GB2507246A - Direct reduction of iron using a carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixture derived from carbon dioxide and water - Google Patents

Direct reduction of iron using a carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixture derived from carbon dioxide and water Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2507246A
GB2507246A GB1213682.6A GB201213682A GB2507246A GB 2507246 A GB2507246 A GB 2507246A GB 201213682 A GB201213682 A GB 201213682A GB 2507246 A GB2507246 A GB 2507246A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
processes
related technology
carbon dioxide
water
carbon monoxide
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GB1213682.6A
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GB201213682D0 (en
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David Andrew Johnston
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Individual
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Priority to GB1213682.6A priority Critical patent/GB2507246A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B15/00—Other processes for the manufacture of iron from iron compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/40—Carbon monoxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/10—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions
    • Y02P10/134—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions by avoiding CO2, e.g. using hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

A mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is derived from carbon dioxide and water, with an energy source (preferably renewable energy) required to drive these reactions. This mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is injected into a furnace. Heat is added, either to the iron ore in the furnace or to the gas — either before entering the furnace or while in the furnace. Both of these gases reduce the iron oxide to metallic iron. The waste products are carbon dioxide and water, which can be recovered to form further carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Description

Direct Reduction of Iron IJsing a Carbon Monoxide-Hydrogen Mixture Derived from Carbon Dioxide and Water This invention relates to a process, and the related technology, to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and to then use this gas mixture to directly reduce iron ore (iron oxide) to metallic iron.
The most widely used technology for production is the blast furnace. A mixture of iron ore (predominantly iron oxide), coke and lime (calcium carbonate) is fed into the furnace. Blasts of hot air are then blown into the furnace. Oxygen in the air reacts with the coke to form carbon monoxide, which then reduces the iron oxide to iron, and is itself converted to carbon dioxide in the process. The calcium carbonate reacts with silica impurities in the ore to form a slag of calcium silicate, releasing carbon dioxide in the process. The molten iron is then drawn of at the bottom of the blast furnace. This process is inefficient in energy use and has high carbon dioxide emissions.
It also consumes coal, which is a limited reduce, and is not uniformly distributed around the world, being scarce in a number of countries.
A more recent process is direct reduction of iron. A mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is produced, either from natural gas (largely methane) or coal and water This is injected into the furnace. Heat is added, either to the iron ore in the furnace or to the gas -either before entering the furnace or while in the furnace. Both of these gases reduce the iron oxide to metallic iron. The waste products are carbon dioxide and water. This process is more energy efficient than the blast furnace, and has lower emissions. It also produces a high purity iron, which is suitable as a supplement to ferrous scrap in electric arc furnace steelmaking. Despite these advantages, direct reduction of iron still relies on fossil fuels (coal and gas in this case), with all their problems of supply limitations and emissions.
In this invention, a modification of direct reduction of iron is proposed, in which the mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen is derived from carbon dioxide and water. An energy source will be required to drive these reactions. In order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and make the process sustainable, a renewable source of energy can be used. Recycling of carbon dioxide from the furnace emissions can be used as the source material for production of carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Supplementary carbon dioxide can be absorbed from the atmosphere, or from the emissions of other industrial processes.
The invention will now be described by way of example, with reference to the chemical reaction equations shown below.
A renewable energy source is used to generate electricity, which is then used to electrolyse hydrogen.
2H20 -1 2H + 02 Waste heat from the electricity generation can be used to pre-heat the water, thus reducing the electrical energy required.
Some of the hydrogen produced by electrolysis is used, via the reverse shift-reaction, to convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.
C02+H2-*CO+H20 This carbon monoxide is mixed with further hydrogen produced by electrolysis and fed into the furnace, where they reduce the iron oxide to iron.
3Fe2O3 + H2 4 2Fe304 + H20 "3.- 3Fe2O3 -I-CO -) 2Fe304 + COz Fe304 + 112 4 3FeO + 1120 Fe304 + CO -* 3FeO + CO2 FeO + II, 3 Fe + H20 FeO + CO 4 Fe + CO2 Alternative processes involve the use of renewable energy to convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. Some of this carbon monoxide is used in the (forward) shift reaction to convert water to hydrogen. This is mixed with the remaining carbon monoxide to form a mixture, which is fed into the furnace.

Claims (16)

