monetary credit value stored on the reusable pass and to determine from that value if the user has a sufficient balance of monetary credit to complete the transaction.

Advantageously at least some of the electronic payment reading devices comprise read-write devices and are arranged to write data to the reusable pass. The or each electronic payment read-write device is arranged to record on the reusable pass a value of monetary credit. For example, the or each electronic payment read-write device is arranged to record on the reusable pass a value of monetary credit remaining after a transaction has been completed.

Monetary credits can be applied to die user accounts via a suitable interface. For example, staff in an event box office can assist the user to credit funds to the user's account.

Advantageously the ticketing system includes a tracking system for tracking movement of the reusable event passes around an event venue. Tracking data is recorded in memory means for analysis. In preferred embodiments the tracking system includes a network of RFID reading devices distributed about a venue, which are arranged to read at least one code stored in the pass. This enables the movement of each pass-carrying user to be tracked. Typically this is a proximity type detection, which provides an approximate position for each user. The network of reading devices includes at least one UHF reading device, and preferably a plurality of UHF reading devices. The range of the reading devices can be set in order to provide a reasonable compromise between the number of reading devices required and the location resolution. Where a pass is detected by a plurality of reading devices simultaneously, the data can be combined, for example by triangulation, in order to improve the position accuracy. In preferred embodiments the time of detection is also recorded.

Advantageously the reading devices include RFID antennas and/or RFID mats.

Advantageously the ticketing system includes at least one remote server for hosting the user account database.

Advantageously the ticketing system includes at least one local server for the event.

The local server includes a local copy of at least part of the user account database. At least one of the access control system, the tracking system and the electronic payment system is arranged to read data from, and/or write data to, the local copy of the user account database. Preferably the electronic payment reading devices access account data stored on the local server to identify the user account associated with the code read by the reading device and to determine if the account identified has sufficient monetary credit is available to complete a transaction.

The access control system is arranged to update the local user account database stored on the local server with data stored in the or each reading device memory means. This ensures a complete access record is maintained.

At least one, and typically each, of the access control system, the tracking system and the electronic payment system is connected to the local server via a local network, such as a local wireless network.

Advantageously the user interface includes a web portal. Users are able to access the user interface via an intemet connection, for example via a web browser or a portable device application. When setting up the user account, the user typically provides at least some of the following details: name; address; telephone number; age; graphics file containing a facial image of the user; and payment details such as a credit card, debit card or online payment service.

Advantageously the reusable event pass is in the form of a smartcard. The electronic payment system may include a security protocol requiring the user to insert a PIN to authorise transactions. This is an optional feature for each user.

In preferred embodiments the reusable event pass includes a facial image of the user formed thereon. Typically the image is printed onto the pass. The image enables an operator representative located at a venue entry station to perform a visual inspection to determine if the person purporting to be the user is in fact the user. This significantly reduces ticket touting.

Advantageously a graphics file including an image of the user is stored in the user account. The user interface enables the user to upload the graphics file.

The access control system visual display device(s), can be arranged to display at least some of the user account details, such as the user's name and the user image. This helps to ensure that the person trying to gain access is authorised to do so.

Advantageously the system includes image recognition software arranged to test the suitability of the image submitted by the user for application to the reusable pass for visual comparison purposes, before saving the graphics file to the user account.

Advantageously the reusable pass includes indicia indicating the user's age. The indicia can be, for example, alpha-numeric characters which indicate the user's actual age, or can be a symbol or logo, which indicates that the user is older than a predetermined threshold value, such as over 18.

Advantageously the reusable pass includes at least one anti-counterfeiting measure, such as a curved corner.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method for issuing tickets for events, controlling entry to the events and processing transactions at the events, including: providing an online user interface enabling each user to set up a user account, and purchase electronic tickets for events; providing each user with at least one reusable code in machine readable form, wherein the at least one reusable code is retained by the user for use at events for the purposes of access control and electronic payments; and for an event: providing at least one database storing at least some of the user account data, including electronic tickets for the event; providing an access control system for controlling user access to an event venue, said access control system including at least one reading device, reading a code with the reading device, accessing the user account database to identify the user account associated with the code read by the reading device, determining from the database if the user account includes a valid electronic ticket for the event, and signalling the result of the determination; and providing an electronic payment system for making electronic payments at the event, said electronic payment system including at least one reading device, reading a code using the reading device, and determining if the user has a sufficient balance of monetary credit to complete a transaction, and signalling the result of the determination.

Advantageously the access control system includes at least one security barrier, such as a gate or turnstile. The method includes automatically opening the security barrier in response to one of the access control system reading devices reading a code, which is associated with a user account having a valid electronic ticket for the event.

