GB2521690A

GB2521690A - Apparatus and method for providing electrical stimulation to a subject

Info

Publication number: GB2521690A
Application number: GB1410765.0A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Katya Nikolova Mileva; David Paul Sumners
Original assignee: Actegy Ltd
Current assignee: Actegy Ltd
Priority date: 2011-08-12
Filing date: 2011-08-12
Publication date: 2015-07-01
Anticipated expiration: 2031-08-12
Also published as: GB201410765D0; GB2521690B

Abstract

An apparatus 2 for the electrical stimulation of a users feet and legs has two contact members 14a,14b each with a contact surface 16a,b for contacting the plantar surface of a foot of the user. In use, electrical current is supplied to the contact surfaces, which are of opposite polarities (figure 5), to stimulate the plantar muscles of the feet, such that current passes through one foot to the other. The contact surfaces are moveable to allow the angle of the joints of the feet and ankles to change. Preferably, the contact surfaces are contoured to accommodate the soles of the users feet and are pivoted about a mid-point. The contact surfaces may be lockable to prevent movement during use.

Description

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING ELECTRICAL STIMULATION TO A

SUBJECT

The present invention relates to a method for providing electrical stimulation to a subject, in particular to the feet of a subject. The present invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the same.

The electrical stimulation of a subject for improving circulation is known in the art. In particular, the electrical stimulation of the feet and legs of a subject to improve venous bloodf low is known and reported in the art. Thus, Kaplan, RE. at al., Electrical foot stimulation and implications for the prevention of venous thromboembolic disease', (Thrombosis and haemostasis, 2002, vol. 88, n°2, pages to 204) describe the results of experiments conducted on subjects, in which mild electrical stimulation was applied to the calf or plantar muscles of the subject.

Analysis showed an increase in the venous femoral and popliteal blood flow of the side of the subject to which electrical stimulation was applied, compared with the non-stimulated side.

Further, W Man, 1.0., et al. Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on footlankle volume during standing' (Med Sd Sports Exerc., 2003, April, 35(4), pages 630 to 634) report that the neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the lower leg muscles of a subject prevented the increase in volume of the feet and ankles generally experienced after extended periods of standing. It was concluded that neuromuscular electrical stimulation provided a means for reducing swelling in the lower limbs of subjects that are not capable of fully activating their musculo-venous pumps.

Faghri, PD., et al., Electrical stimulation-induced contraction to reduce blood stasis during arthroplasty' (IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng., 1997, March, 5(1), pages 62 to 69) report data suggesting that continuous electrical stimulation-induced contractions could improve lower leg circulation in subjects by eliciting the physiologic muscle pump. This will lead, in turn, to improved venous circulation and a reduction of blood stasis, for example during total hip and/or knee surgery. The authors suggest this technique may offer greater protection against deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (FE) during surgery than the commonly used sequential compression devices and techniques.

Faghri, PD., et al., Venous hemodynamics of the lower extremities in response to electrical stimulation' (Arch Phys Med Rehabil., 1998, July, 79(7), pages 842 to 848) concluded from experiments conducted that periodic single electrostimulation-induced calf muscle contractions produced significant muscle pump function and could be used to improve venous blood flow and reduce stasis in the lower leg, while continuous electrostimulation-induced contractions could improve lower leg peripheral perfusion while eliciting the physiologic venous muscle pump.

Anderson, SI., et al., Chronic transcutaneous electrical stimulation of calf muscles improves functional capacity without inducing systemic inflammation in claudicants' (Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg., 2004, February, 27(2), pages 201 to 209) report that chronic electrical muscle stimulation is an effective treatment for alleviating intermittent claudication. The technique, by targeted activation of a small muscle mass, does not engender a significant systemic inflammatory response.

A method of neuro-muscular stimulation for the prevention of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism is disclosed in US 5,358,513. The method comprises applying electrical stimulation to the subject by means of electrodes attached to an anterior portion of the subject's knee immediately proximal the common peroneal nerve. The electrical stimulation is applied as trains of pulse modulated sinusoids.

