GB2496196A - Fire and theft detection system implemented via a games console - Google Patents

Abstract

A security system 200 is disclosed comprising: a media player 201; a detection device 202 including a motion detector / smoke sensor; a camera 203; a wireless router 204; an internet website 205; a multimedia device 206; and a mobile telephone 207.The system 200 is arranged such that if the detection device 202 senses motion or smoke, a signal is sent to the media player 201 which will automatically connect the internet website 105 to the multimedia device 206 such that the camera 203 can be accessed in order that a user can view an area in which the system is located. The detection device 202 may be wirelessly connected to the media player 201 via Bluetooth(RTM), infra-red, or WiFi(RTM). The media player 201 may comprise a games console such as a Playstation 3(RTM) or XBOX 360(RTM).

Description

INTELLECTUAL

. . PROPERTY OFFICE Applicalion No. GB 1119183.0 RTM Dare:19 February 201 The following terms are registered trademarks and should be read as such wherever they occur in this document: wp Bluetooth XBOX 360 Playstation 3 Sony Intellectual Property Office is an operaling name of Ihe Patent Office www.ipo.gov.uk

I

Security System The present invention relates to a security apparatus, and also a security detection process, and particularly but not exclusively for the detection of fire, theft and criminal damage in domestic homes.

Background to the Invention

A large proportion of people live in houses, small flats, shared accommodation, student halls and bedsits. Most of such dwellings are hard to secure. Furthermore, people tend to leave around valuable goods unsecured within their dwelling particularly with regard to their electronic consumer goods. Moreover, home entertainment systems, including televisions, games consoles, DVD players, music systems, MP3 players, and digital recorders tend to all be located in a particular location within a dwelling such as a living room or a bedroom. As a result, intruders or thieves when breaking into a property can easily locate such valuable goods allowing thefts to be efficiently carried out. Dwellings and accommodation generally have a single entry point such as a front door or a multi-entry point such as a front door, back door, as well as one or a number of windows. Although people of all ages tend to own home entertainment systems, in particular, and more commonly, people aged between 18 to 35 years old tend to own game consoles and multi-media players.

With on-line gaming becoming an ever increasing popular form of gaming, many games consoles, televisions, personal computers and other multi-media players are now configured to link up to a domestic local Internet network either wirelessly or through a data cable. For wireless connections, the games console will generally contain or be configured to connect to a network card, which can then send wireless signals to a network card which can then send wireless signals to a router which then passes data signals to a router which then passes data signals through a domestic dwelling's Internet/telephone/cable line, This allows, alternatively, a cable such as a USB or Ethernet cable to be connected directly from the games console to an Internet connection point of a domestic household or dwelling. By being connectable to the Internet, a games console or multi-media system is enabled to be connected to the Internet for streaming, downloading, uploading or any other form of Internet communication. As well as the threat of theft or criminal damage to a properly or dwelling, a common hazard to properties is that of fire damage. This can result from candles being left lit, matches that have been thrown away with embers still burning, or a common kitchen fire resulting from a cooker, oven or other domestic appliance being left on leading to an explosion or a flammable abject catching fire.

Most of these potential hazards or threats occur when the owner or occupant of a property/dwelling are not present.

As a result, a number of security systems have been developed to act as an early warning when either a theft, fire or criminal damage is occurring within the dwelling.

In order to catch intruders when entering a property, close circuit television systems (CCTV) are commonly used to catch intruders on film when they are entering a property unauthorised. The CCIV cameras are generally wired up at various locations within a dwelling and a recording is made by each camera and stored on a central recording device. Such close circuit television systems are disadvantageous as they do not warn the occupier when an intruder is entering the property and, for example, if an intruder is masked, then a CCTV recording of the intruder may not be sufficient to identify and catch the intruder. Furthermore, CCTV systems are expensive to install as a complex wiring system is required if multiple rooms are required to be monitored. t

Alternatively, many properties now have motion detectors installed.

Motion detectors are devices which detect or sense motion. A motion detector will typically transform the detection of motion into an electrical signal, the propagation of the electrical signal therefore triggering a burglar alarm or a CCTV camera. When a burglar alarm is triggered, a loud siren or alarm is activated which can act as a deterrent to an intruder and as a warning to neighbours or other people within the close vicinity of the dwelling to contact the pot ice.

