GB2489037A - A floating integrated water treatment system - Google Patents

A floating integrated water treatment system Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2489037A
GB2489037A GB1104540.8A GB201104540A GB2489037A GB 2489037 A GB2489037 A GB 2489037A GB 201104540 A GB201104540 A GB 201104540A GB 2489037 A GB2489037 A GB 2489037A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
water
directional
aerator
flow
treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB1104540.8A
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GB2489037B (en
GB201104540D0 (en
Inventor
Galen Yarrow Fulford
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BIOMATRIX WATER TECHNOLOGY LLP
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BIOMATRIX WATER TECHNOLOGY LLP
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Priority to GB1104540.8A priority Critical patent/GB2489037B/en
Publication of GB201104540D0 publication Critical patent/GB201104540D0/en
Priority to BR112013023850A priority patent/BR112013023850A2/en
Priority to US14/005,427 priority patent/US9850149B2/en
Priority to PCT/GB2012/050599 priority patent/WO2012123767A2/en
Publication of GB2489037A publication Critical patent/GB2489037A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2489037B publication Critical patent/GB2489037B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/10Packings; Fillings; Grids
    • C02F3/103Textile-type packing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/233Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements
    • B01F23/2332Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements the stirrer rotating about a horizontal axis; Stirrers therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/233Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements
    • B01F23/2334Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using driven stirrers with completely immersed stirring elements provided with stationary guiding means surrounding at least partially the stirrer
    • B01F3/04099
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/20Activated sludge processes using diffusers
    • C02F3/205Moving, e.g. rotary, diffusers; Stationary diffusers with moving, e.g. rotary, distributors
    • C02F3/207Moving, e.g. rotary, diffusers; Stationary diffusers with moving, e.g. rotary, distributors with axial thrust propellers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/007Contaminated open waterways, rivers, lakes or ponds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2203/00Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2203/006Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage details of construction, e.g. specially adapted seals, modules, connections
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/02Odour removal or prevention of malodour
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F7/00Aeration of stretches of water
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Aeration Devices For Treatment Of Activated Polluted Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

An integrated water treatment system 1 suitable for use in the treatment of contaminated water comprises at least one module 5 adapted to float in the water, at least one attached growth media element 7 disposed upon the module(s) for suspension in the water and at least one aerator (111, Fig. 3) suspended from the module(s) for aerating the water. The at least one aerator is arranged to generate at least one water flow path (21, Fig. 1), wherein the at least one attached growth media element is disposed within the at least one water flow path. Preferably, the at least one aerator comprises a multi-directional aerator (511b, Fig. 10) configured to generate water flow paths in a plurality of directions. The growth media element(s) can comprise the roots 17 of one or more aquatic plants. Alternatively, the growth media element(s) may comprise an artificial substrate. A cover 15 can be mounted upon the module(s), wherein the cover may comprise a growth medium which is adapted for biofiltration of malodorous gases released inside the cover.