More recently, US 6,615,080 discloses the neuroelectrical stimulation of the foot muscles of a subject for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVI), pulmonary embolism (FE) and lower extremity edema. The method comprises applying electrical pulses to the muscles of the foot, in particular in a square wave pattern of variable frequency, duration, intensity, ramp time and on-off cycle. The electrical stimulation is applied to the soles of the feet of the subject, to reduce the pooling of blood in the soleal veins.

Devices for the electrical stimulation of a subject are known and are commercially available. In particular, devices for applying electrical stimulation to the feet of subjects, especially to the plantar muscles, are known and commercially available. One example of such a device is the Circulation BoosterTM available from High Tech Health Limited, England. The device comprises a pair of pads. In use the user places their feet on the pads. Electrical stimulation of a variable intensity is then provided through the pads to the feet of the subject.

It would be advantageous if an improved method and device for the electrical stimulation of a subject, in particular for the electrical stimulation of the plantar muscles of the subject, could be provided.

It has now been found that an increase in the venous bloodf low of a subject, while reducing the fatigue of the subject, may be achieved by allowing the foot of the subject, when being electrically stimulated, to move. In particular, it has been found that allowing the angle of the joints in the foot and ankle of the subject to change during the electrical stimulation cycle provides a significant improvement in the venous bloodflow.

Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for the electrical stimulation of a subject, the apparatus comprising: a contact member having a contact surface for contacting the plantar surface of a foot of the subject; and means for providing an electrical stimulation cycle to the foot of the subject comprising supplying an electrical current to the contact surface for the electrical stimulation of the plantar muscles of the foot of the subject; wherein the contact surface is moveable so as to allow the angle of the joints of the foot and ankle of the subject to change during the electrical stimulation cycle.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides a method for the electrical stimulation of a subject, the method comprising: applying an electrical stimulation cycle to the subject comprising providing an electrical current to the plantar surface of the foot of the subject; and allowing the angle of the joints of the foot and ankle of the subject to change during the electrical stimulation cycle.

By way of the present invention, the foot of the subject is allowed to move about the joints of the foot and ankle during the electrical stimulation cycle. In particular, natural movement of the foot is permitted. Movement of the foot may arise in one or more ways. First, depending upon the intensity of the electrical stimulation, in particular the current being applied to the foot of the subject, the muscles of the foot and leg of the subject may be caused to spasm sufficiently to cause the foot to move. In this event, natural movements of the foot about the joints in the leg are allowed. In this way, the electrical stimulation of the foot is not impaired. Further, the subject may move the leg during the stimulation cycle as may be required, for example to change the position of the leg and foot for reasons of comfort. Again, this movement is permitted in the present invention, without adversely affecting the electrical stimulation of the foot.

By allowing the foot of the subject to move during the electrical stimulation cycle, the apparatus and method of the present invention allow the action and effects of voluntary exercise to be more closely replicated. It has been found that allowing or inducing movement of the foot of the subject can increase the venous bloodf low of the subject and significantly alleviate venous stasis. Further, it has been found that fatigue induced as a result of the electrical stimulation is reduced. Still further, permitting movement of the subject's foot can improve the training response of the electrical stimulation treatment.

In the present invention, an electrical stimulation cycle is applied to the foot of the subject. In particular, an electrical current is applied to the plantar surface of the foot, thereby stimulating the plantar muscles of the foot of the subject. The electrical stimulation cycle is applied to the plantar surface of the foot through a contact member having a contact surface. The subject places their foot on the contact member of the apparatus such that the plantar surface of the foot is in contact with the contact surface. The contact surface is electrically conductive, allowing an electrical current to be provided to the plantar muscles of the foot from the apparatus.

The contact surface may have any suitable shape, so as to provide a sufficient contact with the plantar surface of the foot of the subject. Preferably, the contact surface is elongate, having a proximal end, disposed towards the user when in use, and a distal end opposite the proximal end. More preferably the contact surface is of a size and shape to accommodate the major portion of the plantar surface of the foot. It is particularly preferred for the contact surface to be of a sufficient size to accommodate the entire underside of the foot of the subject.