Such existing motion detectors linked to either burglar alarms and/or CCTV cameras, can record footage and use noise to dissuade intruders.

However, this is disadvantageous as the occupant/proprietor of the dwelling usually discovers the intrusion after the intruder has long gone. Furthermore, traditional alarm systems have become less effective as neighbours and people within the close vicinity of an alarm tend to ignore the alarm until the point of annoyance and generally see the alarm as an irritant rather than a warning that an intruder has entered a property/dwelling. Furthermore, existing motion detectors require the installation of separate cameras, recording facilities and monitors. In addition to this, such installation leads to an increase in cables which are both unsightly and potentially hazardous.

Most motion detectors or motion sensors can detect movement of up to to 25 metres away. A number of motion detectors are currently used including:- * passive infra red sensors -these detect body heat * ultrasonic sensors -ultrasonic sensors send out pulses of ultrasonic waves and measure the reflection of the waves reflecting off a moving object * microwave sensors -these are similar to ultrasonic sensors in that they send out microwave pulses and measure the reflection off a moving object I, * tomographic detectors -tomographic detectors detect disturbances to radio waves Many motion detectors or sensors generally now use a combination of different techniques within a single sensor such as a passive infra red sensor coupled with a microwave sensor. This minimises the risk of false alarms being triggered.

In addition to the detection of intruders or thieves, occupants or proprietors of dwellings commonly use smoke detection systems in order to detect smoke which typically provides for an indication of a fire within a property or dwelling. The two common forms of smoke detector are either that of an optical detection system or a physical process via ionisation. In both methods, when there is a change to the normal state of the smoke detector, an electrical signal is sent to a sound and/or visual alarm which acts as a warning of a fire within the dwelling/property.

An optical smoke detector is a light sensor whereby in the absence of smoke, light passes in front of the light detector in a straight line. When smoke enters the optical chamber across the path of the light beam, light is scattered by the smoke particles thus directing it at the sensor and triggering an alarm.

In an ionisation based smoke detector, radiation of a radioactive element passes through an ionisation chamber and permits a small constant current between two electrodes. When smoke enters the chamber, the smoke absorbs alpha particles of the radiation, reducing the lonisation and interrupting the current, in turn setting off a visual or sound alarm.

A disadvantage of known smoke detectors is that the proprietorloccupant of the dwelling, if absent from the property/dwelling is not informed of the fire or increase in smoke at the point at which the alarm is * triggered, therefore the fire can have escalated before the proprietor/occupier has the chance to alleviate the danger by way of telephoning the emergency services or puffing the fire out themselves, or indeed notifying anybody who is still in the property to evacuate as soon as possible.

If a fire is not stopped in time, valuables such as high value electrical goods including games consoles and home entertainment systems can be damaged beyond repair. As most proprietors of dwellings wish to protect their property from both theft and the threat of fire, this commonly leads to the requirement for two separate security systems leading to extensive installation costs, an increase in wiring and multiple recordable devices, monitoring devices and detection sensors within a property.

Therefore, there is a need for a security system that is configurable to detect fire, theft and intrusion of a property or dwelling and in addition to this provide for a system which can notify the occupier/owner of the dwelling of the threat as soon as a warning has been triggered such that the occupier/proprietor can act upon the warning before extensive damage to the property and the valuable goods therein has been caused. There is also further need for a security system which minimises the number of components and reduces the need for extensive cables and wires for the security system to perform its function.

Summary of the Invention

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a security apparatus, the apparatus comprising:-a media player; a detection means; the detection means comprising a smoke sensor and a motion sensor for sensing movement; the detection means further comprising a transmitter connectable to the smoke sensor and the motion sensor; the transmitter configured to transmit digital signals to the media player; wherein, the media player is communicable with a data connection network such that upon receipt of a digital signal from the transmitter, the media player communicates with the data connection network to cause an alert signal at a predetermined telecommunications device.

The media player may comprise a games console.

The detection means may be wirelessly connectable to the media player.

The detection means may be communicable with the media player by Bluetooth (RIM).

The detection means may be communicable with the media player by infra-red.

