GB2522612A - Fuel additive composition - Google Patents

Fuel additive composition Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2522612A
GB2522612A GB1322176.7A GB201322176A GB2522612A GB 2522612 A GB2522612 A GB 2522612A GB 201322176 A GB201322176 A GB 201322176A GB 2522612 A GB2522612 A GB 2522612A
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Prior art keywords
fuel
composition
combustion
composition according
glycerol
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GB201322176D0 (en
Inventor
Ehab Rida Mahmoud Habib
Taskin Ali Turgan
Bilal Karaca
Huri Besler
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AL HAJAM ESTABLISHMENT VOLUME TRADING
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AL HAJAM ESTABLISHMENT VOLUME TRADING
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Priority to GB1322176.7A priority Critical patent/GB2522612A/en
Publication of GB201322176D0 publication Critical patent/GB201322176D0/en
Priority to PCT/GB2014/053721 priority patent/WO2015092386A1/en
Publication of GB2522612A publication Critical patent/GB2522612A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/003—Additives for gaseous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/10—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by using additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/10—Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
    • C10L3/101—Removal of contaminants
    • C10L3/102—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants
    • C10L3/103—Sulfur containing contaminants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C10L1/125—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1233—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof
    • C10L1/1258—Inorganic compounds oxygen containing compounds, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, acids and salts thereof hydrogen peroxide, oxygenated water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/12—Inorganic compounds
    • C10L1/1291—Silicon and boron containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/1802—Organic compounds containing oxygen natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1826—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms poly-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
    • C10L2200/02—Inorganic or organic compounds containing atoms other than C, H or O, e.g. organic compounds containing heteroatoms or metal organic complexes
    • C10L2200/0204—Metals or alloys
    • C10L2200/0222—Group IV metals: Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn, Pb
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
    • C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency

Abstract

The present invention relates to a composition comprising glycerol or a glycerol derivative, one or more alcohols, titanium dioxide and water. The proportions may be (i) 5-30 wt % glycerol, (ii) 1-8 wt % titanium dioxide, (iii) 10-30 wt % ethanol, (iv) 10-30 wt % methanol and (v) 20-70 wt % water. The composition may be used as a fuel additive to reduce the amount of NOx and/or SOx and/or CO emitted during fuel combustion and/or to increase the productivity of the fuel combustion. The fuel is especially wood and charcoal. The present invention also relates to a method of preparing the composition and a method of using the composition as fuel additive during fuel combustion.

