GB2509307A

GB2509307A - Training apparatus for scrums or mauls to encourage even application of force

Info

Publication number: GB2509307A
Application number: GB1220829.4A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Richard John Gray
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-11-20
Filing date: 2012-11-20
Publication date: 2014-07-02
Anticipated expiration: 2032-11-20
Also published as: GB201619684D0; GB201706334D0; GB2548724B; GB201220829D0; GB2548724A; GB2542710B; GB2542710A; GB2509307B

Abstract

A training apparatus for scrums or mauls in contact sports such as rugby or American football, comprising at least one upright contact member 7 mounted in relation to a base plate 5 having at least one ground engaging member 3, wherein the base plate and/or ground engagement member is configured so as to enable rotational movement of the apparatus upon application of an uneven distribution of force against the at least one contact member thus providing a means by which improved technique for mauls, scrums and phase plays in sports such as rugby can be developed by the dynamic transfer of the cumulative effect of the scrum or maul in team training of phase plays. In addition, the contact member 7 may be attached to the base plate 5 by dynamic means such as a spring 9 to allow movement of the impact surface 15 in 3 dimensions.

Description

Training Apparatus

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to the field of training apparatus. More particularly, it relates to a training apparatus for contact sports, such as rugby, and to methods of training for contact sports.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Contact or impact sports such as rugby (Rugby Union and Rugby League), American football, Aussie Rules football and Gaelic football involve various plays which require specific training to master and excel at. In rugby, these include line-outs, scrums, rucks and mauls and defensive and attacking plays. To assist training in some plays, such as scrums, apparatus has been developed to improve strength and technique in that play. However, there has been little progress in developing apparatus specifically to enhance technique in racks and mauls, which are increasingly evident in the modem game of rugby.

Over time, many contact sports, such as the game of Rugby Union, are continually being developed to create a faster more dynamic form by law-makers, coaches and players. The object of these developments is to have a game with fewer prolonged stoppages thus becoming more exciting for both the player and the spectator. The future game will continue to become faster both in player decision making and action. Players will have to become more technically proficient in all skills relating to the game and must be specifically conditioned to play in this ever changing, challenging and demanding contact sport environment.

Areas of contact sports, such as Rugby Union, which are of increasing importance are the "collision" areas and the maul. With the introduction of new laws relating to the collision area in Rugby Union, there are now significantly more rueks, mauls and phases resulting in players having to be more dynamic and accurate within this area of play as well as physically cope with the demands of this type of game.

A maul is a phasc of play where at least three players from either side, who must remain on their feet, are in physical contact close around the ball in hand. The object is to gain some forward momentum to gain territory, cross the tnt line to then score a try or to release the ball to team mates. Like the nick, all players must join the maul from behind the hindmost' foot of the last player, known as the gate'. They must bind with one arm around a team-mate and may not join from the sides. If the maul goes to wound and the ball does not come out, the referee will award a scrum to the team that he considers to have the greater forward momentum in the maul.

Defences have become more organised and the individual tackling techniques and conditioning of the players within the defensive system have made a major improvement within this area of the game which is now far more structured, although the challenge for coaches and players is now to break these systems down with fluid perpetual attacking play.

Although major emphasis is placed on the collision area being a direct result of quality defences, tackler etc., it also falls into an important attacking priority for the team (rucks, mauls, phase play). If you want to play a fast dynamic game, your players must be able to clear the collision area quickly and effectively with minimum playing numbers and be able to free up the ball either by hand to hand or clearance thus allowing the game to continue at a tempo that can quickly change the area of attack for your team.

Several attempts have been made to develop apparatus for training in contact sports and in particular plays in, for example, rugby, such as scrum sleds or nick machines. Examples include the Powa ScrurniM Sled (http:/!www.powa rngby.co.nz!powa-scmm-sled-mck-machine-p-4.html) from Powa Products International, which comprises a series of upright pads mounted on a wheeled sled and the Rhino Ruck Net TM (http:/!www.rhinorugby. corn/product/rhino nick net), which comprises a raised netting supported by a series of steel poles. The netting is intended to be set at such a height that the player must maintain a certain body height in order to be able to enter the ruck area. The Predator! Ruckmaster'M sled, which is shown at w.predator.uk.comImckmaster has four upright pads that are movcablc in the vertical and horizontal direction and is claimed to improve all aspects of rucking technique. However, whilst this, as with the other mentioned devices, can be used for practising certain techniques, it does not adequately mimic a teal in-game collision, scrum or maul.

The present inventor has devised an apparatus that enables iwproved training in serums and mauls that address weaknesses in prior art apparatus.

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED BY TIlE INVENTION There is a need lbr apparatus to improve technique and to enhance training in contact sports, in particular for mauls and scnims in rugby and scrimmage in American Football.

It is an object of this invention to provide a sports training apparatus that can be used in developing technique in the collision area of contact sports, such as the serum or maul.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a sports training apparatus and method to improve individual and team technique in effectiveness of phase play aspects of Rugby Union.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a training apparatus comprising at least one upright contact member mounted in relation to a base member (preferably a base plate) having at least one ground engaging member, wherein the base member (or base plate) and/or ground engagement member is configured so as to enable rotational movement of the apparatus upon application of an uneven distribution of force or load against the at least one contact member.