The detection means may be communicable with the media player by Wi Fi.

The detection means may comprise a battery power source.

The battery power source may be rechargeable.

The apparatus may be configured to produce an audible alarm, and/or a visual alarm.

The security apparatus may include a Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) camera.

The Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) camera may be operable upon receipt of data communication signals from the media player.

The media player may include a hard drive for data storage.

The media player may include a USB port.

The media player may include a network card.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a security detection process for a security apparatus which comprises: a media player; a detection means; The detection means may comprise at least one smoke sensor and a motion sensor for sensing movement; The detection means further comprising a transmitter connectable to the smoke sensor and / or the motion sensor; the process comprising the steps of: the detection means detecting smoke and / or movement; upon detection of smoke and / or movement, a data signal is generated by the detection means; the data signal is transmitted by the transmitter to the media player; upon receipt of the data signal from the transmitter, said media player is activated to communicate with a secure online access database; and, the database generates and sends a notification message to a predetermined telecommunications device.

The transmitter may transmit a wireless data signal to the media player.

The wireless data signal may be transmitted by Bluetooth (RTM).

The wireless data signal may be transmitted by infra-red.

The media player may be communicable with the secure online access database by a wired and/or wireless internet connection.

Brief Description of the Drawings

For a better understanding of various examples of embodiments of the present invention, reference will now be made, by way of example only, to the accompanying drawings in which:-Figure 1 is a schematic view of a first security system according to the invention; Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of a second security system according to the invention; and Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view of a third security system according to the invention.

Detailed Description of Various Embodiments of the Invention Figure 1 illustrates a security system 100, comprising a media player 101, detection means 102, audio visual recordable system 103, Internet connection device 104, secure website/database storage system 105, telecommunications device 106, security system software 107 and communication signals 108.

Figure 2 illustrates a security system 200, comprising a games console 201, detection means 202, video camera 203, wireless router 204, secure Internet website 205, multimedia device 206, mobile telephone 207 and communication signal 208.

Figure 3 illustrates a security system 300, comprising a games console 301, detection means 302, CCTV camera 303, secure website 304, wireless router/modem 305, multimedia player 306, mobile telephone 307 and communication signal 308.

Referring to figures 1-3, the security apparatus and the process which form the security system 100, 200 and 300 use a relatively low number of components relative to typical fire I smoke I motion alarms systems. This is because the security system 100, 200 and 300 provides for a single alarm system where a detection means 102, 202 and 302 can have a dual or multi purpose to detect smoke and / or motion. Furthermore, rather than existing security systems which require a separate data storage device to communicate with the detection means, be that a smoke or motion sensor the security system 100, 200, 300 as described herein utilizes a property owner's existing technology i.e. their media player 101, 201, 301 as a data storage and communication device.

In addition and unlike other known systems the security system 100, 200, 300 as described allows the property owner of where the system is to be installed, to be notified as soon as a disturbance to the system has been made either by the detection means detecting smoke from a fire or motion from an intruder. In addition, the telecommunications device 106, 207, 307 that the security system is synchronized with may be used by the operator to change the functions of the security system 100, 200, 300, remotely.

The media player 101, 201, 301 will preferably be in the form of a games console. The advantage of a games console, for example a Playstation 3 (RTM), Microsoft Xbox 360° (RIM), or a Nintendo Wii (RIM) is that modern games consoles now have an existing internal hard drive and either a USS flash drive, memory card slot, or a CD/DVD/BluRay (RIM) drive for software installation. The media player 101, 201, 301 could either have a pre-installed software program for the security system or software 107 for the security program may be installed retrospectively via any form of common software medium for example, a USB stick, a CD-rom or a memory card.

Alternatively, the media player may be any electronic device which can play and store media, for example, but not limited to, a digital camera, a computer, a HiFi system, a tablet personal computer or the like.

Along with the installation of software on to the media player 101, 201, 301, the user / operator of the system will preferably be required to register their system 100, 200, 300 and telecommunications device 106, 207, 307 on a secure database stored and accessible on an online website. The media player will be synchronized with the website and will be able to transmit data and to the website once the software is installed onto the media player 101, 201,301.