Description

Fuel Additive Composition
Field of the invention
The present invention re'ates to a composition comprising glycerol or a glycerol derivative, one or more alcohols, titanium dioxide and water. The composition may be used as a fue' additive to reduce the amount of NO and/or SO, and/or CO emitted during fuel combustion and/or to increase the productivity of the fuel combustion. The present invention also relates to a method of preparing the composition and a method io of using the composition as fuel additive during fuel combustion. The present invention further relates to a method of fuel combustion using the composition, a method of reducing the amount of NO and/or SG and/or CO emitted during fuel combustion and a method of increasing the productivity of fuel combustion.
i Background of the invention
The demands of an industrialized society and the consequent need to burn fuel for the generation of heat and energy tend to compromise air quality. Many of the existing energy sources, particularly fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal, release substantial amounts of poflutants, such as nitrogen oxides NO), suffur oxides (SO) and carbon monoxide (CO) upon combustion. These pollutants cause respiratory diseases and other human ailments. They also poison the environment via acid rain, ground level ozone and greenhouse gases.
In recent years, much work has been done to find ways of reducing the output of NON, SO, and CO from fuel combustion. The most common means of reducing NO emissions is the use of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) techn&ogy. However, this approach requires the construction of an expensive catalytic system to treat the exhaust gases from the combustion process.
Another approach is to use staged combustion to reduce NO wherein there is more than one individualized combustion zone in the furnace. While this technique is suitable for the construction of new furnaces, it is not easily retrofitted to existing furnaces.
Yet another approach is the use of additives during the combustion process to effect changes in the combustion conditions such that emissions are reduced. In one method, cathium compounds, such as CaO, CaCO3 or CaF, are added to the combustion zone to reduce NO and SO, emissions. However, this and similar techniques resull in a stag disposal issue.
US 2004/0168365 suggests using a composition comprising wax, a fatty acid, ammonia or an ammonia like compound (such as amides, amines or amino acids), water and optionally Ti02 or a composition comprising ammonia, an ammonia like compound, Jo Tb2 and water. These compositions are said to facilitate more complete and efficient combustion and to reduce NO emissions when applied to coal, wood or rubber before burning. In particular ammonia, ammonia like compounds and Ti02 are considered to contribute to the reduction in NO emissions. However, a reduction in NO emissions of only 12.9% is achieved.
WO 2005/003264 discloses a fuel composition for reducing NO emissions, the composition comprising puverised coal and an oxygenate selected from g'ycerol, glycer& derivatives, propylene gyco, propylene glycol derivatives, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol derivatives, fatty acid alkyl esters, fatty alcohols, and mixtures thereof.
The oxygenate may be blended with the coal prior to, during and/or after pulverisation or may be injected into the combustion zone via a separate nozzle. However, the productivity of fuel combustion of these compositions is unsatisfactoiy.
Notwithstanding previous attempts to solve the emissions problems associated with the combustion of fuels, there is a continuing need to develop combustion methods that improve NON, SO and CO emissions, that increase the productivity of fuel combustion, and that can be cost effectively retrofitted to existing heat producing units, such as boilers, furnaces and thermal reactors.
Summary of the invention
A first aspect of the present invention provides a composition comprising glycerol or a glycerol derivative, one or more acohels, titanium dioxide and water. Preferably the composition comprises glycerel, ethan6l, methanol, titanium dioxide and water. The composition is preferably a fuel additive composition. The composition is preferably a solution.
Preferably the composition comprises or consists essentially of or consists of: (a) 5-30% by weight glycerol, (b) i-8% by weight titanium dioxide, (c) 10-30% by weight ethanol, (d) 10-30% by weight methan&, and (e) 20-70% by weight water.
Preferably the composition comprises or consists essentially of or consists of: Jo (a) 5-25% by weight g'ycerol, (b) i-6% by weight titanium dioxide, (c) 15-25% by weight ethanol, (d) 15-25% by weight methanol, and (e) 30-60% by weight water.
Preferably the composition is suitable for use as a fuel additive. When used as a fuel additive, the composition may be added to any fuel or energy source, preferably a fossil fuel (such as coal, petr&eum, oil or natural gas), wood, chemicals or waste. Preferably the fuel or energy source is a fossil fuel, preferably coal. As used herein throughout the specification and claims, the terms "fuel" and "energy source" are used interchangeably.
When the composition is used as a fuel additive, preferaNy the amount of NO and/or SO and/or CO emitted during fuel combustion is reduced.
When the composition is used as a fuel additive, preferably the productivity of the fuel combustion is increased.
As used herein throughout the specification and daims, the terms "combustion" and "burning" arc used intcrchangcaby.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method of preparing a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention, said method comprising the steps of: (a) mixing gycero1 or a glycer& derivative and titanium dioxide, and s (b) mixing the mixture obtained in step (a), one or more akohols and water in any order.
Preferably the method comprises the steps of: (a) mixing glycerol and titanium dioxide, and (b) mixing the mixture obtained in step (a), ethanol, methanol and water in any order.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a method of using a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention as fuel additive during fuel combustion.
The third aspect of the present invention further provides a method of fuel combustion, said method comprising the step of using a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
The third aspect of the present invention further provides a method of reducing the amount of N0 and/or SO and/or CO emitted during fuel combustion, said method comprising the step of using a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
The third aspect of the present invention further provides a method of increasing the productivity of fuel combustion, said method comprising the step of using a composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