In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a training apparatus comprising a mounting frame mounted on a base member (or base plate) having at least one ground engaging member and at least one contact head element dynamically mounted in relation to the mounting frame, wherein the contact head clement is mounted on the mounting frame so as to enable the contact head element to move in three dimensions relative to the mounting frame.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION

The training apparatus of the present invention provides a means by which improved technique for mauls, serums and phase plays in sports such as rugby can be developed. By providing a base plate and!or ground engaging member of a base plate configured to enable rotational movement of the apparatus when uneven distribution of force is applied to the at least one contact member, the cumulative effect and team effect of the serum or maul is dynamically transferred to the movement of the apparatus and the apparatus can be used to train in improved team training in phase plays. By providing a contact head element dynamically mounted to a mounting frame on a base plate such that the contact head element is moveable in three dimensions relative to the mounting frame, the apparatus becomes responsive to all variances of player interaction with the apparatus and enab'es training to improve technique.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a front perspective view of a training apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is an upper rear perspective view of a contact head element portion of a training apparatus according to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a side view of a contact head element of a training apparatus according to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 1; Figure 4 is a front view of a training apparatus according to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 1; Figure 5 is a side view of a training apparatus according to another aspect of invention; Figurcs 6a, 6b and 6c arc front perspective, cross section and partially transparent views of a cylindrical padded elongate training member according to a yet further aspect of invention; Figure 7 is a perspective view of a collision training apparatus according to a yet flirt her aspect of invention; and Figure Sa and Sb illustrate in front and side aspect respectively a sports training shield according to a yct frirther aspect of invcntion.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The training apparatus according to each aspect of the present invention is adaptable or may be adapted for use in training, coaching and technique development for several contact sports, where collision' or phase plays are important, such as Rugby Union, Rugby League and American Football. It is particularly useful for usc in developing technique where effectiveness of collision, phase plays and speed of clearance is an important element, such as in Rugby Union.

The training apparatus in accordance with one aspect of the invention comprises at least one upright contact or collision member, typically a padded contact or collision member, mounted in relation to a base member (preferably in the form of a base plate) having at least one ground engaging member, which may be simply the planar under-surface of a base plate, wherein the base plate and/or ground engagement member is configured so as to enable rotational movement of the apparatus upon application of an uneven distribution of force against thc at least onc contact or collision membcr.

The training apparatus in accordance with another aspect of the invention comprises a mounting frame mounted on a base member (preferably in the form of a base plate) having at least one ground engaging member, which mounting frame is preferably generally upright or has a generally upright portion (by which it is meant the frame or portion thereof defines a planar surface which is generally upright), wherein the apparatus further comprises at least one contact head element (or collision element) dynamically mounted in relation to the mounting frame, whcrein the contact head element (or collision element) is mounted on the mounting frame so as to enable the contact head element (or collision element) to move in three dimensions relative to the mounting frame.

In a preferred embodiment (or preferred aspect), the apparatus comprises both aspects mentioned above, namely the apparatus preferably comprises a mounting frame mounted on a base plate having at least one ground engaging member and dynamically mounted in relation to the mounting frame a contact head element having (or provided thereon) at least one upright contact member (or collision member) which contact head element is mounted so as to enable movement of the contact head clement in three dimensions relative to the mounting frame and wherein the base plate and/or ground engaging member is configured so as to enable rotational movement of the apparatus upon application of an uneven distribution of force against the at least one contact member and/or against the contact head element and thus the mounting frame. Such an arrangement provides a dynamic training apparatus that is responsive to the balance, shape and technique used in training formations and game play formations and is much more representative of actual game play situations where the opposing team is not simply linearly responsive.

The apparatus according to the above aspects of the invention is particular applicable to the maul aspect of rugby game play and training therefor as well as for the scrum.

The apparatus enables training of individual and collective unit technique to improve performance in the maul and scram aspects of rugby play.

Training in formations and individual technique, communication and control using the dynamically responsive apparatus of the present invention can enable the maul to become an attacking threat giving the attacking team outstanding control and ability to manipulate the opposition. The outcome results in the ability to attack planned areas of opposition weakness; manipulate opposition defences, and create mismatches and attacking space in both tight and wide channels. The apparatus of the present invention assists coaches and players in the practice of group formation, individual roles and dynamic movement within the maul or serum structure, whilst at the same time putting players under continual pressure.

The apparatus may be capable of improving the following features of maul training: * The ability for the coach to train consistent neutral body height and re-shaping within Maul formation; * Leg drive and leg speed, shape and re-shape; * Staying on your feet, while remaining in neutral drive position whilst under pressure; * Working on initial set-up, staying strong and with desired shape within Maul; * Strong hand-grip placement around, under and within the Maul; * Individual head movement within Maul set-up; * Unit communication, set-up and execution; * Individual Maul technique; * Multi player Maul technique; and * Maul manipulation (straight drive, left& right roll and defensive strategies) Details and embodiments of the features mentioned and further features are hereafter described in relation to each of the aspects of the invention whether as separate aspects or in combination.

The base member or base plate may be any suitable shape and have any suitable configuration of ground engaging members to enable the apparatus to rotate when an unevenly distributed load is applied to a contact face of a contact head element (or contact member) mounted in relation thereto. For example, the ground engaging members may be a plurality of casters, bearing or wheels configured to allow rotational movement during use. In a prcfencd embodiment, however, the underside of the baseplate forms the ground engaging members or undulations therein or protrusions therefrom. The shape of the baseplate, or the shape of the distribution of wound engaging protrusions, in such circumstances may be any such shape as to enable forward movement (being the direction perpendicular to the primary contact face of the contact head element) of the apparatus whilst also enabling rotational movement of the device about the base plate. The baseplate (or ground engaging protrusion distribution) may be, for example, a tapered shape (preferably tapering toward the distal end, i.e. away from the contact head element or contact member) such as a triangle or a trapezium or may be an oval shape, a circle or semi-circle, or circular segment or circular sector.

