GB2513098A - A method of using a slab-shaped optical medium - Google Patents
A method of using a slab-shaped optical medium Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2513098A GB2513098A GB201303129A GB201303129A GB2513098A GB 2513098 A GB2513098 A GB 2513098A GB 201303129 A GB201303129 A GB 201303129A GB 201303129 A GB201303129 A GB 201303129A GB 2513098 A GB2513098 A GB 2513098A
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- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- trajectory
- gain medium
- slab
- laser gain
- slab laser
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/0602—Crystal lasers or glass lasers
- H01S3/0606—Crystal lasers or glass lasers with polygonal cross-section, e.g. slab, prism
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
- H01S3/0619—Coatings, e.g. AR, HR, passivation layer
- H01S3/0625—Coatings on surfaces other than the end-faces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/08095—Zig-zag travelling beam through the active medium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/005—Optical devices external to the laser cavity, specially adapted for lasers, e.g. for homogenisation of the beam or for manipulating laser pulses, e.g. pulse shaping
- H01S3/0071—Beam steering, e.g. whereby a mirror outside the cavity is present to change the beam direction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
- H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
- H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
- H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/23—Arrangements of two or more lasers not provided for in groups H01S3/02 - H01S3/22, e.g. tandem arrangements of separate active media
- H01S3/2308—Amplifier arrangements, e.g. MOPA
- H01S3/2325—Multi-pass amplifiers, e.g. regenerative amplifiers
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
A method comprises transmitting a light beam through the slab laser gain medium 101 on a first trajectory, wherein the first trajectory comprises a zigzag trajectory; and redirecting the light beam back through the slab laser gain medium 101 on a second trajectory. Also disclosed is an optical arrangement to perform the above method where the slab laser gain medium 101 is provided with an optical element 109 to receive the light beam from the first trajectory and redirect it back through the slab laser gain medium 101 on the second trajectory. Where the second trajectory may comprise a zigzag trajectory. The slab laser gain medium 101 may be sandwiched between two materials of a lower refractive index, where the materials of lower refractive index may be at least one selected from: undoped laser crystals, transparent glasses, sapphire or diamond. The optical element 109 may be either a mirror or a reflective coating on the slab laser gain medium 101.
Description
A METHOD OF USING A SLAB-SHAPED OPTiCAL MEDIUM
Field
S The present disclosure relates to a method of using a slab-shaped, or slab, optical medium. In examples, the optical medium isa laser gain medium. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a method of transmitting a laser beam through a slab laser gain medium and a method of amplifying radiation. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method of increasing the pump extraction from a slab laser gain medium.
Background
For power scaling of high power diode pumped lasers, efficient extraction of pump energy from gain medium at high pump density with uniformly excited large volume is needed. Disk lasers use a very thin gain medium, and heat removal from a large face, but are known to be difficult to increase the pumped volume. Rod lasers use large cylindrical gain medium directly cooled by water but suffer from a large thermal lensing effects.
Slab lasers use large rectangular gain medium cooled by water/gas from the side face.
Advantageously, slab lasers may be cooled at the large faces in order to reduce the thermal effect on the beam quality. The rectangular shape provides a large cooling surface and under uniform pumping conditions, stress induced birefringence effects can be reduced. Nevertheless, thermal and stress induced effects, such as thermal lensing, are still a problem and can severely degrade the optical quality of the laser beam and limit the optical power.
In slab lasers, the optical beam may pass straight through the length of the gain crystal in a single pass, parallel to the optical axis.
Slab lasers may also be used in a so-called "zigzag bounce" or "zigzag" configuration. In the zigzag geometry, the optical beam traverses through the crystal at an angle to the optical axis using total internal reflection at surfaces of the crystal. The resulting "zigzag path" is not parallel to the optical axis of the crystal. In these designs, the zigzag path is usually introduced into the slab by shaping the gain medium such that the laser beam enters and exits the crystal at a fixed angle defined by the slab geometry and the number of zigzag bounces. By using the zigzag configuration, the impact of thermal effects are cancelled out and efficient use of pumped volume is enhanced through the overlapped beam along zigzag path.
US 6,654,163 discloses a so-called "Innoslab" laser using a slab gain medium and a folded single pass S configuration. The Innoslab amplifier consists of a longitudinally, partially pumped slab crystal. The design improves efficiency by using a folded single pass configuration, where beam expansion on every passage through the slab balances the increase of power and intensity. This is said to improve the efficiency by homogeneous saturation of the gain medium and constantly keeps the intensity away from the damage threshold of the optical components. Notably, it can be understood that US 6,654,163 discloses a straight pass geometry through the slab. A problem with this geometry is that it requires a complex setup for pumping. Furthermore, the laser beam suffers from thermal gradient effects in the cooling direction, resulting in a practical limit to how much the power may be scaled without sacrificing the beam quality.