The method includes signalling the result of the determination visually and/or audibly. The method includes providing the code to the user by means of a reusable event pass.

The reusable event pass includes first and second RFID devices, and the or each reusable code is stored in at least one of the first and second RFID devices. The or each access control reading device comprises an RFID reading device. The or each electronic payment system reading device comprises an RFID reading device.

The method includes tracking the movement of the reusable event passes, and hence the users carrying the event passes, around the event venue.

The method includes recording tracking data for analysis, and preferably recording the time a position measurement was recorded.

The method includes using a network of RFID reading devices to track the movement of the reusable event passes, and hence the users.

The method includes providing a facial image of the user on the reusable event pass.

The method includes, at a venue entry station, an operator representative visually inspecting the image on the pass and comparing the image on the pass with the person requesting entry to the event.

The method includes the user uploading a graphics file including an image of the user; and storing the graphics file with the user account.

The method includes checking the uploaded image using image recognition software to test the suitability of the image for visual comparison purposes.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a ticketing system, including: at least one database storing at least some user account data, including electronic ticket data for an event; providing each user with at least one reusable code in machine readable form, wherein the at least one reusable code is retained by the user for use at events for the purposes of access control and electronic payments; an access control system for controlling user access to a venue, said access control system including at least one reading device for reading codes and identifying the user account associated with the code read by the reading device, to determine from the database if the user account includes a valid electronic ticket for the event, and signal the result of the determination; and an electronic payment system for making electronic payments at the event, said electronic payment system including at least one reading device for reading codes and determining if die user has a sufficient balance of monetary credit to complete a transaction, and signal the result of the determination.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a ticketing system, including: an online user interface enabling each user to set up a user account, request a reusable event pass, and purchase electronic tickets for events; at least one database including user account data, including the electronic tickets for the event; providing each user with a reusable event pass, wherein each reusable event pass includes a first RFID device, a second RF1D device and at least one code stored in at least one of the first and second RFID devices; an access control system for controlling user access to an event, said access control system including at least one RFID reading device for reading the code stored on the reusable event pass and to identify the user account associated with the code read by the RFID reading device, detemiine from the database if the user account includes a valid electronic ticket, and signal the result of the determination.

Advantageously at least some of the user accounts include a value representing a balance of monetary credit for an electronic payment system, and the ticketing system includes an electronic payment system for making electronic payments at the event. The electronic payment system includes at least one RED reading device for reading the code in the reusable event pass and identifying the user account associated with the code read by the RFID reading device, to determine if the user account has a sufficient balance of monetary credit to complete a transaction, and to signal the result of the determination.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method for issuing tickets for events and controlling entry to the events, including: providing an online user interface, enabling each user to set up a user account, request a reusable event pass, and purchase electronic tickets for events; providing a reusable event pass to each user, wherein each reusable event pass includes a first RF1D device, a second RFLD device and at least one code stored in at least one of the first and second RFID devices; providing at least one database storing user account data, including electronic tickets for the event; providing an access control system for controlling user access to the event, said access control system including at least one RFID reading device for reading the code stored on the reusable event pass and identifying the user account associated with the code read by the RFID reading device, to determine from the database if the user account includes a valid electronic ticket for the event, and signal the result of the determination.

According to another aspect of the invention there is provided a ticketing system for controlling access to events, said system including: at least one database storing at least some user account data, including electronic ticket data for the event; providing each user with a reusable event pass, wherein each reusable event pass includes a first RFID device, a second RFID device and at least one code stored in at least one of the first and second RF1D devices; and an access control system including at leas( one RFLD reading device for reading the code stored on the reusable event pass and identifying the user account associated with the code read by the RFID reading device, to determine from the database if the user account includes a valid electronic ticket for the event, and signal the result of the determination.

An embodiment of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a ticketing system in accordance with the invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of part of the ticketing system of Figure 1, which is used at an event; Figure 3 is a flow diagram of a method for obtaining a smartcard event pass; Figure 4 is a flow diagram for a method for a user accessing an event using a smartcard event pass, a prepaid electronic event ticket, and an access control system; Figure 5 is a flow diagram of a method for cashless payments using the smartcard event pass; Figure 6 is a flow diagram of a method for accessing the event via a box office purchase; and Figure 7 is a flow diagram for a method of selling pre-purchased electronic event tickets.

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a ticketing system 1 in accordance with the invention. The ticketing system 1 includes a user interface 3; reusable event passes 5; a user account database 13; and an access control system 9.