In one embodiment, the base member is an elongate base member that is longitudinally tapered whereby the proximal portion (that closer the contact head element) is relatively broad and the distal portion is relatively narrow. By providing this longitudinally tapered or arrowhead' design, movement in a longitudinal direction may be maximized by good' and strong contact with the contact members and/or contact head element. If users do not make contact with the contact member(s) in the optimal technical position or arrangement the impact will be lessened through the apparatus. Ifthe balance of the load placed on the contact head element by the users is not even, the apparatus may slide sideways, i.e. rotate about the base member or axis thereof Thereby, the apparatus encourages and trains the users to make contact with the contact member(s) in an optimal and controlled fashion. Such a tapered base element may be of any suitable length and angle of taper. The base element optionally may taper out to a broader distal portion for use in beginners' training whereby any non-longitudinal movement of the base element is reduced even by imbalanced load or sub-optimal usage (i.e. the apparatus is de-scnsitised). Preferably, however, the base element tapers hi for at least a portion of its length from the proximal portion to the distal portion, preferably a substantial portion of its length (e.g. at least two thirds, more preferably at least three quarters) and most preferably substantially its entire length.

The angle of taper may be selected to be any suitable angle, e.g. from 30° to 120° (to include tapering out) preferably to 90° (no taper), more preferably from 45° to 90° (for example, in the range 45° to 60° for a very responsive apparatus that requires very good technique to prevent or minimise non-longitudinal movement of the apparatus, suitable for advanced users or where the angle of approach is a focal point of the training), preferably in the range 600 or 750 to 800 or 85° and most preferably in the range 80° to 85°. Optionally, the base member may be configured to allow adjustment of the angle of taper according to a particular requirement. In embodiments where the base member is not fixed, it is preferred that it is configured with a taper angle of 80° to 850.

Preferably the base plate and/or contact engaging members define a circle.

The baseplate is preferably sized to provide sufficient balance to the system and to reduce the likelihood of tipping over. For example, it may be 2 to 4 metres at its widest point (e.g. 2-4 m diameter), e.g. 2.5-3.Sm. Optionally, one or more weights, e.g. weight plate fittings, water bladders or equivalent, may be provided on the base member, e.g. at the proximal portion or distributed along the length, such that weights may be added to increase the weight of the apparatus to simulate different weights of opposition. In use, the weight of the basic apparatus can be supplemented with added weights as mentioned above to suit the player using the apparatus or the scenario being simulated.

As mentioned above, the nature and configuration of the ground engaging surface of the base plate, e.g. the contact surface of the base panel member, may (at least in part) control the degree of resistance to movement of the apparatus in one or more directions along a training surface (e.g. turf). Optionally, the contact surface may be configured with base surface protrusions or contours which impart resistance to movement. Preferably, the shape and configuration of the base surface protrusions or contours may be selected to control resistance in different directions. Preferably, ridges or fins are provided on the contact surface, which preferably protrude downward and, to at least some degree, toward the proximal end (whereby they don't dig in and prevent all movement). The ridges or fins may be curved but are preferably straight and angled at a certain or varied angles to the longitudinal direction in the range from 0° to 90°. The position and angle of fins may be provided according to the desired effect on resistance to movement in longitudinal and non-longitudinal directions. For example, fins substantially parallel with (i.e. at 00 to) the longitudinal direction will favour longitudinal movement and resist non-longitudinal movement. Fins substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction will resist longitudinal movement and favour non-longitudinal movement. Hence the selection of fin position and configuration may allow the sensitivity of the apparatus to be controlled.

Preferably, fins may be provided in the range 00 to 90°, more preferably from 300 to 600, e.g. about 45° in either orientation, but typically symmetrically along the longitudinal axis. Optionally, the protrusions or fins may be adjustable or deployable (e.g. the number or orientation of fins may varied to vary the sensitivity of response of the apparatus and the depth maybe adjusted to account for the nature of the surface and need for resistance).

In one embodiment, the contact surface of the base panel member is provided with a contoured checquered surface in order to impart resistance to movcment on, for examplc, a grass surfacc. Prefcrably, a chcck of 4 to 8 mm (e.g. 6mm) is provided which is 3 to 6mm (e.g. 4.5 mm) on flat.

The base member may be constructed from any suitable material, e.g. compositc matcrial, protrudcd or extruded resin composite (e.g. with glass fibre, carbon fibre etc), or metal (e.g. steel) parts. The componeilts may be formed of solid, shaped or hollow sections. Preferably, base member comprises a base frame of stccl square or rectangular hollow sections. Thc base plate mcmber may be a moulded plastic or composite element, or a shaped sheet steel element and is preferably a mild steel plate element which preferably has a 6 mm check (with 4.5 mm on flat).

A contact licad clement is prcfcrably provided for the users to makc contact with or collide with during training. The contact head typically comprises or is provided with onc or rnorc likely a plurality of contact mcrnbcrs in thc form of covered pads, for example, optionally covered pads provided with frame members which are mountable or demountable onto a frame of the contact head element. A contact head is mounted in relation to a base member, such as a base plate.

Typically, thc basc plate has formcd thcrcon a mounting framc which is fixedly mounted to the base plate. The mountillg frame typically -10-comprises a mounting portion onto which a contact head or a plurality of contact may be mounted, optionally in a fixed or moveable marmer. The mounting portion is typically upright, preferably vertical, and disposed off centre relative to the base plate (and, in particular defining a fore portion of the device being the end of the device from which users will contact it). The mounting frame may optionally be adjustable so as to adjust the angle of the mounting frame so that it may be inclined backward (i.e. inclined away from a user facing a contact member as looking from base to top) or may be inclined forward. The mounting frame is preferably configured for receipt of a contact head element.

Typically, on mounting to the mounting frame, the contact head element is suspended thereon by which it is meant that its only support is that provided by the mounting frame.

The contact head element is preferably dynamically mounted in relation to the mounting frame, by which it is meant mounted such that the contact head element is configured to be moveable during use in one, two or three dimensions, or a combination, relative to the mounting frame.