In the methods of the third aspect of the present invention, preferably the amount of NO and/or SO and/or CO emitted during fuel combustion is reduced by the use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention. Reducing the amount of NO and/or SO, and/or CO emitted during fuel combustion can increase the commercial value of the waste ash. For example, reducing the amount of SO, emitted during fucl combustion incrcascs thc amount of sulfur in thc wastc ash. Wastc ash high in sulfur may be suitable, for examp'e, for producing fire retardant bricks.
Tn the methods of the third aspect of the present invention, preferably the productivity of the fuel combustion is increased by the use of the composition according to the first aspect of the present invention.
In the methods of the third aspect of the present invention, preferably the fuel or energy source used is a fossil fuel (such as coal, petroleum, oil or natural gas), wood, chemicals or waste. Preferably the fuel or energy source is a fossil fuel, preferably coal.
In the methods of the third aspect of the present invention, preferably the composition is applied to the fuel before or during combustion or is applied to the emitted combustion gases. Preferably the composition is applied to the fuel in a weight ratio of composition: fuel of about 1-4: 8, preferably about 2: 8. The composition may be applied to the fuel by any suitable method. If the composition is applied to a solid fuel Jo before combustion, the composition may be applied to the solid fuel by dipping, soaking, coating, spraying, brushing, roBing, pouring, immersing, submerging, impregnating or saturating. For example, if the solid fuel is coal, the coal may be pulverised and saturated with the composition. If the composition is applied to a liquid fuel before combustion, the composition may be applied to the liquid fuel by adding, mixing, combining, blending, stirring or spraying. If the composition is applied to the fuel during combustion, the composition may be sprayed onto the fuel. Tf the composition is appfled to the emitted combustion gases, the composition may be sprayed onto the emitted combustion gases, preferably when the emitted combustion gases are still hot, preferably when the emitted combustion gases have a temperature of at least 90°C.
In the methods of the third aspect of the present invention, preferably fuel combustion is carried out in a heat producing unit, preferably in a heat producing unit such as a boiler, furnace or thermal reactor. A heat producing unit is a combustion unit in which fuel is burned to generate heat energy. The heat energy generated may then be used to heat water or produce steam for driving electricity producing turbines or to supply heat to operate a manufacturing process or to provide heat for buildings and structures.
Brief description of the accompanying figure
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a furnace using the composition and methods of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
A preferred fuel additive composition of the present invention comprises gycero1, ethanol, methanol, titanium dioxide and water. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the glycerol in the composition of the present invention acts as oxygen source to control and reduce NO formation and as hydrocarbon source to increase the productivity of the fuel combustion. Titanium dioxide is believed to react with free radicals and to minimize SO formation. Ethanol and methanol are added to the composition of the present invention as fuel enriching agents and are believed to jo increase the productivity of the fuel combustion. They are believed to create a chain reaction and to increase the combustion heat by flashing unburned gases. Water is used in the composition of the present invention as oxygen and hydrogen source at high temperatures and to provide the composition of the present invention as a homogenous mixture.
The fuel additive composition of the present invention may be used, for example, in a furnace as shown in Figure 1. The furnace has a combustion chamber 1. Fuel and air is supplied to this combustion chamber 1 in a conventional way via a fuel inlet 2 and air inlets 3. Ash can be removed from the combustion chamber 1 in a conventional way via an ash outlet 4. When fuel is burned in the combustion chamber 1, combustion gases 5 are emitted which are removed in a conventional way via a combustion gas outlet 6.
The furnace shown in Figure 1 differs from conventional furnaces in that it has a fuel additive composition inlet 7, through which the composition of the present invention can be supplied to the combustion chamber 1. The composition can be stored in a storage container 8 and fed to the inlet 7 by a pump 9. Depending on the positioning of the fuel additive composition inlet 7 in the combustion chamber 1, the composition of the present invention is sprayed onto the burning fuel 10 or onto the hot combustion gases. In Figure ias shown, the composition of the present invention is sprayed with spray 11 onto thc hot combustion gascs 5.
ExamDle 1 A composition of the present invention was prepared, comprising 20% by weight glycerol, 20% by weight ethanol, 20% by weight methanol, 2.5% by weight titanium dioxide and 37.5% by weight water. The composition was prepared by first mixing glycer& and titanium dioxide, and then adding to this mixture ethanol, methanol and water.
ExamDle 2 A composition of the present invention was prepared, comprising 20% by weight gycero1, 20% by weight ethanol, 20% by weight methanol, 5% by weight titanium dioxide and 35% by weight water. The composition was prepared by first mixing g1ycero and titanium dioxide, and then adding to this mixture ethanol, methanol and jo water.
Examule 2 A mixture of wood and charcoal was burned in a furnace as shown in Figure 1, first without using the composition of example 1 and then with using the composition of examp'e 1. The composition was sprayed onto the hot combustion gases. The composition was appUed to the wood and charcoa' fuel in a weight ratio of composition fuel of about 1 4.
The combustion gases emitted were analysed and the results are shown in Table 1.
Measurements Without With Difference (%) ____________________________ composition composition _________________ Gas heat (at outlet flue) (°C) io6 77 -27% CO (actual conc., ing/Nina) 23250 3004 -87% CO (%6 02 conc., mg/Nrn3) 30143 5109 -83% SO2 (actual conc., mg/Nrn2) 869 23 -97% 502 (%6 02 conc., mg/Nm) 1127 39 -97% N0 (actual conc., ing/Nm) 298 166 -44% N0(%6 O2conc., mg/Nm3) 1i8 282 -76% 02 (concentration %) 9.43 12.18 +29% CO2 (concentration %) 5.61 8.12 +45%
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the use of the composition of the present invention significantiy reduced the emission of NO1, 502 and CO and increased the emission of 02 and CO2.
It will be understood that the present invention has been described above by way of example only. The examp'es are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Various modifications and embodiments can be made without depardng from the scope and spirit of the invention, which is defined by the following claims on'y.