User Account The user interface 3 enables each user to set up a user account. The user interface 3 is typically accessible via the internet, for example may comprise a web portal hosted on a server 11 that is accessible using a web browser or mobile device application. The user interface 3 enables each user to set up a user account, by submitting at least some of the following personal details: name; contact details such as, postal address, email address, telephone number, fax number, etc; payment means, such as details of a credit can!, debit card or online payment service; and a facial image of the user. Optionally, each user may verify his/her age during the registration process.

Typically, each account is password protected.

Each user account is allocated a user identification code, which uniquely identifies the user account. The user accounts are stored in an account database 13, which is typically held on the server II in a data centre that is remote from the events.

In some implementations the remote server 11 comprises one or more cloud servers, which are capable of providing a variable capacity, which enables additional resources to he made available when heavy intemet traffic is expected. Therefore the web portal 3 continues to 20 run smoothly even when high demand events go on sale.

An operator interface 4 is also provided, which enables the operator to interact with the user accounts.

Reusable pass For each user account, and hence each user, a reusable pass 5 is issued. The reusable pass 5 is in the form of a smartcard and includes a first RFID device 15, a second REID device 17, and at least one code that uniquely identifies the pass 5.

The first RFID device 15 is typically an Ultra-High Frequency (UHF), long range device, which includes a chip having memory and antenna. This device 15 has a typical range of up to 15m. The second RFID device 17 is typically a High Frequency (HF) or Low Frequency (LF) device, short range device, which includes a chip having memory and antenna. This device 17 has a typical range of up to 10cm.

Each event pass is allocated a code (hereinafter the pass code), which uniquely identifies the event pass, for example an event pass serial number. The pass code is transformed for security reasons, and the transformed version of the pass code is stored in at least one of the RFID devices 15,17, and preferably in each of the devices. Each transformed pass code uniquely identifies the pass. For example, the pass code can be transformed by a one-way (non-reversible) function, such as a hash function, and/or can be encrypted using a two-way (reversible) function. The transformed pass codes are non-sequential and therefore even if a pass 5 is available to a counterfeiter, the counterfeiter would not be able to guess valid transformed pass codes to produce a large number of counterfeit passes.

At least one of the pass code and the transformed pass code is associated with that user's user account, either directly or indirectly. This enables the user account, and hence user, to be identified during an access control or electronic payment process.

The reusable pass 5 is sent to the user, typically by post, and the user keeps the reusable pass 5 for accessing events and making electronic payments at the events. Upon receipt, the user is required to activate the pass 5 by completing an online activation process via the user interface 3. If the user verified his/her age during the registration process, indicia 8 indicating the user's age, or that the user is older than a particular age, e.g. over 18 years old, are applied to the reusable pass. Additionally, or alternatively, the user's age can be stored electronically in the database 13 and/or the RFID devices 15,17. This enables users to access age restricted events, and purchase age restricted goods or services at events, without requiring additional identification.

Optionally each reusable pass 5 can include a facial image 6 of the user printed thereon. This enables a visual comparison to be made between the registered user and the person purporting to be the registered user when accessing an event and/or making a purchase at an event. This helps to ensure that the person trying to gain access to an event and/or make an electronic purchase at die event is the registered user of the reusable pass 5. Typically, the visual image is uploaded by the user via the user interface 3. The visual image is associated with the user account and is stored in the account database 13. Preferably the system includes facial recognition software, which is used to analyse the image supplied to ensure that it is sufficiently clear for identification purposes, for example when visually inspected at an event. The image provided may also be checked by a person.

Optionally, each reusable pass 5 can include at least one anti-forgery device and/or feature. For example, the reusable pass 5 can include at least one curved corner.

Purchasing an event ticket An event is accessible by the user purchasing an electronic event ticket via the user interface 3. The electronic event ticket is stored in die account database 13 in a manner that associates it with that user's user account. The user is able to purchase a plurality of different electronic event tickets. For example, a first electronic ticket can be purchased for a first event, a second electronic ticket can be purchased for a second event, a third electronic ticket can be purchased for a third event, and so on. Each electronic ticket purchased by, or for, the user is stored in the account database 13 in a manner that associates it with that user's user account.

The web portal 3 is set up so that a user may purchase tickets for him/herself and such that other persons are able to purchase tickets for the user.

The electronic tickets are not downloaded onto the reusable pass 5. They are stored in the account database(s) only. This makes it significantly more difficult to forge tickets and reduces ticket touting.

A method 200 for purchasing the electronic ticket is shown in Figure 3. The user accesses the user interface 210 and adds tickets to a shopping cart 220. If the user is already registered 230, they are required to login 240 and complete the purchase 250. Each ticket purchased is added to the user account 260. If the user is not registered, then he/she undertakes a registration process 270, which includes uploading a facial image 272, using facial recognition software to approve the image 274, manufacturing the pass 276 and sending the pass to the user 278.