For example, the contact head clement may be configured for movement in a longitudinal direction, by which it is meant a direction perpendicular to the plane of the contact head element and in the general direction of intended movement of the device (back and forth, in other words) and/or in a lateral direction being a generally horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and/or in a vertical direction by which it is meant up and down relative to the view of the user. Optionally, the contact head element may also be configured to be able to twist about a horizontal lateral axis and! or about a vertical axis and/or about a longitudinal axis.

The movement of the contact head clement relative to the mounting frame may be enabled by the features of a mounting means, or supporting arrangement, by which the contact head element is mounted to the mounting frame.

The mounting means may be any suitable means by which the contact head element may be mounted onto a mounting frame whilst enabling the desired movement, during use, of the contact head element relative to the mounting frame and preferably has a resiliently compressible quality (especially in the longitudinal direction). The mounting means may comprise, for example, any one or combination of: a stiff resiliently compressible gel (e.g. with sufficient viscosity and!or reinforcement, such as with loose fibres, for example, to be substantially self-supporting) and mounted preferably in a flexible bag, housing or container tow which the mounting frame and contact head element may be attached and by which they may be separated; an hydraulic arrangement with, for example, binges and bearings linking the mounting frame and the contact head element; or a dynamically resiliently compressible element arrangements such as a muhi-spring arrangement and more preferably a three spring arrangement.

Preferably the multi-spring arrangement is the mounting means.

Preferably, the multi-spring arrangement is set in an optimum position to bring about three key movement principles: downward left and right twist upward left and right twist; and straight drive, which affect the overall movement patterns of the maul and transfer of weight from players through the apparatus. As such, a spring arrangement is configured to achieve that, which arrangement comprises a generally downwardly tapering arrangement of springs from a broad upper arrangement to a narrow lower arrangement. Preferably, the arrangement of springs is triangular and comprises two upper springs and a lower spring, together providing the relative movement and support for the contact head element to the mounting frame.

Optionally, the contact head element is adjustable in height, that is the height at which it is suspended when mounted on the mounting frame, which is optionally achieved by mounting the contact head clement to an adjustable member held within the frame which may be adjustable by moving along a supporting track,

for example.

The contact head element typically comprises a frame member or panel member of any suitable material (such as the material used for the base plate), such as steel, which is optionally substantially planar or with a slight curve and having mounted thereon one padded contact member or plurality of padded contact members. Where a plurality of padded members are employed, these may -12-be mounted in a fixed relationship with respect to the panel or frame member of the contact head element or may be moveable in use in one, two or three dimensions (e.g. longitudinally, laterally and/or vertically). Preferably, the contact head element may be configured for adjustment, replacement and reconfiguration of the contact members. For example, the contact head element may be provided with four primary protruding, substantially rectangular prismic, contact members separated by three subsidiary contact members. However, the primary contact members may be substituted with alternative contact members of different shapes according to the training required and/or the subsidiary contact members may be removed to reveal gaps for use of the apparatus as a serum training apparatus.

Further the configuration may be changed or adjustable for differing numbers of contact members.

Preferably, the contact head is provided with one or a plurality of grip members, which grip members are preferably disposed to enable a user to grip the grip member(s) at one or a plurality of positions, about its lateral edges and optionally upper and lower edges. Preferably, grip members are provided at a plurality of positions about the contact head element. In one embodiment, grip members are provided by single grip bar, e.g. curved grip bar, which provides a plurality of grip members (or is provided as a single grip member a plurality of grip zones). The grip members are preferably selected from a lateral grip members, upper grip members and lower grip members. By providing a plurality of grip members, a player after having made initial contact can make a choice on different types of hand placement by gripping the grip member(s) at different positions.

Preferably the grip members are configured to allow relative movement of the grip member, preferably rotation, to enable a player to work on strong hand placement while keeping correct body position throughout the training and the use of the apparatus. Gripping of moveable (e.g. rotatable) grip members mimic the gripping of team mates or opponents during live play. In one preferred embodiment, the relative movement of the grip members is provided by providing on one or a plurality of grip bars a plurality of grip pads fitted such as to allow movement and rotation of the pads about the grip bar(s). -13-

Preferably, the contact head element is at least as wide as the mounting frame. The contact head element may have a width that is from 0.75 to 1. 5 times the greatest width (e.g. diameter) of the base plate and more preferably at least 1 times and more preferably between 1.05 to 1.25 times the greatest width.

The mounting frame upright is preferably protruding upward from between 0.5 and 1 radii from the centre of a circular base plate. A frame member of a contact head clement is preferably disposed at least 1 radius and preferably between 1 and two radii from the centre of a circular base member or base plate (the part of the apparatus at which the contact head element is disposed may be defined as the front, whereas the direction in which in normal circumstances the apparatus is pushed during use may be defined as the forward, longitudinal, direction).

By upright, as used herein, it is meant generally upright as may be understood by a person in the art and, for the avoidance of doubt, within 45 degrees, preferably within 30 degrees of the vertical and preferably within 10 degrees of the vertical and preferably features referred to as upright are likely to be ideally vertical, but may or need not be.

A contact surface of a contact member may be any suitable shape, e.g. rectangular curved, uneven (with protrusions), etc. In one embodiment, a contact surface is curved. For example, the contact surface may be curved about a primary axis of the contact member. By providing curvature about a primary axis of the contact member, off-centre collisions may result in less forward (or longitudinal) movement of the contact member and more non-longitudinal movement. The accuracy of contacts or contact angle required may be increased (i.e. the apparatus made more sensitive to contact angle) by increasing the curvature (i.e. decreasing the radius of curvature) of the contact surface. It is envisaged that advanced players may benefit from a more-sensitive apparatus to enable them to hone their technique, whilst less experienced players may require some longitudinal movement response to improvements in technique.