The contact surface may be formed from any suitable material that conducts the electrical current to the plantar surface of the foot of the subject. For example, the contact surface may be formed from a rubber composition comprising carbon, the carbon being present in sufficient amount to provide the requisite electrical conductivity. Alternatively, the contact surface may be formed from metal or from a plastic composition that is electrically conductive or provided with an electrically conductive coating. Other suitable materials for forming the contact member and the contact surface are known in the art.

The contact surface may be flat or substantially flat. Alternatively, the contact surface may be contoured to accommodate the contours of the plantar surface of the foot of the subject. In one embodiment, the contact surface is provided with one or more ridges thereon, the electrical current being provided to the ridges of the contact surface for conducting to the foot of the subject. Alternatively, the contact surface may be smooth or substantially smooth.

Movement of the foot of the subject is permitted throughout the stimulation cycle. Movement of the foot of the subject is provided by having the contact surface moveable, so as to allow the angle of the joints of the foot and ankle of the subject to change during the electrical stimulation cycle, while allowing the user to keep the plantar surface of their foot in contact with the contact surface. The contact surface may be moveable in any suitable way and the contact member may be mounted in any suitable way to allow the contact surface to move under the action of the foot of the subject.

In one preferred embodiment, the contact surface is moveable about a pivot.

The contact surface may be pivotable about any suitable point of the surface. For example, the contact surface may be pivotable about an end or one side thereof.

Preferably, the contact surface is pivotable about a point disposed between two opposing ends or sides thereof. More preferably, the contact surface is pivotable about a mid-point between one or both of the opposing ends or the opposing sides.

In particular, the contact surface is pivotable about a point corresponding to the mid-point of the longitudinal arch of the foot of the subject when the foot is properly placed on the contact surface, with the contact surface pivoting about an axis extending laterally across the foot of the subject. In this way, the foot of the subject is able to rock, in particular forwards and backwards from the subject, about the mid-point of the longitudinal arch of the foot during the electrical stimulation cycle, preferably to allow the foot to move naturally about the joints in the foot and the ankle.

In one embodiment, the contact member comprising the contact surface is pivotably mounted to the apparatus.

In an alternative embodiment, the apparatus is provided with a base member for resting on a surface, such as a floor, when in use. The contact member is fixed in relation to the base member. However, the base member is arranged to pivot on the surface. In a preferred embodiment, the base member is provided with a pivot member projecting therefrom, in use the pivot member being in contact with the surface on which the apparatus is resting. The pivot member is positioned such that the base member may move about the pivot member relative to the surface on which the apparatus is standing or resting. The base member may be pivotable about any suitable point thereby to allow the contact surface to pivot, as described above.

In one preferred embodiment, the entire apparatus is pivotable about a pivot member extending from the base thereof. In particular, the apparatus may comprise a housing having the contact surface disposed on an upper portion thereof and a base member forming the base of the housing, the pivot member extending from the base thereof, whereby the housing is pivotable about the pivot member when resting on a surface, such as a floor. In this respect, the term upper' is a reference to the orientation of the apparatus when in normal use. The contact surface may be fixed in relation to the housing and moveable therewith.

The pivot member may be any suitable member. For example, the pivot member may comprise a projection extending from the base member or a plurality of projections, for example first and second spaced apart, symmetrically arranged projections, the contact surface being pivotable about the line joining the two spaced apart projections. The projections may be any suitable shape and size, preferably being rounded to allow for easy pivoting of the contact surface about the projection.

Alternatively, the pivot member may comprise one or more wheels or rollers extending from and rotatably mounted to allow the base member to pivot. Preferably, the apparatus comprises a pair of wheels or rollers mounted so as to rotate about a single axis, the said axis providing the axis about which the contact surface of the apparatus is free to pivot. The wheels or rollers may be mounted to rotate independently or may be mounted to a single axle for rotation together.