Optionally, the method can include requesting details from each user regarding the means by which they intend to travel to the event. This data can be collated and provided to travel companies, security/stewarding companies and the police to ensure that sufficient transport units are available for the event, and that for example roads and parking facilities are properly stewarded Thus a single event pass 5 can be used to access multiple events. While the system is mainly intended for accessing occasional events such as music concerts, theatre shows, etc; the system can also be used to access regular events.

Event equipment For an event, at least some of following equipment is typically provided: at least one local server 19; an access control system 9 which includes at least one fully automated access control station 21 and/or at least one operator controlled access control station 23; a local box office system 25; a user tracking system 27; an electronic payment system 29 (often referred to as a cashless payment system); a local data communication network 31, which is typically a wireless network (see Figure 2); and optionally a data link 34, such as an internet connection, connecting the local server 19 with the remote server 11.

The local server(s) 19 includes a copy 113A of at least a part of the account database (hereinafter the local user account database 113A). Typically each user account includes: the valid ticket for the event; a code which the access control system 9 and cashless payment system 29 use to identify the account; an image of the user; personal data such as name, address and age; and a value representing monetary credit. Other user account data can be uploaded as appropriate for the event. The code which the access control system 9 and cashless payment system 29 use to identify the relevant account, is not necessarily the same as the code read by the reading device, but can be derived from the code read.

During an event, at least onc of the access control system 9 and the cashless payment system 29 has read/write access to the local user account database 113A, via the wireless network 31.

After an event, the main user account database 13 is updated with data from the local user account database 113A. 01 course, at events where there is a data link 34 between the local and remote servers 19,11, the main user account database 13 can be updated during the event.

Access control Each fully automated access control station 21 typically includes a security barrier 33, such as a turnstile or gate, and an RFID reading device 35, which is arranged to read the codes stored in at least one of the first and second RFID devices 15,17.

Each operator controlled access station 23 includes a manually operable RFID reading device 37, which is arranged to read the code stored in at least one of the first and second RFID devices 15,17. At some events, the access control system 9 includes at least one RFID floor mat reading device 39, which is typically arranged to read the code from the first (UHF -long range) RFID device 15. Typically, this type of readin2 device is used at a fully automated access control station 21. Of course stewards may also be present at the automatic access control stations 21.

At least some, and preferably each, of the REID reading devices 35,37,39 includes a microprocessor and non-volatile memory. At least some user account data 113B is stored in the memory. It is preferred to store a limited data set in the reading devices 35,37,39 in case a reading device is lost or stolen. For example, it is preferred to store only a subset of the user account data for each user account required. This typically includes the valid ticket for the event, the code which the reading device 35,37,39 uses to identify the account during a reading process, and an image of the user. Other user account data can be uploaded if appropriate for the event.

At least sonic, and preferably each, of the RFID reading devices 35,37,39 includes at least one of a visual display device and a speaker.

To gain access to the event, the user proceeds to an access control station 21,23 with his/her reusable pass 5. The RFID reading device 35,37,39 at the station reads the code stored in the first and/or second RFID device 15,17 and identifies the associated user account. Preferably this is achieved by deriving the code stored in memory from the code read by the reading device 35,37,39. It then determines from the account data 113B if that user has a valid electronic ticket for the event. The result of the determination is signalled by a visual and/or audible alert via the display device and/or speaker. If a valid ticket is found, access is allowed, for example the security barrier 19 automatically opens, or the operator grants access. The reading device 35,37,39 records in its memory that the ticket has been used and/or deletes the ticket from the account. In preferred embodiments, the access control system 9 records the date and time of entry.

If no valid ticket is found, access is denied.

The user account data stored in the reading devices 35,37,39 is synchronised to prevent the ticket from being used a second time to gain access to the event. The reading devices 35,37,39 synchronise their data via the local network 31.

Each REID reading device 35,37,39 communicates with the local server 19 via the local network 31. Each RFID reading device 35,37,39 is arranged to read data from and/or write data to the local user account database 113A on the local server 19, via the local network 31. The access control system 9 updates the local user account database 113A via the network 31 to maintain a central record of access requests.

At each access station 21,23 where an operator representative is present, a visual comparison between the image 6 on the reusable pass 5 and the user is undertaken as a further check to ensure that the person seeking entry to the event is the owner of the reusable pass 5.

Optionally, the visual display device can be arranged to display details from the user account, such as the name of the user, age, the facial image of the user, etc. This provides an additional security check that the person requesting access to the event is the owner of the electronic ticket.