The contact members uscablc in any of the embodiments may be formed of any suitable material that is suitable for receiving contact or collisions. -14-

Typically, the contact member is formed of a rigid frame (which provides the back of the member) and a pad element. The pad element may be, for example, a shaped cover (e.g. of leather or synthetic leather, such as PVC, or textile or fabric, as is known in the art) attachable or fixed to the rigid frame and stuffed with an appropriate filler (e.g. fibrous filler, fabrics, wool, reconstituted foam or shaped foamed plastic filler), or may be for example a shaped pad of resilient or resiliently compressible foam material (e.g. polyurethane) coated with a synthetic coating material or a cover (of, e.g. leather or synthetic leather, such as PVC, or textile or fabric, as is known in the art). Preferably the coating material is a laminate such as a woven or textile fabric with a PVC coating.

In a further aspect, there is provided a training apparatus comprising a base plate (which may be any suitable shape, such as square, rectangular or triangular but preferably substantially circular) and an arrangement (optionally any suitable arrangement, but preferably square or substantially circular) of gripping members mounted in relation to the baseplate, the arrangement of ipping members defining a plane that is longitudinally displaced from the base plate and substantially coaxial therewith. By longitudinally displaced therefrom, it is meant they are displaced in a longitudinal direction along the central axis of the (circular) base plate perpendicular to the plane of the base plate and, in other words, when the base plate is laid flat on the floor vertically displaced therefrom. Preferably, the base plate is from 1 to 3 meters in diameter, preferably 1.5 to 2.5 m. Preferably the normal width of the (typically circular or square) arrangement of gripping members is 10 to 50% greater than the diameter of the base plate.

Optionally, the plane of the gripping members is not parallel with the plane of the base plate such that the gripping members are effectively at different heights on different sides of the apparatus, or the plane is adjustable to be varied in angle with the plane of the base plate or individual gripping members are adjustable in height, whereby the height of gripping members on different sides of the apparatus may be varied such that training can be varied (or different -15-techniques can be practiccd). Preferably, however, thc gripping arrangement is in fixed relationship with the base plate. More preferably, the plane defined by the gripping arrangement is parallel with the plane defined by the base plate.

The gripping member arrangement is preferably a single circular or square gripping bar that is mounted in relation to the base plate by a plurality (e.g four) of mounting bars or a mounting frame element. The gripping member arrangement preferably defines a plane that is substantially parallel with the plane ofthe base plate and preferably the ipping member arrangement is vertically (i.e. longitudinally) disposed from the base plate a distance of from 30 cm to 2 m, preferably a distance in the range 50 cm to I m and more preferably 50 em to 75 cm. The base plate may be made of a material as described for base plates in relation to the inventions described above and further, whilst a flat undersurface is preferred, other arrangements of protrusions, etc from the underside of the base plate may be provided in a manner as described hereinbefore which disclosures in relation to the base plate should be considered separably and particularly applicable to the present aspect.

The base plate may be provided with a means for stacking weights (e.g. a cylindrical protrusion which weights with a circular aperture may be slotted onto) so that the difficulty of training may be varied.

The gripping bars or gripping arrangements may be rotationally moveable to make gripping strength more important, for example by providing bars with rotationally moveable loose fitting pads or padding.

The padding and coating may be of a form and material described above for other inventions.

A specific embodiment of this aspect is set forth in Figure 5.

In a yet further aspect, there is provided a collision training apparatus comprising a padded elongate member having a first end and a second end and having therebetween within the elongate member an elongate enclosed cavity containing a mobile material, which occupies a portion of the cavity.

Preferably, the collision training apparatus consists essentially of or consists of the padded elongate member described. -16-

The collision training apparatus may bc of any suitable size or shape, but is preferably elongate and preferably prismic and most preferably cylindrical. The collision training apparatus is preferably from 30 cm to 2 m in length and correspondingly 10 cm to I m in width, but more preferably at least 50 cm and most preferably from 75 cm to 1 m in length. Preferably, the apparatus is from 25 to 50 cm in width and more preferably 30 to 40 cm. The elongate enclosed cavity is preferably a sealed intemal container about which padding is disposed to form the apparatus.

The mobile material may be any suitable material capable of moving when the device is tipped or an equivalent change in force is applied. The mobile material may be, for example, a single solid form (e.g. a disc on a rod, or a large ball) or may comprise multiple parts (e.g. marbles) or may be particulate in nature (e.g. sand) or may be a liquid (e.g. water). Optionally, the mobile material is a weight formed on a rod fixedly mounted in the elongate cavity whereby the weight may move along the rod when the apparatus is tipped or other appropriate change in force is applied. Alternatively, the mobile material is sand or other suitable particular material or water (or other non-viscous liquid) which may move along the intemal cavity. Preferably, the mobile material is a flowable solid, such as sand.

In use, the collision training apparatus of this aspect may be provided in an upright (i.e. elongate direction upwards) configuration and the user may attempt to tackle' the padded member from the side as if it is another player (e.g. in Rugby) bringing it to ground in a manner whereby the apparatus is tipped so as to be grounded in a substantially horizontally extended position. During the change in force applied to the apparatus during the tackle' or collision, by virtue of tipping and striking the apparatus an equivalent force is applied to the mobile material within the internal cavity. As the player brings the apparatus to rest on the ground, the mobile material is typically caused to continue to move in the direction ofthe force, which is typically after a tackle along the length of the internal cavity and as it strikes the other end of the internal cavity, the mobile material applies a corresponding force (a supplemental force) to the padded member surrounding it causing it to move flirther in the direction of the original tackle' or collision (a -17-supplemental movement). This makes holding the apparatus during and after the tackle' more difficult and somewhat mimics the sfruggle and effort of a tackled player during the game of Rugby. Thus, the apparatus maybe useful in training for improved holding technique and holding strength during and after tackle.

Optionally the amount or weight of mobile material may be variable or adjustable by providing access to open the internal cavity, whereby the power of the supplemental force and quantum of supplemental movement may be varied as desired.