The apparatus may comprise a single contact surface for the electrical stimulation of the plantar surface of one foot of the subject. Alternatively, and more preferably, the apparatus may comprise two contact surfaces, allowing the subject to have both feet electrically stimulated at the same time.

The apparatus further comprises means for providing an electrical stimulation cycle to the foot of the subject. The electrical stimulation cycle comprises supplying an electrical current to the contact surface for the electrical stimulation of the plantar muscles of the foot of the subject. The means for providing the electrical stimulation may be any suitable means for generating the electrical current and supplying the current to the contact surface for applying to the plantar surface of the foot of the subject. Suitable means are known in the art.

One system for providing electrical stimulation to the foot of a subject comprises a power supply unit for providing a supply to electricity. The power supply unit may be any suitable supply unit, preferably one connectable to a domestic electrical supply. The system may further comprise a processor for operating control electronics for providing a voltage. This in turn is provided to a transformer to step the voltage up to a level suitable for administering to the toot of the subject. The processor further operates a pulse control circuit, for generating electrical pulses of the required shape and duration. These are provided to the contact surface of the apparatus. The contact surface is provided with a first portion connected to the electrically positive side of the system and a second portion connected to the electrically negative side of the system. The aforesaid portions are arranged such that a subject placing there foot on the contact surface bridges the two portions and completes the electrical circuit, allowing current to flow between the portions through the foot of the subject. In embodiments of the apparatus in which first and second contact surfaces are provided, one for each foot of the subject, the first and second contact surfaces may provide the first and second portions, such that the user places a foot on each contact surface, thereby allowing electrical current to flow through one foot to the other.

The electrical stimulation may be provided to the plantar surface of the foot of the subject in any suitable form. Suitable regimes for the electrical stimulation are known in the art and may be applied in the apparatus and method of the present invention. In particular, the electrical stimulation may be provided by way of a cycle of varying current having a waveform, for example a square or sinusoidal waveform.

The current cycle may be continuous or intermittent. The current cycle is preferably variable, allowing the subject to vary such parameters as the frequency of the current, its peak value, and the duration of a stimulation cycle.

In one preferred embodiment, the means for providing electrical stimulation to the foot of the subject is operable to generate a plurality of pulses of electrical current. The operating parameters of the pulses, such as the peak value of the current, the frequency of the pulses, the on/off periods of the pulses, and the waveforms, are preferably variable.

The apparatus is preferably provided with a suitable control panel with controls to allow the subject to vary the aforementioned parameters of the electrical stimulation.

In use, the apparatus is placed on a suitable surface, such as a floor. The subject places a foot on the apparatus, such that the plantar surface of the foot is in contact with the contact surface of the apparatus. The apparatus is activated to provide a cycle of electrical stimulation to the foot of the user in which an electrical current is applied to the plantar surface of the foot through the contact surface.

During the stimulation cycle, the foot and leg of the subject may be caused to move involuntarily, due to the stimulation of the muscles of the foot and leg by the electrical current being applied. For example, the muscles of the foot and leg are stimulated into movement by the application of a varying current to the plantar surface of the foot. The current may be applied at a frequency and magnitude to induce sufficient action in the muscles to cause movement of the foot and leg. This movement is accommodated by the apparatus, by the contact surface moving to allow the movement of the foot and leg to occur naturally and with as low impediment as possible. In addition, during the stimulation treatment, the subject may wish to change the position of the foot or leg, for example to increase comfort. Again, such movement is accommodated by movement of the contact surface of the apparatus.

The apparatus may comprise locking means to releasably secure the contact surface from moving. Such locking means provide the facility for the subject to immobilise the contact surface, thereby providing a stable, fixed platform for the foot.

This may be preferred in the case of a subject that is infirm or has limited movement in the feet and legs.

Any suitable locking means may be provided to lock the contact surface in place and prevent it from moving, in particular to prevent movement of the contact surface relative to the rest of the apparatus or relative to a surface on which the apparatus is standing. For example, in embodiments in which the contact surface is pivotable about a pivot member, such as a projection, wheel or roller extending to the surface on which the apparatus is resting, the projection, wheel or roller may be retractable to a position in which the apparatus may contact the surface in a stable position, such as by resting on a plurality of spaced apart feet. Alternatively, the apparatus may comprise one or more extendable feet, that may be extended from the base member to provide a stable support for the apparatus.