A typical access method 300 for an operator controlled access station 23 is shown in Figure 4. A user presents his pass to the operator 310. The operator uses a reading device to read the pass 320. And the access control system determines 330 if entry should be allowed. The operator performs an additional check 340 by checking the photograph on the pass 5, to ensure there is a likeness with the user. If there is a sufficient likeness, the user is allowed access 350, and the database is synchronised across all access control stations 360.

Having gained access to the event, the user retains the reusable pass 5 in order to use the additional functions described below while at the event, and to gain access to future events.

At step 330, if the access control system denies entry, the user is referred to the box office 370 (see Figure 6). At step 340, if there is not a sufficient likeness, the operator checks 345 to see if the user can recite other account details, such as name, address, etc, and if so allows the user in, if not the user is referred to the box office (See Figure 6).

Figure 6 shows typical steps 400 used to try and resolve access control issues. The user proceeds to the box office 410 and provides his/her pass to an operative 420. The operative undertakes a visual inspection of the pass 430. If the photograph matches the user 440, a review of the account details is undertaken to detelinine why access was denied. From this, the operative determines 450 if the user should be allowed access to the event. If so, the account is un-flagged 460 and the user re-joins the queue. If not, access is denied 470.

At step 430, if the image of the user is not like the person standing before the operative, the operative checks 480 if the user can recite details of the account, e.g. name, address, etc, and determines if access should be allowed or denied.

Tracking system The tracking system 27 typically includes a plurality of antennas 41 and/or RF1D floor mat reading devices 39 distributed around the event venue. The tracking system 27 is arranged to track the user by tracking the position of the reusable pass 5, which is carried by the user. In preferred embodiments, the tracking system 27 is arranged to detect the presence of the first (UHF) RFID device 15 as the user moves around the venue, thereby giving an approximate position of the user at the venue. In preferred embodiments, the tracking system 27 records the time and position of the user. Typically, the position is recorded on a periodic basis. The position data is recorded in the server 19 and is analysed via analytical software 44 for health and safety, and commercial purposes. The data can be analysed during the event to monitor footfall, and determine approximate numbers of people in different parts of the venue. For example, if it is found that a large number of people are located in a particular part of the site, unexpectedly, additional stewards can be moved to that area to ensure crowd safety. The data can also be analysed after the event to determine if any lessons can be learnt for the organisation of future events.

Optionally, for events where children are admitted, a wristband, which includes a UHF RFID device, can be given to each child. The wristband is registered to the child's details, including contact details for the parent(s). The data is stored in the database 113A,113B. If a child goes missing at the event, an alert can be issued to notify security staff when the missing child's RFID wristband is detected. This limits the search area for the child, and speeds up finding children. Having antennas 41 and/or RFID floor mat reading devices 39 adjacent exits can determine if a child is approaching an exit, and at risk of leaving the site.

Cashless payments The reusable pass 5 is also used for cashless payments. The user credits money to his/her user account, for example via the user interface 3, and then uses the pass 5 to pay for goods and/or services via the cashless payment system 29. Users can also load money onto their pass 5 at the event's box office 25 using cash or a bank card.

The cashless payment system 29 includes several RFID reading devices 43, typically at least one per vendor, distributed about the venue. When purchasing products or services, the user touches the reusable pass 5 on to one of the card reading devices 43 (or brings it within reading range), and the reading device 43 reads the code stored on the pass, typically from the second (HF or LF) RFID device 17. The cashless payment system 29 communicates with the local user account database 113A and is arranged to identify the user account associated with the code read by the RFID reading device 43. Preferably this is achieved by deriving the code stored in the user account from the code read by the reading device 43. Having identified the correct user account, the cashless payment system 29 determines if sufficient funds are credited to the user account in order to purchase the goods or service. If sufficient funds are available in the user account, the transaction is completed by deducting the cost of the goods or service from the available balance in the database 113A, and optionally issuing a receipt. If insufficient funds are available in the user account the transaction is denied. This is signalled by at least one of a visual alert on a reading device display, an audible alert via a speaker and issuance of non-compliance transaction receipt.

The cashless payment system 29 communicates with the local user account database 113A via the wireless network 31. The balance of monetary credit in the user's account is updated with a new balance after the transaction is completed, that is, the transaction value is deducted from the balance to give a new balance.

Optionally, the user can set a personal identification number (PIN) for the reusable pass 5.

If a PIN is used. the PIN has to be entered by the user each time a transaction is requested. Without the PIN, it is not possible to make purchases.

A record of each transaction is stored on the local server 19. The user is able to obtain a statement of transactions during or after the event.

The advantage of this type of system is that it enables event organisers to gather a significant amount of data regarding user purchases during an event.