A specific embodiment of this aspect is set forth in Figure 6.

In a yet further aspect of invention, there is provided a collision training apparatus comprising a padded elongate body having a first end and a second end and a side surface defining the surface of the body between the first and second ends being capable of being stood, self-supporting, on its first andior second end, wherein the apparatus frirther comprises at least one gripping protrusions formed on or part of the side surface. The gripping protrusion(s) should be sized so as to be grippable, but preferably shaped so as not to aid gripping. The gripping protrusions may be removable (e.g. attached by zip clement or hook and loop arrangement), but preferably is fixedly formed onto or as part of the side surface. Preferably a plurality of gripping protrusions are provided, such as 2, 3 or 4 such protrusions and optionally 5 or more. Optionally, any arrangement of protrusions may be provided such as a plurality of semi-spherical protrusions (or cuboid equivalents) or an elongate helically arranged protrusion or protrusions. Preferably the protrusions arc elongate members (or fins) running along the side surface in a direction from one end to the other and preferably extending from one end to the other. The body member may be any suitable shape and may be irregular in shape but is preferably a prism and more preferably a cylinder. The protrusions (or fins) are preferably extending in a direction (longitudinal axis) substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the elongate body member. The protrusions, which are preferably padded members sewn or otherwise affixed onto the elongate body member, are of any suitable shape but are preferably of circular, semi circular or other curved cross-section. The training apparatus may be sized to any suitable dimension, but preferably, the length (end to end) is in the range 50 cm to 1.5 m, more preferably 60 to 80 cm, whilst the width (diameter in the case of a cylinder) of the body member is preferably from 20 to 50 cm, preferably 25 to 40 cm. The protrusions should in any case be sized to be capable of being gripped, such has having a width of 3 cm to 15 cm, preferably from 5 to 10 cm and preferably 6 to 8 em.

Thus, the apparatus may be used for training a player in techniques of tackling, gripping and holding during the game of rugby and improving, in particular gripping and turning techniques in a dynamic environment.

A specific embodiment of this aspect is set forth in Figure 7 In a yet further aspect of invention, there is provided a sports training shield and in particular a rugby training shield, which is formed of a padded body portion having protruding from one face thereof a plurality of padded elongate protrusions. The training shield finds particular utility in improving the ball handling skills of a player during the tackle by practicing using the shield in holding, moving and laying off or passing a ball in a tackle or collision situation with a trainer or colleague holding the shield. The plurality of padded elongate protrusions provides a more complex arrangement of potential interruptions to body and arm movement and ball offloading actions that serve to improve ball handling, sharpness and variation in technique. In use, a trainer holds the shield in the manner of a conventional training shield with the protrusions facing away from the trainer (and toward the approaching player), whilst a player attempts to deal with a potential collision ball in hand and to offload the ball during the tackle, faced with the plurality of protrusions. Any appropriate number of protrusions may be provided but preferably at least three and ideally four or five protrusions are -19-providcd. Thc shield body portion may have a circular, oval, triangular, square, rectangular or other regular or irregular shaped face, but is preferably rectangular.

The body portion of the shield preferably has a first face, from which the protrusions protrude, and optionally a second face of the aforementioned shape.

Typically the first and second faces of the body portion are rectangular. The protrusions are preferably of cylindrical profile emanating at different directions from the body portion. The preferably cylindrical protrusions may emanate at an angle of up to 45 degrees from the normal relative to the first face of the body portion, more preferably up to 30 degrees, at least ten and still more preferably in the range 15 to 30 degrees from the normal. Most preferably any cylindrical protrusions at an angle to the normal of the body portion face extend outward (that is the protrusions preferably extend away from each other).

Preferably the protrusions are of a diameter (or maximum profile cross-sectional width) of from 10 to 30, preferably 10 to 25 and more preferably 15 to 25 cm. Preferably the protrusions extend from the body portion by up to 75 cm, preferably at least 30 cm and most preferably in the range 50 to 60 cm. The body portion should be so sized to accommodate the number of protrusions of the desired size. Preferably, the body portions which is preferably generally cuboid in shape, has a first face of dimensions in the range 50 to 100 cm, more preferably 60 to 80 cm, e.g. about 75 cm by about 30 to 60 cm, more preferably 40 to 50 cm, e.g. about 45 cm.

In a particular preferred embodiment, the body portion has a oblong first face and a central protrusion formed thereon of about have the extent of the other protrusions, and ifirther protrusions generally emanating from proximal to each corner of the face, which further (corner) protrusions preferably emanate outward from the centre of the face by 15-30 degrees from the normal to the face.

The body portion is provided, on the back face and/or any one or more of the ends, with a means for holding or gripping the shield for the trainer, typically a strap such as an elasticated strap.

-20 -A specific embodiment of this aspect is set forth in Figure 8.

In a further embodiment, applicable to the invention and all the embodiments hereinbefore described, a training apparatus may be further provided with a sensor or arrangement of sensors for measuring, analysing and/or monitoring technique, performance and/or improvement over time.

According to this embodiment, there may be provided sensors at one or various locations about the contact surface of the apparatus, whereby point of contact may be determined, as well as possible additional data relating to duration of contact and strength of contact. Similarly, sensors maybeprovidedon the grip members (e.g. in padded elements provided on the grip members) to record where the grip takes place and optionally strength and duration of grip.

Optionally, the apparatus is provided with a sensor or device (e.g. in or in association with the base member) for determining one or more of distance, speed and direction of movement of the apparatus. Typically, the data generated by the sensor(s) will be transmitted by wireless communication via a receiver to e.g. a microprocessor. The data may then be analysed (e.g. by a software application) to determine factors of performance about the particular user, such as accuracy of hit and power within the initial hit, whether the power was maintained or fell away after initial impact, which grip members were used, the strength that was demonstrated and the distance, speed and direction in which the apparatus was moved. Thus the strengths and weaknesses of a particular player's technique can be measured and, for example, a profile created. Thus exercises to improve on weaknesses can be identified, such as through idcntiring changes that would improve the particular player's technique as well as strength and conditioning programmes to improve the player's performance.