In one preferred embodiment, the pivot member, such as a projection, wheel or roller, is moveable between a first position and a second position. The first position is one in which the pivot member contacts the surface on which the apparatus is standing below the apparatus and in which position the apparatus can pivot about the pivot member with the foot of the user placed in a normal position on the contact surface. In the first position, the pivot member is most preferably positioned below or substantially below the mid-point of the longitudinal arch of the foot of the user, when the apparatus is in use on a surface and the foot of the user is in the normal position on the contact surface. In the second position, the pivot member extends from the apparatus and contacts the surface on which the apparatus is standing so as to prevent the apparatus from pivoting about the pivot member, when in normal use. In this second position, the pivot member may be outside the normal footprint of the apparatus, but is preferably within the apparatus footprint.

In one preferred embodiment, the pivot member comprises part of a pivot assembly, the pivot assembly being moveably mounted to the apparatus, so as to move between the first and second positions. Preferably, the pivot assembly is pivotably mounted to the apparatus.

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, having reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a plan view of an apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus of Figure 1 along the line II -II, with the apparatus resting on a surface as in normal use; Figure 3 is a view of the base of the apparatus along the line Ill -Ill of Figure 2; Figure 4a is a side elevation of the apparatus of Figure 1 in a first operating position; Figure 4b is a side elevation of the apparatus of Figure 1 in a second operating position; and Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a system for generating electrical pulses for use in the apparatus of the present invention.

Turning to Figure 1, there is shown, in plan view, an apparatus for the electrical stimulation of the plantar surface of a foot of a subject. The apparatus is generally indicated as 2. The apparatus 2 is shown in side view in Figure 2 resting on a surface 4, as it would be positioned in normal use by a subject.

The apparatus 2 comprises a generally circular housing 6. The housing 6 is provided at an edge portion with a carrying handles. The upper surface 10 of the housing is shown in Figure 1. In this respect, the terms upper' and lower' are references to the orientation of the surfaces and components when in the position of normal use as shown in Figure 2. Thus, the upper surface 10 as shown in Figure 1 is that surface presented to the subject when the apparatus is set on a surface for use.

The housing 6 contains a means for providing electrical stimulation to the plantar surface of the foot of the subject. The system includes a control panel 12.

The control panel 12 is disposed centrally in the upper surface 10 of the housing 6, with controls allowing the subject to activate and adjust parameters of the electrical stimulation cycle to be applied to their foot.

The housing 6 is provided with first and second contact members 1 4a, 1 4b having respective contact surfaces 16a, 16b. The contact members 14a, 14b are arranged such that the contact surfaces 1 6a, 1 Sb are disposed symmetrically on opposing sides of the central control panel 12. Each contact surface 1 6a, 1 6b is generally elongate and is shaped to resemble the general outline of a foot. The contact surfaces 1 6a, 1 6b are of a size to accommodate the entire plantar surface of a foot of the subject. The contact surfaces 1 6a, 1 6b are shaped to correspond to the left and right feet of the subject, respectively, as shown in Figure 1.

Each contact surface 1 6a, 1 6b is provided with a plurality of arcuate ridges 16 thereon. Alternatively, the contact surfaces 1 6a, 1 6b may be smooth or substantially smooth.

In use, the means for providing electrical stimulation to the feet of the subject provides an electric current to the contact surfaces 16a, 1Gb for conducting to the plantar surface of the corresponding foot of the subject.