A typical cashless payment method 500 is shown in Figure 5. To purchase goods or services, the user visits die vendor with his/her pass 510. The user selects items/services for purchase 520. The vendor enters payment details into the payment terminal 530. The user presents his/her pass for scanning 540. The terminal checks 550 the database 113A to determine if there are sufficient funds in the user account to complete the transaction. If sufficient funds are available, the vendor confirms the sale 560. The vendor then asks the user to input the PIN 570 to complete the transaction. An email is sent to the user with details of the transaction 580.

Optionally at step 520, the method can include checking the age of the user. The vender does this by accessing the local user account database 113A and/or checking the indicia 8 marked on the reusable pass 5.

Following the event, the user can claim a refund on any remaining funds they have in their account.

Local box office The local box office system 25 enables electronic tickets to be purchased on the day of the event, for example via an operator web portal 4. For example, the local box office system can issue one day passes for gaining access to the event. It also enables operators to assist users to credit money to their accounts.

Other features The user interface 3 can include a market place for buying and selling unwanted electronic tickets. This significantly reduces ticket touting. This is illustrated in Figure 7. The method includes setting up a reserve list 610 and pairing 620 available tickets with users in the reserve list. The waiting list for an event is usually only established if all of the tickets for the event are sold out.

Advantages of the ticketing system The system provides a reusable pass 5 to each user that is used to access multiple events.

Since only a single physical pass is provided to each user, there is only a one off postage charge to receive the pass.

Since the event tickets are held electronically in the user account database, which is controlled by the operator, and not on the pass itself, it is difficult for counterfeiters to make duplicate tickets. Even if a pass is stolen because the pass code is transformed by encryption and/or a hash function it would be very difficult to produce a series of counterfeit passes. Also, the pass 5 can include one or more visible anti-forgery features making it extremely difficult and costly to counterfeit.

The pass 5 is personalised to every user by including an image of the user on the pass.

Since the image is checked on entry to the venue, the pass cannot be touted. Eliminating touting means that more tickets are available for fans at the face value of the ticket.

The access control system used in the invention reduces queuing times, reduces congestion at the gates, enables fake tickets to be quickly and easily identified, and therefore helps to ensure that the venue capacity is not exceeded. Since the access control system records when each user arrives, it is possible to provide useful data to the event organiser including: the number of persons admitted and the arrival distribution; thereby identifying peak times, and demographics of ticket holders.

Currently transport systems may buckle under the pressure of large scale events as they are unable to approximate how many people will be travelling to the event using public transport. Since the user is requested to provide travel intentions when purchasing the ticket, it is possible to provide this data to the event organiser, travel companies and the police to ensure that sufficient amounts of the appropriate types of transport, such as trains, buses, and taxis, and sufficient parking, is provided for the event.

The analytics system is able to track users around the site and provide real-time data to event organisers. This can lead to a reduction in security costs (the largest cost event organisers incur) and improve health and safety at large events.

Cashless payments are provided using the reusable pass 5. This is very convenient for users since it is only necessary to carry the pass 5 around the venue. Since cashless payment system works on the basis of a prepaid credit balance, even if the pass is lost or stolen, the potential loss to the user is strictly limited to the account balance. Also, the user is able to cancel the lost pass. This would prevent the lost pass from being used for access and electronic payments thereby safeguarding any monies credited to the user account.

Since tickets are electronic, the option for refunds and transfers is possible without any financial implications. The customer can request a refund where applicable or can transfer the ticket to another pass holder. A secure and anonymous marketplace is also provided where tickets can be sold at face-value or less.

Tickets can never be lost again as they are stored electronically in the database. If a user loses his/her pass, the user simply orders a new one or collects a replacement from a box office at the event.

Although the present invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Furthermore, it will be apparent to the skilled person that modifications can be made to the above embodiment that fall within the scope of the invention.

For example, the access control reading devices can be arranged to write data to the reusable pass memory 15,17 (so called read-write devices). After a ticket has been used to gain access to the event, the read-write device writes data to the memory 15,17 which indicates that the event ticket has been used. For example, it may record the time and date of entry. This prevents the pass 5 from being used to gain entry to the event for a second time at another entry point.

The reusable pass memory 15,17 can include a value for monetary credit and the electronic payment reading devices 43 are arranged to read the value from the reusable pass 5. The reading device 43 is preferably a read-write device that is arranged to write data to the reusable pass memory 15,17. The read-write device is arranged to update the value of monetary credit stored on the usable pass, for example after a transaction has been completed a new value of monetary credit is stored in the reusable pass memory 15,17.

Units can be provided to enable users to load monetary credits onto their reusable passes 5.