Optionally, there may be further sensors (or electronics) to determine the movement achieved.

Analysis can be used to determine improvements in training methods (e.g. to learn about the most efficient techniques and adapt framing -21 -methods to accommodate them) as well as to adapt coaching on technique to meet a particular player's strengths and weaknesses thus maximizing each individual's potential. Further, methods may be developed for a particular team profile (collection of individual profiles) which may inform the most effective order and timing forjoining a collision event, such as a maul, in a game.

Sensors, typically pressure sensors, capable of determining applied pressure as well as, preferably, extent and duration of applied pressure should preferably be placed beneath the surface of the contact surface and, optionally, the grip members. Optionally, a multi-cell sensor element may be provided that covers a substantial portion and preferably the entire contact surface (and optionally the surface of the grip members) may be used and pressure data transmitted to a receiving device (e.g. a microprocessor) typically by wireless communication, where the data is analysed and presented back as output for immediate consumption by the user and/or the coach, c.g. in the form of number, graphs, charts or other visuals to illustrate the performance.

There is thus provided as a further aspect of the invention a training apparatus comprising one or a plurality of contact members mounted in relation to a base member as described above, the contact member having a collision surface for a user to contact with, characterized in that the contact surface is configured with one or a plurality of sensors for determining the location, degree and extent of the contact with the contact surface. The location is preferably identified as one or a plurality of portions of the contact surface. By the degree of contact it is meant the strength of contact and by extent of contact it is meant duration (or plot of degree of contact over time). Preferably, the apparatus is provided with one or a plurality of grip members, such as a grip bar provided with movable pads, which plurality of grip members is provided with sensors for determining the location, degree and extent of the contact with or grip on the grip members. Optionally, the base is provided with one or more sensors to determine the amount and direction of longitudinal and non-longitudinal movement of the apparatus during a collision event (from which may be produccd, e.g., a plot of position against time).

-22 -Preferably, thc apparatus has one or more ifirther features as hercinbefore described.

In a further aspect, there is provided a program for a computer configured to receive data from such sensors and according to a pre-determined format, provide an output (e.g. as a digital display).

Such data may be further utilized to monitor the improvement of a player over time and also the performance of a coach over time.

In a still flirther aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of training a person in improved maul or scrum technique, the method comprising: providing a training apparatus comprising one or a plurality of contact members mounted in relation to a base member or base plate and optionally one or a plurality of grip members associated with the contact member(s), the contact member (s) having a contact surface(s) for a user to collide with, which surface(s) and/or grip members arc configured with one or a plurality of sensors appropriately calibrated for determining the location, degree and extent of the contact with the contact surface(s) and/or grip members; providing a microprocessor in signal communication (e.g. by wireless communication) with the plurality of sensors and progrannned to interpret and/or analyse the sensor data; conducting one or a series of contact events in which the person follows a training instruction to contact with a contact member; analyzing the data associated with the one or series of contact events generated by the sensors and communicated to the microprocessor; determining weaknesses in the player technique or conditioning level by comparison of sets of the data with pre-determined (or calibrated) sets of target data associated with one or more player techniques or conditioning levels; and producing a technique or conditioning training schedule comprising training elements selected from a pie-determined set of training elements designed to improve certain weaknesses in technique or conditioning level. The person may then undertake training according to the training schedule and then may repeat the method above. Thus a new set of collision event data may be generated which may be compared with existing data sets, such as prc-detcrmined target data (to determine perceived weaknesses), the person's previous data (to determine -23 -improvement, over time and of the perceived weaknesses as a result of the targeted training) and team data.

The effectiveness of training method (or technique or conditioning schedules) andlor the effectiveness of the conditioning coach may be assessed by performance measurement. Further, the use of person data in the context of team data may be utilized to plan game play utilizing certain player strengths (e.g. the data may indicate that certain persons in a team are better at certain parts of the maul, serum or collision event, whilst other persons are better at other parts of the maul or serum event), which is thus a further method of the invention.

Sets of technique and performance data for persons and teams may be obtained and categorized according to a training exercise. These datasets, which are preferably tagged with surface condition data (e.g. if the ground is in a similar condition) may be used to assess improvement in individual and team technique, performance and conditioning, to assess effectiveness of training or conditioning (and training and conditioning coaches) and to plan most advantageous game play for a team.

The invention will now be described in more detail, without limitation, with reference to the accompanying Figures.

In Figures 1 to 4, a training apparatus I is illustrated according to one embodiment of the invention. A circular baseplate 3 has an upright mounting frame 5 fixed thereon which forms a support for a contact head element 7 dynamically mounted onto the mounting frame 5 by way of mounting means or support 9 which comprises of three large springs in an arrangement having two springs 11 toward the top and one spring 11 lower down in an equilateral triangle arrangement. The contact head clement 7 preferably comprises of a frame member 13, which is supported by the mounting means 9 in the form of a plurality of springs 11 themselves mounted to the mounting frame 5, and four changeable primary padded contact members 15 separated by three changeable subsidiary padded contact members 17 which optionally may be removed entirely. The arrangement and shape of contact members 15, 17 may be changed to address -24 -particular training objectives. The height of the contact head element 7 and the contact members 15, 17 may be adjusted to account for different training objectives or player size/age. To facilitate height change, the contact head member 7 is mounted via the mounting means 9 to an adjustable plate member 19 of the mounting frame 5, which adjustable plate member is disposed in a supporting track 21 of the mounting frames, whereby it may be moved up and down along the track 21 and fixed at any position or more likely at one of three to five pre-selectcd positions.