The present disclosure provides a means for addressing these deficiencies.
Summary
Aspects of an invention are defined in the appended independent claims.
The inventor has recognised that systems using a straight pass through a slab gain medium have low extraction efficiency. The inventor has further recognised that systems using multiple straight line passes through the gain medium require a complex pumping arrangement and, nevertheless, suffer from problematic thermal gradients in the coolingdirection. This limits the extent to which the optical power output of such systems may be scaled-up.
The present disclosure relates to a method of using a slab laser gain medium and an optical arrangement for a slab laser gain medium. In summary, the present disclosure relates to using multiple passes through the slab wherein at least a first pass comprises a zigzag trajectory, or path, of internal reflections. Accordingly, power scaling with volume can be achieved by merely scaling the width of the slab. Advantageously, the benefits of zigzag slab lasers are maintained and more of the pumped volume is utilised for greater efficiency. Higher power outputs may therefore be achieved with smaller gain mediums.
Notably, efficient pump energy extraction is achieved from the gain medium. Scaling of the size of the gain medium is provided by scaling the width of the slab to allow multi-pass through the gain medium. There is also provided a system in which uniform pumping of the gain medium may be achieved by many different pumping geometries. That is, the system in accordance with the present S disclosure is more flexible in terms of optical pumping geometries. There is also provided a system in which efficient heat extraction may be achieved through the largest faces of the slab. Notably, this is more difficult to achieve with systems using multiple straight line passes through the large face.
Brief description of the drawing
Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 shows a slab gain medium in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
In the figures, like reference numerals refer to like parts.
Embodiments relate to using a laser gain medium but the skilled person will understand that the laser gain medium may be used for other purposes. For example, the medium maybe used as a simple waveguide. In another example, the medium may be used as a simple optical phase adjuster.
That is, the laser gain medium may simply be described as an optical medium.
The present disclosure refers to a slab. This term relates to the physical shape of the optical medium namely that the medium contains a relative small first dimension (e.g. thickness) and relatively large second and third dimensions (e.g. width and length). The skilled person will understand the term slab is used to refer to a slab-shaped component.
Detailed description
In overview, there is provided a method of using a slab laser gain medium by providing multiple paths through the gain medium, wherein the respective paths are non-overlapping or only partially overlapping. That is, the multiple paths are not collinear. At least a first trajectory or path through the gain medium comprises a zigzag trajectory or path. A zigzag trajectory is a trajectory in which the light passes from one side of the gain medium to the other by way of a series of internal reflections with first and second surfaces of the gain medium. Such a zigzag trajectory will be familiar to the skilled person in the field of slab laser gain mediums and optical fibres, for example.
S Figure 1 shows a slab laser gain medium 101 having a longitudinal axis wherein the two smallest faces of the slab gain medium 101 form an input face 113 and an output face 1.15, respectively. The slab gain medium is arranged to receive an input light beam 103 as an input and output an output light beam 111.
The input face 113 is angled to receive an input laser beam 103, parallel to the longitudinal axis, for example, at an angle equal to or greater than the critical angle for total internal reflection. As the skilled person will understand, alternatively, total internal reflection may be achieved by using a regular right-angled slab and introducing the input laser beam at the critical angle, or greater. The slab gain medium 101 is arranged to transmit the received laser beam along a first trajectory lOSa from the input face 113 to the output face 115 via a series of internal reflections. The slab resides between two angled mirrors, 107 and 109, positioned on the longitudinal axis, and adjacent the first face 113 and second face 115, respectively.
Mirror 109 is positioned at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis so as to receive light from the output lace 115 which has followed the first trajectory lOSa and redirect that light back through the slab gain medium on a second trajectory lOSb to input face 113. Likewise, mirror 107 is positioned at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis so as to receive light from the input face 113 which has followed the second trajectory 105b and redirect that light back through the slab gain medium on a third trajectory lOSc to output face 115. The mirrors 107 and 109 are arranged such that light makes two further passes, along trajectories lOSd and lOSe, to form output light beam 111.