  1. Claims 1. A set of processes, and the related technology, for reducing iron ore to metallic iron, using a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which is derived from carbon dioxide and water.
  2. 2. A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimed in Claim 1, wherein the energy required to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbon monoxide and hydrogen is provided by renewable energy.
  3. 3. A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimed in Claim 1 and Claim 2, wherein the energy required to convert carbon dioxide and water to carbon monoxide and hydrogen is provided by solar energy.
  4. 4. A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimed in Claim 1 and Claim 2 and Claim 3, wherein the solar energy is used to generate electricity.
  5. 5. A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimed in Claim I and Claim 2 and Claim 3 and Claim 4, wherein the solar energy drives a turbine, which is used to generate electricity.
  6. 6. *A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimed in Claim 1 and Claim 2 and Claim 3 and Claim 4 and Claim 5, wherein waste heat from the turbine is recovered to augment energy-consuming processes elsewhere in the system.
  7. 7. A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimed in Claim 1 and Claim 2 and Claim 3 and Claim 4, wherein the solar energy is converted to electricity by means of a photovoltaic array.
  8. 8. A set of processes, and the related teclrnology, as claimed in Claim 1 and Claim 2, wherein carbon dioxide is recovered from the emissions from the iron reduction furnace, to act as a source for carbon monoxide.
  9. 9. A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimed in Claim I and Claim 2, wherein carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere.
  10. 10. A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimed in Claim 1 and Claim 2, wherein carbon dioxide is recovered from the emissions of other industrial processes.
  11. 11. A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimed in Claim 1 and Claim 2, wherein the energy input is used to convert water to hydrogen.
  12. 12. A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimed in Claim 1 and Claim 2 and Claim 11, wherein the water is converted to hydrogen by electrolysis.
  13. 13. A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimcd in Claim 1 and Claim 2 and Claim and Claim 6 and Claim 11 and Claim 12, wherein waste heat is used to pre-heat the water.
  14. 14. A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimed in Claim 1 and Claim 2 and Claim 11, wherein a fraction of the hydrogen is used to convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.
  15. 15. A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimed in Claim 1 and Claim 2, wherein the energy input is used to convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.
  16. 16. A set of processes, and the related technology, as claimed in Claim 1 and Claim 2 and Claim 15, wherein a fraction of the carbon monoxide is used to convert water to hydrogen.
GB1213682.6A 2012-07-31 2012-07-31 Direct reduction of iron using a carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixture derived from carbon dioxide and water Withdrawn GB2507246A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1213682.6A GB2507246A (en) 2012-07-31 2012-07-31 Direct reduction of iron using a carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixture derived from carbon dioxide and water

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1213682.6A GB2507246A (en) 2012-07-31 2012-07-31 Direct reduction of iron using a carbon monoxide-hydrogen mixture derived from carbon dioxide and water

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GB201213682D0 GB201213682D0 (en) 2012-09-12
GB2507246A true GB2507246A (en) 2014-04-30

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108374066A (en) * 2018-03-30 2018-08-07 唐竹胜 A kind of method of the biradical association type low temperature fast deep direct reduced iron of the double kilns of powdery iron ore
SE2030072A1 (en) * 2020-03-10 2021-09-11 Hybrit Dev Ab Methanol as hydrogen carier in H-DRI process

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5033105A (en) * 1973-07-26 1975-03-31
JPS515330A (en) * 1974-07-02 1976-01-17 Yaskawa Denki Seisakusho Kk KONKURIITOCHUNYUSEIGYOHOSHIKI
US4265868A (en) * 1978-02-08 1981-05-05 Koppers Company, Inc. Production of carbon monoxide by the gasification of carbonaceous materials
US5454853A (en) * 1994-06-10 1995-10-03 Borealis Technical Incorporated Limited Method for the production of steel
WO1999011571A1 (en) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-11 Midrex Direct Reduction Corporation Oxygen-fuel boost reformer process and apparatus
EP0972849A1 (en) * 1996-02-29 2000-01-19 Nippon Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for treating ironmaking dust
US20090249922A1 (en) * 2008-04-02 2009-10-08 Bristlecone International, Llc Process for the production of steel using a locally produced hydrogen as the reducing agent
WO2010042023A1 (en) * 2008-10-06 2010-04-15 Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Ab Process for production of direct reduced iron
WO2011116141A2 (en) * 2010-03-18 2011-09-22 Sun Hydrogen, Inc. Clean steel production process using carbon-free renewable energy source
CN102199680A (en) * 2011-04-19 2011-09-28 黄道兵 Cyclical low-carbon metallurgical method with tail gas conversion by plasma
CN102424873B (en) * 2011-12-03 2013-01-30 石家庄市新华工业炉有限公司 Method and device for solar reduction iron making

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5033105A (en) * 1973-07-26 1975-03-31
JPS515330A (en) * 1974-07-02 1976-01-17 Yaskawa Denki Seisakusho Kk KONKURIITOCHUNYUSEIGYOHOSHIKI
US4265868A (en) * 1978-02-08 1981-05-05 Koppers Company, Inc. Production of carbon monoxide by the gasification of carbonaceous materials
US5454853A (en) * 1994-06-10 1995-10-03 Borealis Technical Incorporated Limited Method for the production of steel
EP0972849A1 (en) * 1996-02-29 2000-01-19 Nippon Steel Corporation Method and apparatus for treating ironmaking dust
WO1999011571A1 (en) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-11 Midrex Direct Reduction Corporation Oxygen-fuel boost reformer process and apparatus
US20090249922A1 (en) * 2008-04-02 2009-10-08 Bristlecone International, Llc Process for the production of steel using a locally produced hydrogen as the reducing agent
WO2010042023A1 (en) * 2008-10-06 2010-04-15 Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Ab Process for production of direct reduced iron
WO2011116141A2 (en) * 2010-03-18 2011-09-22 Sun Hydrogen, Inc. Clean steel production process using carbon-free renewable energy source
CN102199680A (en) * 2011-04-19 2011-09-28 黄道兵 Cyclical low-carbon metallurgical method with tail gas conversion by plasma
CN102424873B (en) * 2011-12-03 2013-01-30 石家庄市新华工业炉有限公司 Method and device for solar reduction iron making

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108374066A (en) * 2018-03-30 2018-08-07 唐竹胜 A kind of method of the biradical association type low temperature fast deep direct reduced iron of the double kilns of powdery iron ore
CN108374066B (en) * 2018-03-30 2019-07-16 唐竹胜 A kind of method of the biradical association type low temperature fast deep direct reduced iron of the double kilns of powdery iron ore
SE2030072A1 (en) * 2020-03-10 2021-09-11 Hybrit Dev Ab Methanol as hydrogen carier in H-DRI process

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Publication number Publication date
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