The above variations are particularly useful for circumstances where an event does not include a local network 31, or the network 31 fails temporarily, since the access control read-write devices 35.37,39 would not be able to synchronise with each other, and the electronic payment reading read write devices 43 would not able to access the user account database 113A stored on the local server 19 to check monetary credit values.

While it is preferred to store the transformed pass code in the reusable pass for security reasons, this is not strictly necessary. The pass code in its simple form, or some other code that identifies the user account, can be used.

In some embodiments a single code can be used for access control and cashless payments.

In other embodiments the reusable pass 5 can include a plurality of codes for use with the access control system 9 and/or the cashless payment system 29. For example, separate codes can be used for each function; a first code can be used for access control and a second code can be used for cashless payments.

A first code can be stored in the first RFID device 15. A second code can be stored in the second RFID device 17. The first code can be different from the second code.

hi some embodiments a plurality of codes can be stored in the first RFID device 15. In some embodiments a plurality of codes can be stored in the second RFID device 15.

Claims

Claims I. A ticketing system, including: a. an online user interface enabling each user to i. set up a user account, and ii. purchase electronic tickets for events; b. providing each user with at least one reusable code, in machine readable form, wherein the at least one reusable code is retained by the user for use at events for the purposes of access control and electronic payments; c. at least one database storing at least some user account data, including electronic ticket data for the event; d. an access control system for controlling user access to a venue, said access control system including at least one reading device for reading codes and identifying the user account associated with the code read by the reading device, to determine from the database if the user account includes a valid electronic ticket for the event, and signal the result of the determination; and e. an electronic payment system for making electronic payments at the event, said electronic payment system including at least one reading device for reading codes and determining if the user has a sufficient balance of monetary credit to complete a transaction and signal the result of the determination.
2. A system according to claim I wherein the or each reusable code is included in a reusable event pass.
3. A system according to claim 2, wherein the or each reusable code is unique to the reusable event pass.
4. A system according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the reusable event pass includes firs( and second RFID devices, and the or each reusable code is stored in at least one of the firs( and second RFID devices; and wherein the or each access control reading device comprises an RFID reading device; and the or each electronic payment system reading device comprises an RFID reading device.
5. A system according to claim 4, wherein at least one of the first and second RFID devices is a UHF RFID device.
6. A system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein at least one of the first and second RFID devices is one of a HF or a LF RFID device.
7. A system according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein at least one of the first and second RFID devices is used for access control, and preferably each of the first and second RFID devices is used for access control.
8 A system according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein at least one of the first and second RFID devices is used for electronic payments, and preferably the HE or LE RFID device is used for electronic payments.
9. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, including security means arranged to apply a security process to the reusable codes to generate, for each code, a respective transformed code; and the code provided to the user is the respective transformed code.
10. A system according to claim 9, wherein the security process includes at least one of a non-reversible function and a two-way function.
11. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each access control reading device includes memory. the database of user account data is stored in the memory, and the reading device accesses the database stored in its memory to identify the user account associated with the read code, and determine if the user account has a valid electronic ticket.
12. A system according to claim 11, including synchronisation means arranged to synchronise user account data stored in the reading devices.
13. A system according to any one of claims 2 to 12, wherein at least some of the access control reading devices comprise read-write devices, and are arranged to write data to the reusable pass.
14. A system according to claim 13, wherein, in response to a ticket being used to gain access to the event, the read-write device is arranged to write data onto the reusable pass. which indicates that the ticket has been used.
15. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the access control system includes at least one device for signalling the result of the determination.
16. A system according to claim 15, wherein the access control system includes at least one of: a visual display device arranged to display the determination visually; and a speaker arranged to signal the determination audibly.
17 A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the access control system includes at least one security barrier unit having a security barrier and at least one of the access control reading devices, and the access control system is arranged to automatically open the security barrier in response to the reading device reading a code, which is associated with a user account having a valid electronic ticket for the event.
18 A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each user account stored in the database includes a value of monetary credit, the or each electronic payment reading device is arranged to identify the user account associated with the code read by the reading device, and to determine from the database if the user account includes a sufficient balance of monetary credit to complete the transaction.
19. A system according to any one of claims 2 to 18, wherein each reusable pass stores a value of monetary credit, the or each electronic payment reading device is arranged to read the monetary credit value stored on the reusable pass and to determine from that value if the user has a sufficient balance of monetary credit to complete the transaction.
20. A system according to any one of claims 2 to 19, wherein at least some of the electronic payment reading devices comprise read-write devices and are arranged to write data to the reusable pass.
21. A system according to claim 20, wherein the or each electronic payment read-write device is arranged to record on the reusable pass a value of monetary credit.