Claims (17)

  1. Claims 1. A composition comprising glycerol or a g'ycerol derivative, one or more alcohols, titanium dioxide and water.
  2. 2. A composition according to claim 1, comprising glycerol, ethanol, methanol, titanium dioxide and water.
  3. 3. A composition according to daim 1 or 2, comprising: Jo (a) 5-30% by weight glycerol, (b) -8% by weight titanium dioxide, (c) 10-30% by weight ethanol, (d) 10-30% by weight methanol, and (e) 20-70% by weight water.
  4. 4. A composition according to any one of claims ito 3, for use as a fuel additive.
  5. 5. A composition according to claim 4, wherein the fuel is a fossil fuel (such as coal, petroleum, oil or natural gas), wood, chemicals or waste.
  6. 6. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein when the composition is used as a fuel additive, the amount of NO and/or SO and/or CO emitted during fuel combustion is reduced.
  7. 7. A composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein when the composition is used as a fuel additive, the productivity of the fuel combustion is increased.
  8. 8. A mcthod of prcparing a composition according to any onc of claims 1 to 7, said method comprising the steps of: (a) mixing glycerol or a glycerol derivative and titanium dioxide, and (b) mixing the mixture obtained in step (a), one or more alcohols and water in any order.
  9. 9. A method of using a composition according to any one of daims 1 to 7 as fuel additive during fuel combustion. -10-
  10. 10. A method of fuel combustion, comprising the step of using a composition according to any one of claims ito 7.
  11. ii. A method of reducing the amount of NO and/or SO and/or CO emitted during fuel combustion, said method comprising the step of using a composition according to any one of claims ito 7.
  12. 12. A method of increasing the productivity of fuel combustion, said method jo comprising the step of using a composition according to any one of claims ito 7.
  13. 13. A method according to any one of claims 9, iO or 12, wherein the amount of NO and/or SO and/or CO emitted during fuel combustion is reduced by the use of the composition.
  14. 14. A method according to any one of claims 9 to n, wherein the productivity of the fuel combustion is increased by the use of the composition.
  15. 15. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 14, wherein the fuel is a fossil fuel (such as coal, petroleum, oil or natural gas), wood, chemica's or waste.
  16. 16. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 15, wherein the composition is applied to the fuel before or during combustion or is applied to the emitted combustion gases.
  17. 17. A method according to any one of daims 9 to i6, wherein fuel combustion is carried out in a boiler, furnace or thermal reactor.
GB1322176.7A 2013-12-16 2013-12-16 Fuel additive composition Withdrawn GB2522612A (en)

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EP3153565A1 (en) * 2015-10-05 2017-04-12 Franz Mauerhofer Fuel additive

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WO2010006402A1 (en) * 2008-07-16 2010-01-21 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Natural Resources Canada Conversion of glycerol to naphtha-range oxygenates
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GB633356A (en) * 1946-01-12 1949-12-12 British Industrial Plastics Improvements in and relating to resinous compositions comprising amino-formaldehyde condensation products
US20060117651A1 (en) * 2001-01-10 2006-06-08 Hundley Joseph W Chemical change agent
EP1837053A1 (en) * 2006-03-22 2007-09-26 The Procter and Gamble Company Cosmetic composition comprising gingko biloba and sunscreen agents
EP1950273A1 (en) * 2007-01-18 2008-07-30 RWE Power Aktiengesellschaft Use of glycerol, glycerol-ethanol or glycerol-methanol blends as a fuel for furnaces
WO2009093820A1 (en) * 2008-01-24 2009-07-30 Misuba Company Co.,Ltd. Fuel saving agent for accelerating combustion
WO2010006402A1 (en) * 2008-07-16 2010-01-21 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Natural Resources Canada Conversion of glycerol to naphtha-range oxygenates
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