Additionally, the telecommunications device 106, 207, 307 is configured to receive messages from the online website 105, 205, 304 in the form of a text message, telephone call, push notification or any other commonly known telephone messaging system. The telecommunications device 106, 207, 307 will ideally be a mobile telephone in the form of a smart phone. The smart phone will have internet access with the additional ability to download and store applications. The telecommunications device 106, 207, 307 is ideally able to access the secure online website 105, 205, 304 via the internet or via an application to compliment the security system 100, 200, 300.

Once accessed the user will be able to control the security system 100, 200, 300 by sending operational messages to the website, which in turn will transmit such messages to the media for operation. Operational functions may include, but not be limited to, switching a sound or visual alarm on or off, activating a notification to be sent to the emergency services, setting the volume of the Sound alarm, switching the media player 101, 201, 301 into on, off or hibernate mode, switching the CCIV video camera 303 to record mode.

The security system 100, 200, 300 also comprises one or a number of detection means 101, 201, 301. A single detection means 101 comprises at least one sensor. The sensor can either be a sensor for detecting smoke and/or a sensor for detecting motion in a manner as previously set out. A single detection means may comprise both a smoke and a motion sensor or independent detection means 101, 201, 301, may be present in a system, each housing either a smoke and/or motion sensor.

Once either smoke and/or motion has been detected, the smoke / motion detection signal is converted to an electrical signal and sent to a transmitter means. The presence of smoke I motion may also activate a sound alarm, bell or siren, which will act as a warning signal to people within the vicinity that the property is either on fire or has been intruded. Optionally, there may be a different warning sound for when the motion sensor is activated to when the smoke sensor is activated. Additionally, the detection means may be linked to a visual alarm, preferably located on the outside of a property, which is activated upon activation of the motion and / or smoke sensors.

The transmitter means is located within the detection means 102, 202, 302 and can transmit data! communication signals 108, 208, 308 to the visual alarm, sound alarm and media player either over a wired cable or wirelessly.

Preferably the transmitter is wirelessly connected to the media player and can send (or receive) either WIFE, Bluetooth (RTM) or Infra-Red signals to the media player 101, 201, 301.

If the media player is off, or in hibernation mode, the receipt of the communication signals 108, 208, 308 will turn the media player on and through the installed software, activate a communication signal to be sent from the media player to the secure Internet website 105, 205, 304. The media player maybe connectable to the internet via a wired or wireless router and modem 104, 204, 305.

As an alternative to a communication signal that the detection means 102, 202, 302 has been activated by smoke or motion, being passed from the media player to the online secure access website, the signal may be sent directly to a predetermined telecommunications device or other remote multimedia player 306 having internet access and / or a downloadable application facility. Once a communication signal has been sent from the media player 101, 201 301, to the secure access online website, the website will generate a message to be sent to the remote telecommunications device to alert the user that either the motion and or smoke sensor has been activated.

With a specially developed software product 107 for the gaming console 101, 201, 301, ideally in a kit of parts, an additional pair of motion sensor detection means 102, 202, 302 will come as standard with the overall package. In addition to this some consoles 101, 201, 301 will come with a motion viewing web camera device 103, 203, 303 as part of the overall standard package depending on the type, specification and viewing capabilities of the consoles devices.

When the security system 100, 200, 300 is put in place by the user the console 101, 201, 301 and phone 106, 207, 307 can be connected together via the console software 107 and 3G phone applications. The user can then go to the home security web site 105, 205, 304 where they can register their product ready for use.

A virtual sensor security network 100, 200, 300 will be placed around a customer's home utilising the motion sensors of the detection means 102, 202, 302 and the camera devices 103, 203, 303 to safeguard a customer's home and safeguard their most valuable home items like television, games consoles, music centres, other multimedia devices, games and DVDs etc. The security system 100, 200, 300 will be alarmed and secure alerting them to an intruder's presence.

When an intruder enters the home and triggers the sensor of the detection means 102, 202, 302, the games console 101, 201, 301 will awaken from hibernation mode, this will then activate security system's software 107, automatically connecting to the Internet via a router of modem 305.

As soon as the software 107 is activated and the web connection is made the onboard software 107 will start recording live footage to the hard drive of the console 101, 201, 301. Uve footage will also be streamed to the user's private domain within the security systems website 105, 205, 304.