22. A system according to claim 21, wherein the or each electronic payment read-write device is arranged to record on the reusable pass a value of monetary credit remaining after a transaction has been completed.
23. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least some of the users are provided with personal identification numbers (PINs) for use with the electronic payment system to authorise transactions.
24. A system according to any one of claims 2 to 23, including a tracking system for tracking movement of the reusable event passes around an event venue.
25. A system according to claim 24, including memory means for recording tracking data for analysis.
26. A system according to claim 24 or 25 when dependent on claim 4, including a network of RFID reading devices distributed about a venue, which are arranged to read the code stored in the pass.
27. A system according to claim 26, wherein the RFID reading devices include at least one UHF reading device, and preferably a plurality of UHF reading devices.
28. A system according to claim 26 or 27, wherein the reading devices include antennas and/or mats.
29. A system according to any one of claims 2 to 28, wherein the reusable event pass is in the form of a smartcard.
30. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, including a remote server for hosting a user account database.
31. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, including a local server for use at an event, the local server hosting a user account database, the arrangement being such that at least one of the access control system, the tracking system and the electronic payment system is arranged to read data from, and/or write data to, the local user account database during an event.
32. A system according to claim 31, wherein at least one of the access control system, the tracking system and the electronic payment system is connected to the local server via a local network, and preferably via a wireless local network.
33 A system according to claim 31 or 32, when dependent on claim 11, wherein including means for synchronising user data stored in the access control reading devices with user data stored on the local server.
34. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the user interface includes a web portal.
35. A system according to any one of claims 2 to 34, wherein the reusable event pass includes a facial image of the user formed thereon.
36. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a graphics file including an image of the user is associated with the user account and is stored in the user account database(s).
37. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the user interface enables the user to upload graphics files.
38. A system according to claim 35 or 36, including image recognition software arranged to test the suitability of the image uploaded for visual comparison purposes, before saving the graphics file to the user account.
39. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reusable pass includes at least one anti-counterfeiting measure, such as a curved corner.
40. A method for issuing tickets for events, controlling entry to the events and processing transactions at the events. including: a. providing an online user interface enabling each user to i. set up a user account, and ii. purchase electronic tickets for events; b. providing each user with at least one reusable code in machine readable form, wherein the at least one reusable code is retained by the user for use at events for the purposes of access control and electronic payments; and c. for an event: i. providing at least one database storing at least some of the user account data, including electronic tickets for the event; ii. providing an access control system for controlling user access to an event venue, said access control system including at least one reading device, reading a code with the reading device, accessing the user account database to identify the user account associated with the code read by the reading device, determining from the database if the user account includes a valid electronic ticket for the event, and signalling the result of the determination; and iii. providing an electronic payment system for making electronic payments at the event, said electronic payment system including at least one reading device, reading a code using the reading device, and determining if the user has a sufficient balance of monetary credit to complete a transaction, and signalling the result of the determination.
41. A method according to claim 40, including providing the or each reusable code to the user by means of a reusable event pass.
42. A method according to claim 41, wherein the reusable event pass includes first and second RFID devices, and the or each reusable code is stored in at least one of the first and second RFID devices; and wherein the or each access control reading device comprises an RFID reading device; and the or each electronic payment system reading device comprises an RFID reading device.
43. A method according to claim 41 or 42, including tracking the movement of the reusable event passes around the event venue.
44. A method according to claim 43, including recording tracking data for analysis, and preferably recording the time a position measurement was recorded.
45. A method according to claim 43 or 44 when dependent on claim 42, including using a network of REID reading devices to track the movement of the reusable event passes.
46. A method according to any one of claim 41 to 45, including providing a facial image of the user on the reusable event pass.
47. A method according to claim 46, including, at a venue entry station, comparing the image on the reusable pass with the person requesting entry to the event, and only allowing entry if there is a sufficient likeness between the image and the person.
48. A method according to claim 46 or 47, including the user uploading an image via the user interface for application to the reusable event pass, and checking the image provided using image recognition software to test the suitability of the image for visual comparison purposes at an event.
49. A ticketing system, including: a. at least one database storing at least some user account data, including electronic ticket data for an event; b. providing each user with at least one reusable code in machine readable form, wherein the at least one reusable code is retained by the user for use at events for the purposes of access control and electronic payments; c. an access control system for controlling user access to a venue, said access control system including at least one reading device for reading codes and identifying the user account associated with the code read by the reading device, to determine from the database if the user account includes a valid electronic ticket for the event, and signal the result of the determination; and d. an electronic payment system for making electronic payments at the event, said electronic payment system including at least one reading device for reading codes and determining if the user has a sufficient balance of monetary credit to complete a transaction, and signal the result of the determination.