The apparatus 2 can be considered to have a central axis A, shown in Figures 1 and 3. In normal use, this central axis A extends away from the subject, with the subject placing their feet on either side of the central axis A. Turning to Figures 2 and 3, the housing 6 has a base 20 providing the housing with a lower surface 22. As shown in Figure 2, the lower surface 22 faces the surface on which the apparatus is set, when in normal use. The housing 6 is provided with four generally circular feet 24 extending from the base 20 and the lower surface 22. The feet 24 are arranged in a symmetrical pattern about the central axis A. The base 20 is further provided with a rocker assembly, generally indicated as 26. The rocker assembly 26 comprises an axle assembly 28 pivotably mounted to the base 20 by a mount 30. An axle (not visible in the figures) extends within the axle assembly 26 across the base 20 substantially perpendicular to the central axis A. A wheel 32 is mounted to the axle at each end of the axle assembly 28. The wheels 32 may be mounted to the axle assembly, so as to rotate. More preferably, the wheels 32 are fixed and not rotatable relative to the axle assembly.

The base 20 is provided with a recess 34 in the lower surface 22, with the rocker assembly 26 being accommodated within the recess 34 and extendable from the recess by movement about the mount 30.

The rocker assembly 26 is arranged such that, with the wheels 32 positioned as shown in the figures, the housing 6, together with the contact surfaces 1 6a, 1 Sb, pivots about the wheels 32, as indicated by the arrows B in Figure 2. The axle assembly 28 is arranged to position the axis of rotation extending between the wheels 32 to be at the mid-point between the proximal and distal ends of the contact surfaces 1 Ba, 1 Sb. With the feet of the subject properly positioned on the contact surfaces 1 Ba, 1 Sb, this places the axis of movement of the contact surfaces at the centre of the longitudinal arch of each foot. This in turn allows the apparatus 2, and hence the contact surfaces 1 Ba, 1 6b, to rock forwards and backwards and permit the natural movement of the feet and ankles of the subject.

In use, the apparatus has two operating positions, as shown in Figures 4a and 4b. In normal use, the rocker assembly 26 is positioned within the recess, as shown in Figure 2 and described in detail above. The apparatus 2 is placed on a surface 4, as shown in Figure 4a. The subject places their feet on the respective contact member 1 4a, 1 4b, with the plantar surfaces firmly in contact with the contact surfaces 1 Ba, 1 Sb. Electrical stimulation of the feet is activated using the control panel and a cycle of electrical current is applied to the plantar surfaces of the subject's feet through the contact surfaces. Depending upon the parameters of the current cycle, involuntary movement of the feet and legs may be induced by the electrical stimulation. Alternatively, or in addition, the subject may move their feet and legs voluntarily during the stimulation cycle. Such movement is accommodated by the housing 6 rocking about the axis of the wheels 32 as indicated by arrows B in Figure 2 and Figure 4a. In particular, the forwards and backwards rocking motion allows the natural movement of the joints in the feet and ankles of the subject to take place unimpeded.

The user may not require the rocking action of the apparatus during the stimulation cycle, for example as a result of infirmity or disability, the rocking action may be prevented as shown in Figure 4b. In particular, the axle assembly 26 is pivoted about the mount on the base, as indicated by arrow D in Figure 4b. This moves the wheels 32 away from below the mid-point of the contact surfaces 1 Ba, 1 6b and forwards from the user, that is to the left as viewed in Figure 4b. In addition, the apparatus 2 is raised at an angle to present the contact surfaces iSa, lBb to the user, as shown in Figure 4b. With the axle assembly 26 in the extended position shown in Figure 4b, and with the feet of the user in the normal position on the contact surfaces 1 Ba, 1 Sb, the apparatus is held in a stable position on the surface and does not rock. Electrical stimulation of the feet of the user proceeds as described above and is unchanged.

The rocking action may be restored simply by moving the axle assembly 26 into the retracted position, shown in Figure 4a.

Referring to Figure 5, there is a shown a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a system for generating electrical pulses for the stimulation of the feet of a subject. The system, generally indicated as 102, is suitable for use in the apparatus of Figures 1 to 4.