The user's security systems website 105, 205, 304 will then send an alert message directly to the user's 3G mobile phone 106, 207, 307. The user can then access their home security system through their mobile phone application via the Internet giving them full control of their home security system.

The user can then view live footage, recorded footage and motion sensor activity data all from their mobile phone 105, 205, a04. The system can be reset by the user from their onboard mobile phone application software for the user's home security system.

The user will first need to install the consoles home security software 107 which will be found in the products pack as a disc. It will also contain a step by step guide to product installation and use and contain a downloadable application for the 3G phone using WI-Fl or Bluetooth. This will securely link them together using a security key link. The mobile phone application will also be available to download through the security systems website.

The user will then be able to view what sensors have been triggered, the footage and assess whether the threat is genuine or may be just a house pet for example. There will be an option to ignore this will send the system back into hibernation mode. If the threat is real there will be an emergency option which will dial up the police.

The Bluetooth (RTM) or WI-Fl motion sensor will be charged in the same way as an existing wireless controller using a charge station or USB cable. Another option available to the user would be to set off a high pitch alarm on both motion and smoke sensors and they will also be able to speak through any audio device connected to the console to shout at the intruder hopefully forcing them to flee.

An additional 360 degree Bluetooth (RTM) motion sensor will be available. This will be domed and be fitted with a light to improve footage quality and a high pitch alarm activated as soon as the area is breached. This Customers will also be able to buy a stand-alone battery backup device for their console 101, 201, 301 and Internet connection device 104, 205, 305.

This will allow their security system 100, 200, 300 to still function even if for instance a criminal cuts off the home's power supply. This will be charged by the console when active or in hibernation.

Another addition to the product will also come with a fire and smoke alert system built into the detection means 101, 201, 301. This will alert the user to a potential fire back at his or her home giving them the means to safeguard their homes from any danger and allowing them to reset the system or phone for help. The apparatus will come with its own software which you can load to your console and once again make the necessary connections.

Using the security system 100, 200, 300, one of the fire safety mobile phone applications and smoke detector would become an add-on to the original game console software, giving the user the peace of mind knowing wherever he is in the world he will be able to safeguard his own home from fire and theft.

The present invention proposes to take advantage of existing games consoles 101, 201, 301 transforming them into security systems; this removes the need to purchase a separate security console, monitor and DVR recorder.

This is achieved using rechargeable wireless motion sensors which connect to the games console using Bluetooth (RTM) or WI-Fl or other wireless technology. In turn the games console is used as a recording device as well as an Internet connection to a secure web address which in turn would contact the user via a 3G handset.

The person can use the console's existing camera or choose to buy a separate one. Using wireless technology removes the use of unsightly cables and all the disadvantages caused by said cables.

Utilising an existing next generation console removes the need to buy a separate security console, monitor and DVR recorder because the console 101, 201, 301 has a built in hard drive and wireless technology already, it also has the added advantage of an Internet connection as mentioned above.

Installation is simplified with the need for mounting wall bracket(s) only. The software for the system will be installed on the console using a disc with easy to follow prompts. The user will be able to use the system in a number of configurations to meet their personal security needs based on circumstance.

The present invention proposes not only to detect and record the presence of an intruder, it will also detect fire and smoke threats at the property and alert the user as above.

Using a conventional gaming console 101, 201, 301 in the security system 100, 200, 300, has many advantages over current systems, as follows; * Taking advantage of existing games consoles cuts the need for buying expensive individual components such as security consoles, recording equipment and monitors.

* Wireless motion, fire and smoke detectors (detection means 102, 202, 302 remove the cost of installation and any associated disruption caused by current systems.

* Installation of the system 100, 200, 300 is relatively simple, only requiring two wall mounted brackets and software installation.

The security system 100, 200, 300 alerts the user in real time regardless of where they are, giving the user a chance to react to any alert, by e.g. dialling emergency services, alerting neighbours etc. * The security system 100, 200, 300 can be used in many different configurations according to the user's personal security needs.

* The security system 100, 200, 300 could be used to contact persons allowing them to activate the system from a mobile phone.

* Pets could be left in the household wearing motion detection cancellers in their collars so not to cause false alarms.