After entering the slab gain medium at input face 113, the laser beam follows a zigzag trajectory lOSa through the medium by way of a series of internal reflections. The second trajectory 105b does not overlap with the first trajectory lOSa. In total, figure 1 shows that the laser beam is redirected back through the gain medium four times by the mirrors, with each new pass following a different, non-overlapping zigzag trajectory. The resulting output light beam 111 emerges out of output face 115 having been amplified through the gain medium. -There is therefore provided a method of using a slab laser gain medium, the method comprising: transmitting a light beam through the slab laser gain medium on a first trajectory, wherein the first trajectory comprises a zigzag trajectory; and redirecting the light beam back through the slab laser gain medium on a second trajectory.
It can be understood that light passes from a first side of the slab gain medium to a second side of the gain medium along (or "on") a first trajectory (or "path"). That is, the light beam passes out of the other side of the gain medium. The light beam enters the gain medium on one face and passes out of the gain medium from ahother face. Having exited the gain medium on the other face, the light beam is directed back into the gain.medium. The light beam then follows a second trajectory (or "path") through the gain medium and exits the gain medium once again. The first trajectory is a zigzag path comprising a series of internal reflections with alternate opposing surfaces of the gain medium.
It can be understood that whilst figure 1 shows five zigzag passes through the slab gain medium, any number of passes may be used in accordance with the present disclosure. That is, the method or device may comprise a plurality of further trajectories. In other embodiments, the second to fifth passes, or further trajectories, are not zigzag trajectories.
However, there is shown an embodiment in which the light on the second trajectory also travels through the gain medium by a series of total internal reflections. That is, in an embodiment, the second trajectory comprises a zigzag trajectory.
It can therefore be understood that, in embodiments, the zigzag trajectory of the first and/or second trajectory comprises a series of internal reflections between a first surface and a second surface of the slab laser gain medium.
The skilled person will understand that the slab gain medium is a higher refractive index than its surroundings so that total internal reflection may take place at the interface between the slab and its surroundings. In other embodiments, the slab may also contain regions of lower refractive index material providing there is higher refractive index material at the points of internal reflection. In an embodiment, the slab is surrounded by air and the slab has a refractive index greater than 1. In other embodiments, the slab may be contained, or be "sandwiched", between two other materials such as undoped laser crystals or of lower refractive index than the slab such as transparent glasses,
S
sapphire and/or diamond. Advantageously, these materials may provide more efficient heat extraction than air.
In an advantageous embodiment, the first trajectory and the second trajectory are non-overlapping or only partially overlapping. In other words, the first and second trajectories are not fully overlapping or collinear. Thus, a different region of the gain medium is exposed to the light beam on the second trajectory than was on the first trajectory. That is, the volume of the gain medium on the first trajectory is not the same as the volume of gain medium on the second trajectory. Accordingly, in an embodiment, the first trajectory is different to the second trajectory.
The embodiment shown utilises two mirror, however, the skilled person.will understand that only one mirror may be required if only two passes through the gain medium are made. The skilled person will also understand that any reflector having the desired optical properties, including reflectivity, at the laser wavelength and the necessary laser-induced damage threshold may be equally suitable for redirecting the light beam back into the gain medium. The skilled person will also understand that the mirror is chosen and aligned based on the wavelength of the light beam and the geometry of the gain medium, for example.
There is therefore provided an optical clement arranged to receive the light beam transmitted through the slab laser gain medium on the first trajectory and redirect the light beam back through the slab laser gain medium on a second trajectory.
In other embodiments, the optical element is a reflective coating on the slab.
In an embodiment, the light beam may originate from a laser. Accordingly, in an embodiment, the light beam is a laser beam.
The gain medium may be any optical medium or any laser gain medium which can be formed into a slab shape and be used to transmit the light beam by a series of internal reflections. For example, the slab gain medium may be Nd:YAG, Nd:YVO4, Nd:Giass, Yb:YAG, Er:VAG or any active gain medium made of crystal or glass material. Also, the gain medium may be a sandwich medium -such as undoped-doped-doped or sapphire-doped-sapphire or diamond-doped-diamond -particularly if the trajectories are along the width (second longest) or length (longest) direction of the sandwiched doped medium or multiple sandwiched doped medium.
The skilled person will understand that the shape of the laser beam can be defined by the relative angle and curvature of the mirrors used to define the different trajectories within the slab gain medium. --
S
The skilled person will understand that the laser pin medium in accordance with the present disclosure may be pumped in any suitable fashion such as with diodes at the edge or through a lens
duct, for example.
The invention is not restricted to the described embodiments but extends to the full scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
- Claims 1. A method of using a slab laser gain medium, the method comprising: transmitting alight beam through the slab laser gain medium on a first trajectory, S wherein the first trajectory cornprisesa zigzag trajectory; and redirecting the light beam back through the slab laser gain medium on a second trajectory.