The system 102 comprises a power supply unit 104, for example connectable to an electrical power supply, such as a domestic electrical supply. The power supply unit 104 outputs an electrical current, the voltage of which is adjusted, as required by a control unit 106, under the action of a processor 108. The adjusted voltage is stepped up by a transformer 110, before being fed to a pulse control unit 112, also operated by the processor 108. The pulse control unit generates a pulsed electrical signal having the desired pulse shape and duration, under the action of the processor. The output of the pulse control unit 112 is connected to the first and second contact members 1 4a, 1 4b of the apparatus of Figure 1. A control panel 114 provides a user interface for controlling the processor 108.

In use, by placing their feet on the contact surfaces of the contact members 14a, 14b, the user completes an electrical circuit, allowing the pulsed electrical signal to travel from one foot to the other and stimulate muscle contraction in the feet and legs of the user. As described above, the rocking action of the apparatus allows the feet and legs of the user to move, in particular about the joints in the feet and ankles, as required under the action of the electrical stimulation of the muscles.

Claims

CLAIMS1. An apparatus for the electrical stimulation of a subject, the apparatus comprising: a contact member having a contact surface for contacting the plantar surface of a foot of the subject; and means for providing an electrical stimulation cycle to the foot of the subject comprising supplying an electrical current to the contact surface for the electrical stimulation of the plantar muscles of the foot of the subject; wherein the contact surface is moveable so as to allow the angle of the joints of the foot and ankle of the subject to change during the electrical stimulation cycle.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the contact surface is elongate, having a proximal end and a distal end.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the contact surface can accommodate the major portion of the plantar surface of the foot of the subject.
4. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the contact surface is contoured to accommodate the contours of a foot of the subject.
5. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the contact surface is moveable about a pivot.
6. The apparatus according to claim 5. wherein the contact surface is pivoted about a point disposed between opposing ends or opposing sides thereof.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the contact surface is pivoted about a mid-point between opposing ends or opposing sides thereof.
8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the contact surface is pivoted about a point corresponding to the mid-point of the longitudinal arch of the foot of the subject when the foot is placed on the contact surface in normal use.
9. The apparatus according to any of claims 510 8, further comprising a base member for resting on a surface in use, the base member being arranged to pivot on the surface.
10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the base member is provided with a pivot member projecting therefrom, in use the pivot member contacting the surface and the base member pivoting about the pivot member.
11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the entire apparatus is pivotable about the pivot member.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the apparatus comprises a housing, the contact surface being disposed in an upper portion of the housing and the base member forming the base of the housing.
13. The apparatus according to any of claims 9 to 12, wherein the base member is provided with a plurality of pivot members.
14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the base member is provided with first and second spaced apart pivot members, the base member being pivotable about a line extending between the first and second spaced apart pivot members.
15. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, further comprising locking means operable to releasbly lock the contact surface to prevent movement thereof during use.
16. The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the contact surface is pivotable about a pivot member, the pivot member being moveable between a first position, in which the contact surface is moveable and a second position in which movement of the contact surface is prevented.
17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the pivot member is a projection extending from a base member of the apparatus, the pivot member being moveable between a first position, in which the apparatus is pivotable about the pivot member relative to a surface on which the apparatus is standing, and a second position in which the apparatus is not pivotable about the pivot member.
18. The apparatus according to claim 17, wherein in the first position the pivot member lies below the mid point of the longitudinal arch of the foot of the user.
19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein in the second position, the pivot member lies in front of the mid point of the longitudinal arch of the foot of the user.
20. The apparatus according to any of claims 17 to 19, wherein the apparatus comprises a pivot assembly moveably mounted to the apparatus so as to be moveable between the first and second positions, the pivot assembly comprising the pivot member.
21. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus comprises a first contact member having a first contact surface for one foot of the subject and a second contact member having a second contact surface for a second foot of the subject.
22. A method for the electrical stimulation of a subject, the method comprising: applying an electrical stimulation cycle to the subject comprising providing an electrical current to the plantar surface of the foot of the subject; and allowing the angle of the joints of the foot and ankle of the subject to change during the electrical stimulation cycle.
23. An apparatus for the electrical stimulation of a subject substantially as hereinbefore described having reference to the accompanying figures.
24. A method for the electrical stimulation of a subject substantially as hereinbefore described having reference to the accompanying figures.Amendments to the claims have been filed as foflowsCLAIMS1. An apparatus fcr the etectrical sii.mulation of a subject, the apparatus S comprising: a firs contact member having a first contact surface for contactirg the oantar surface of a tint foot of the subject and a second contact tember having a secono cortad surface fr contacting tie planter surface of a second foot of the sb act, and teans or provid ng an electr cat stimilation cycle to the foot of The subject 1 0 cofl'pnslng supplying an electncal current to the frst and second contact surfaces for the electrical stinuietion of tie pantar muscles of the foot of t'e subject when the user places a foot on each of the first and second contact surfae, the electrical current flow ng through one foot to the other foo, wherein the firS and second contact surfaces are m oveab.le so as to aVow the angle o the joints of the foot ana ankle of the subject to cnange duirg the electrical stimulation cycla o 2 The apparaus according to cHain I w'erern the contact surface is elongate, having a proxinal end and a distal end 3. The apparatus accordin.g to cjairn 2, wherein the:Qo:ntact surface óah accommodate the major poruon of the planter surface of the foot of the suoject 4 The apparatus accordrg to any preced'ng claim, wherer the contact surface is contoured to accommodate the contours of a foot of the subject.5. The apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the contact surface is moveable about a pivot.6 The acparatJ according to claim 5, wherein the contact surface is p voted about a pont aisoosed between opposing ends or oopos ng sides tereof 7 The apoaratus according to cIa m 6, where ii the contact surface is pivoed about a mid-point between opposing ends Or oppo&ng sides thereof) 8.. The apparatus accorthng t cWm 7 herejfl the contact suilacc is pivoted about a cant corresponding to the md-pont of the Io-gtudinal arch of the foot of the subject when the foot is placed cn t'e contact surface ulnormal use. 5.9. The apparatus according to any of claims 5 to 6, further comprising a base membr for resting on a surface in use, the base member being arranged to ovot on the surface:, 10. The. apparatus according to daim 9, wherein the base member is provided with a pivot member projecting therefrom ir use the pivot member contacting tha surface and the base member pivoting about the pivot member.11. The apparatus according. claim 10, wherein the entire apparatus: is 1.5 pivotable about the pivot member.12. The apparatus according to claim ii, wherein the apparatus comprises a 0 housirg, the contact surface being deposed n an upper portion of the housing and the base member forming the base of the hbusing 02.0 13. the apparatus according. to any of ciai:m,s 9 to 12, whorSn the base member s. provided with a, plurality of pivot members.14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the base member is provided wth fret and second spaced apar pivot members, the case member being pivotable about a line extending between the first, and second spaced apart, pivot members.15.. The apparatus according t any prebedtng claim., further comprising. locking means operable to r&easbly lock the contact su:rface:t. prevent movemen thereof during use..16 The appw-atus accordng to claim 15 wherein the contact surface s pivotable about a pivot.member the iv.ot member being moveable between a fftst positiOn, in which the contact surface is moveable and a second posThon in which movement of the contact surface is prevented..17. The apparatus according to. claim 18., wherein the pivot m.enibeP is a projeoton extenang om a base member o the apparatus, the pwot member being moveabe between a first position, *ih which the. apparatus is pivotabe about thepivot member relauve to a surface on which the apparatus is standing, and a secoid position in which the pparatu.s iS not ptvotab& about the pivot member 18. The apparatusiccordtng to claim 17, wherein in the first position. the pivOt member ties below the mid point of the bngitud.ina arch of the foot of the tser.19. The apparatus *ccOrdihg to cait 18, wherein in the SecOnd position, the pivot member es in front o the mid point of the longitudinal arch of the foot of the LL) 1 5 user.20. The apparatus according to any of caims 17 to 19, wherein the.apprtus o compnses a pvot assembly moveabiy mouMed to the apparatus so as o e moveable between the first anci second positions P's pwot assembiy co'loris3ng the o 20 pivot member.