Grip members 23 are formed at the lateral edges of the contact head element 7 and protrude slightly frontward (toward the user) for gripping.

In use, a player formation training for a maul or scrum may engage the contact members 15,17 of the contact head element?. Should the formation as a whole or individual users not be holding their position in an ideal way the dynamically mounted contact head clement 7 may be inclined, for example, to twist down and right (due to the configuration of the springs 11). The users will then have to work hard to recover the desired position or further imbalance of the formation will incline the contact head element 7 to rotate about the circular base 3 instead of moving directly forward, responding in much the same way as the dynamic interaction with an opposing team during a maul or serum in rugby. The apparatus I can thus be used to train players for improved technique of dynamic maul or serum training that is akin to real game play.

In Figure 5, a training apparatus 25 according to another invention/aspect is illustrated. According to Figure 5, a training apparatus comprises a circular base plate 27 having disposed facially (or longitudinally or vertically) separated therefrom and mounted thereon a square gripping arrangement 29 upon which may be fitted rotationally moveable gripping pads (not shown), which gripping arrangement 29 comprises an oblong bar and mounted to the base plate by four mounting bars 31 connecting corners of the oblong gripping arrangement 29 and edges of the base plate 27. The gripping bar arrangement 29 has a normal length/width greater than the diameter of the circular base plate 27.

-25 -A weight mounting 33 in the form of a cylindrical protrusion from the centre of the circular base plate 27 is provided. Two or more users may grab different sides of the bar arrangement 29 and compete to move the apparatus 25 as agreed.

In Figures 6a, 6b and 6c, a training apparatus 25 according to another invention/aspect is illustrated. According to Figure 6a, a training apparatus comprises a cylindrical padded elongate member 35 having a first end 37 and an opposing second end 39. In Figure ob, a cross-section of Figure ôa, it can be seen that within a padded portion 41 is an enclosed cylindrical cavity 43 defined byan internal cylindrical container 45. The cylindrical cavity 43, also shown in Figure 6c in which the cylindrical padded elongate member is rendered see-through, is suitable for containing a mobile material such as a fluid material like sand or water (not shown) for moving along the direction illustrated by directional arrow 47 to effect a supplementary force or movement during use, when a changing force and changing direction of force is applied to the apparatus akin to a tackle' in rugby.

In Figure 7, a collision training apparatus 49 has a padded elongate cylindrical body 51 having a first end 53 and second end 54 and body surface 55 and formed on the body surface four padded elongate euboid gripping protrusions 57 extending longitudinally from the first end 53 to the second end 54 and having a longitudinal axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the elongate cylindrical body.

In use, the apparatus 49 may be stood on one end 53,54 and tackled' by a player with a view to gripping at least one gripping protrusion and turning and holding the apparatus during the tackle' thus exercising and practicing tackle technique, gripping technique and holding strength.

In Figures Sa and Sb, a sports training shield 59, for use in particular in rugby training for improving the handling and offloading ofa ball during a tackle/collision event, comprises a cuboid body portion 61 with a first front facing face 63 and a second rear facing face 65 behind which a trainer may -26 -stand to hold the shield 59 and formed on the second face 65 a strap 67 for a trainer to hold the shield. Protruding from the first face 57 are a central cylindrical short form padded protrusion 69 extending from a central portion of the first face and four peripheral outwardly angled long form padded protrusions 71 extending from the first face portions proximal each corner of the first face and at an angle outward from the centre of the face of about 15 to 30 degrees from the normal to the face. In use, a trainer holds the shield 59 in the manner of a conventional training shield with the protrusions 69, 71 facing away from the trainer (and toward the approaching player), whilst a player attempts to deal with a potential collision ball in hand and to offload the ball during the tackle, faced with the plurality of protrusions 69, 71 the plurality of padded elongate protrusions 69, 71 provides a more complex arrangement of potential interruptions to body and arm movement and ball offloading actions, that serve to improve ball handling, sharpness and variation in technique.

The invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment. However, it will be appreciated that variations and modifications can be effected by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

-27 -

Claims

CLAIMS: 1. A training apparatus comprising at least one upright contact member mounted in relation to a base plate having at least one ground engaging member, wherein the base plate and/or ground engagement member is configured so as to enable rotational movement of the apparatus upon application of an uneven distribution of force against the at least one contact member.
2. A training apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base plate has a substantially circular ground-engaging member.
3. A training apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 which comprises a mounting frame mounted on the base plate and at least one contact head element having at least one upright contact member, the contact head element dynamically mounted in relation to the mounting frame, wherein the contact head element is mounted on the mounting frame so as to enable the contact head element to move in three dimensions relative to the mounting frame.
4. A training apparatus comprising a mounting frame mounted on a base plate having at least one ground engaging member and at least one contact head element dynamically mounted in relation to the mounting frame, wherein the contact head element is mounted on the mounting frame so as to enable the contact head element to move in three dimensions relative to the mounting frame.
5. A training apparatus comprising a circular base plate and an anangcmcnt of gripping members mounted in relation to the baseplate, which arrangement of gripping members define a plane longitudinally displaced from the base plate and substantially coaxial therewith.
6. A collision training apparatus comprising a padded elongate member having a fir st cnd and a sccond cnd and having thcrcbctwccn within thc clongatc mcmbcr -28 -an elongate enclosed cavity containing a mobile material, which occupies a portion ofthe cavity.
7. A collision training apparatus as claimed in claim 6, whcrcin on changc of the direction of the force affecting the apparaths, the mobile material is caused to move along the elongate enclosed cavity.
8. A collision training apparatus consisting essentially of the apparatus defined in claim 6 or claim 7.
9. An apparatus as hereinbefore described with reference to any of the drawings.-29 -