* Users may already own a camera for their console reducing overall cost even more.

Whilst endeavouring in the foregoing specification to draw attention to those features of the invention believed to be of particular importance it should be understood that the Applicant claims protection in respect of any patentable feature or combination of features hereinbefore referred to and/or shown in the drawings whether or not particular emphasis has been placed thereon.

Claims (1)

1. <claim-text>Claims 1. A security apparatus, the apparatus comprising:-a media player; a detection means; the detection means comprising a smoke sensor and a motion sensor for sensing movement; the detection means further comprising a transmitter connectable to the smoke sensor and the motion sensor; the transmitter configured to transmit digital signals to the media player; wherein, the media player is communicab'e with a data connection network such that upon receipt of a digital signal from the transmitter, the media player communicates with the data connection network to cause an alert signal at a : 15 predetermined telecommunications device.</claim-text> <claim-text>2. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which the media player comprises a games console. * * *</claim-text> <claim-text>3. Apparatus accordingly to claim 2 or 3, in which the detection means is wirelessly connectable to the media player.</claim-text> <claim-text>4. Apparatus according to claim 3, in which the detection means is communicable with the media player by Bluetooth (RTM).</claim-text> <claim-text>5. Apparatus according to claims 3 or 4, in which the detection means is communicable with the media player by infra-red.</claim-text> <claim-text>6. Apparatus according to any of claims 3 to 5, in which the detection means is communicable with the media player by WiFi.</claim-text> <claim-text>7. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, in which the detection means includes a battery power source.</claim-text> <claim-text>6. Apparatus according to claim 7, in which the battery power source is rechargeable.</claim-text> <claim-text>9. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, in which the apparatus is configured to produce an audible alarm, and/or a visual alarm.</claim-text> <claim-text>10. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, in which the security apparatus includes a Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) damera.</claim-text> <claim-text>: 11. Apparatus according to any of claim 10, in which the Closed Circuit * 15 Television (CCTV) camera is operable upon receipt of data communication signals from the media player. 0I* * .</claim-text> <claim-text>12. Apparatus abcording to any of the preceding claims, in which the media * . player includes a hard drive for data storage.</claim-text> <claim-text>*. .: 13. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, in which the media player includes a USS port.</claim-text> <claim-text>14. Apparatus according to any of the preceding claims, in which the media player includes a network card.</claim-text> <claim-text>15. A security detection process for a security apparatus which comprises: a media player; a detection means; tile detection means may comprise at least one smoke sensor and a motion sensor for sensing movement; the detection means further comprising a transmitter connectable to the smoke sensor and I or the motion sensor; the process comprising the steps of: the detection means detecting smoke and / or movement; upon detection of smoke and / or movement, a data signal is generated by the detection means; the data signal is transmitted by the transmitter to the media player; * "15 upon receipt of the data signal from the transmitter, said media player is activated to communicate with a secure online access database; and,S*5#S..the database generates and sends a notification message to a :: 20 predetermined telecommunications device.</claim-text> <claim-text>16. A process according to claim 15, in which the transmitter transmits a wireless data signal to the media player.</claim-text> <claim-text>17. A process according to claim 16, in which the wireless data signal is transmitted by Bluetooth (RTM).</claim-text> <claim-text>18. A process according to claim 16, in which the wireless data signal is transmitted by infra-red.</claim-text> <claim-text>19. A process according to any of claims 15 to 18, in which the media player is communicable with the secure online access database by a wired and/or wireless internet connection.</claim-text> <claim-text>20. Security apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described and with reference to Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings.</claim-text> <claim-text>21. Security apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described and with reference to Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings.</claim-text> <claim-text>22. Security apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described and with reference to Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawings.</claim-text> <claim-text>*3, 15 23. A security detection process substantially as hereinbetore described with reference to Fig.1 of the accompanying drawings. e*..</claim-text> <claim-text>24. A security detection process substantially as hereinbefore described * * with reference to Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings. * .</claim-text> <claim-text>25. A security detection process substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig.3 of the accompanying drawings.</claim-text> <claim-text>26. Any novel subject matter or combination including novel subject matter disclosed herein, whether or not within the scope of or relating to the same invention as any of the preceding claims.</claim-text>