- 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the second trajectory comprises a zigzag trajectory.
- 3. The method of any preceding claim wherein the zigzag trajectory of the first and/or second trajectory comprises a series of internal reflections between a first surface and a second surface of the slab laser gain medium.
- 4. The method of any preceding claim wherein the slab laser gain medium is sandwiched between two materials of lower refractive index.
- 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the materials of lower refractive index are at least one selected from the group comprising: undoped laser crystals, transparent glasses, sapphire and diamond.
- 6. The method of any preceding claim wherein the first trajectory is different to the second trajectory
- 7. An optical arrangement for a slab laser gain medium, the optical arrangement comprising: a slab laser gain medium arranged to transmit a light beam through the slab laser gain medium on a first trajectory, wherein the first trajectory comprises a zigzag trajectory; and an optical element arranged to receive the light beam transmitted through the slab laser gain medium on the first trajectory and redirect the light beam back through the s!ab laser gain medium on a second trajectory.
- 8. The optical arrangement of claim 7 wherein the second trajectory comprises a zigzag trajectory.
- 9. The optical arrangement of claim 7 orS wherei.n the zigzag trajectory of the first and/or second trajectory comprises a series of internal reflections between a first surface and a second surface of the slab laser gain medium.S10. The optical arrangement of any one of claims 7 to9 wherein the first trajectory is different to the second trajectory.11. The optical arrangement of any one of claims 7 to LU wherein the optical element is a mirror.12. The optical arrangement of any one of the claims 7 to 10 wherein the optical element is a reflective coating on the slab.13. The optical arrangement of any one of claims 7 to 12 wherein the light beam is a laser beam.14. A method of using a slab laser gain medium or optical arrangement substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB201303129A GB2513098A (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2013-02-21 | A method of using a slab-shaped optical medium |
| PCT/GB2014/050540 WO2014128499A1 (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2014-02-21 | Multi-pass slab amplifier with zig-zag paths |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB201303129A GB2513098A (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2013-02-21 | A method of using a slab-shaped optical medium |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201303129D0 GB201303129D0 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
| GB2513098A true GB2513098A (en) | 2014-10-22 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB201303129A Withdrawn GB2513098A (en) | 2013-02-21 | 2013-02-21 | A method of using a slab-shaped optical medium |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2513098A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2014128499A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104485571A (en) * | 2014-12-26 | 2015-04-01 | 南京中科神光科技有限公司 | Compact-type batten laser amplification device capable of realizing high beam quality |
| CN108879311B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-04-10 | 北京遥测技术研究所 | Pumping coupling device and method for slab-shaped laser crystal |
| CA3149351A1 (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-02-04 | IDEA machine development design AND production ltd. | Disc laser |
| CN114336255B (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2024-08-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optical fiber amplifying device |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5034627A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1991-07-23 | Thomson-Csf | Power laser generator with control of the direction of emission of the output beam |
| US5479430A (en) * | 1995-02-07 | 1995-12-26 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Protective coating for solid state slab lasers |
| US6134258A (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 2000-10-17 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Transverse-pumped sLAB laser/amplifier |
| US20050111510A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-05-26 | Tsinghua University | Corner-pumping method and gain module for solid state slab laser |
| US20060114961A1 (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-06-01 | Manni Jeffrey G | High-gain diode-pumped laser amplifier |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0799358A (en) * | 1993-09-29 | 1995-04-11 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | Solid state-laser system |
| US6442186B1 (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2002-08-27 | Peter Vitruk | Stable multi-fold telescopic laser resonator |
| US6798816B2 (en) * | 2002-10-21 | 2004-09-28 | Coherent, Inc. | Folded tapered-waveguide CO2 laser |
-
2013
- 2013-02-21 GB GB201303129A patent/GB2513098A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-02-21 WO PCT/GB2014/050540 patent/WO2014128499A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5034627A (en) * | 1989-03-31 | 1991-07-23 | Thomson-Csf | Power laser generator with control of the direction of emission of the output beam |
| US5479430A (en) * | 1995-02-07 | 1995-12-26 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Protective coating for solid state slab lasers |
| US6134258A (en) * | 1998-03-25 | 2000-10-17 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Transverse-pumped sLAB laser/amplifier |
| US20050111510A1 (en) * | 2003-11-21 | 2005-05-26 | Tsinghua University | Corner-pumping method and gain module for solid state slab laser |
| US20060114961A1 (en) * | 2004-11-26 | 2006-06-01 | Manni Jeffrey G | High-gain diode-pumped laser amplifier |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014128499A1 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
| GB201303129D0 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
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