Description

I Integrated Water Treatment System 3 The present invention relates to the field of water treatment. More specifically, the present 4 invention relates to water treatment systems, and in particular provides an integrated water treatment system, and arrangements of such water treatment systems, suitable for use in 6 the treatment of contaminated water, wastewater, potable water, industrial water as well as 7 polluted water bodies.
9 Background to the invention
11 More than 80% of sewage in developing countries goes un-treated. Furthermore, millions 12 of businesses contribute to water pollution in both urban and industrial centres. Water 13 contamination is recognised as a global problem; fresh water resources can be 14 jeopaidised -and may already be limited -and there are environmental concerns too such as degradation of coastal waters and estuaries.
17 The challenge of treating wastewaters with new treatment plants is substantial and is well 18 known in the field. The known challenges include: installing pipe works and sewage 19 systems to convey contaminated water to treatment plants, the high cost of land for 1 treatment plants near urban and industrial centres, and the cost of building the large 2 containment vessels or controllable reactor volumes to house the treatment process.
3 These costs are often significantly higher than the actual cost of treatment equipment 4 systems.
6 It is therefore an object of embodiments of the present invention to obviate or mitigate one
7 or more of the disadvantages of the prior art.
1 Summary of the invention
3 According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided an integrated water treatment 4 system for use in the treatment of contaminated water and the like, the system comprising; at least one module adapted to float in a body of water; 6 at least one attached growth media element disposed upon the at least one module 7 for suspension in the body of water; and 8 at least one aeration device suspended from the at least one module for aerating 9 the bodyofwater; wherein the at least one aeration device is arranged to generate at least one water 11 flowpath;and 12 wherein the at least one attached growth media element is disposed within the at 13 least one water flow path.
Preferably, the at least one aeration device comprises a multi-directional aeration device 16 configured to generate water flow paths in a plurality of directions. Alternatively, or 17 additionally, the at least one aeration device comprises a directional aeration device 18 configured to generate one or more water flow paths in substantially a single direction.
19 Optionally, the at least one aeration device comprises a deflector plate, or housing to direct flow.
22 Preferably, the at least one module comprises a buoyant structure or platform.
24 Most preferably, the buoyant structure consists of a framework comprising three or more buoyant members connected at their ends. The buoyant members may comprise lengths 26 or sections of pipe which can be sealed through a number of methods.
28 Most preferably, the buoyant members are thermally fused or welded so as to provide a 29 flange by which the members may be connected to one another. Advantageously, the flange is angled. Such connection may be in a wide variety of forms -for example, by 31 means of a curved bracket.
33 Most preferably, the buoyant members are arranged such that the flanges are vertically 34 oriented, and bent to a pre-specified angle. Specialized tooling for this purpose allows the flanges to be sealed or thermally angle welded and permanently sealed at a pre-set angle 1 in a single process. This process allows larger diameters to be utilized than has previously 2 been possible. In particular, it is found that pipe diameters greater than about 125 mm 3 require an integrated angle welding process in order to main integrity and angle. This 4 process allows large diameter, bent and vertical flange buoyancy structures that form the structure of the treatment system, adding additional buoyancy. The skilled person will be 6 readily able to devise tools and/or processes for this purpose.
8 Optionally, or alternatively, the buoyant members are connected by one or more welded 9 compound angles, providing fused and structurally sound connecting flanges which may be set to a pre-determined angle on both the horizontal and vertical axis.
12 Furthermore, this allows increased flexibility in the system, and also allows integration with 13 additional system features requiring higher buoyancy and structural rigidity, such as 14 walkways, boat access landings, wildlife habitat features, as well as heavier aeration and circulation equipment.
17 Alternatively, or additionally, the buoyant structure or platform comprises layered marine 18 foam and a semi-structural mesh, with an optional protective containment wrapping and 19 media support material. According to this embodiment, the supporting mesh may be welded, clipped or laced so as to encompass and protect the flotation foam material.
22 Optionally, the at least one attached growth media element comprises a live substrate.
23 For example, it may comprise the roots of aquatic plants. Alternatively, the at least one 24 attached growth media element comprises an artificial substrate. For example, it may comprise spiralling columns or curtains. Most preferably, the at least one attached growth 26 media element comprises both a live substrate and an artificial substrate.
28 Preferably, the system comprises a plurality of attached growth media elements. Most 29 preferably, the plurality of attached growth media elements are arranged to cooperate with at least one water flow path. Optionally, the attached growth media elements comprise 31 one or more curtains arranged to channel at least one water flow path.
33 Optionally, the system further comprises one or more foam baffles configured to collect 34 and re-incorporate generated foam in to the water flow generated by the at least one 1 aeration device. Optionally, the system further comprises one or more air inlets to provide 2 an airflow to the aeration device.
4 Optionally, the at least one aeration device is suspended from the at least one module by an adjustable mount. Preferably, the adjustable mount is adapted to vary the depth and/or 6 flow angle of the aeration device.
8 Preferably, the system comprises a plurality of interconnected modules adapted to float in 9 a body of water. Preferably, the modules are pivotally connected by one or more connection means.
12 Optionally, the at least one module comprises a support mesh. Optionally, the support 13 mesh comprises Triax.
Optionally, the system further comprises a lockable cover to prevent unauthorised access 16 to the aeration and circulation device. Alternatively, or additionally, the cover is a low 17 profile cover. Optionally, the system further comprises anchoring means. Optionally, the 18 anchoring means is repositionable.
Optionally, the system further comprises a hollow structural cover mounted upon the at 21 least one module and wherein the aeration device is housed within the hollow structural 22 cover.
24 The above arrangement provides a system wherein the hollow structural cover significantly reduces the noise and effects of aerosols produced by the aerator thus making the 26 apparatus more flexible with respect to the areas within which it may be deployed. For 27 example, such a system may be installed in close proximity to dwellings or work spaces.
29 Optionally, the hollow structural cover comprises a growth medium, optionally an ecological growth medium, comprising one or more layers. Inclusion of the ecological 31 growth medium acts to further reduce the noise and effects of aerosols produced by the 32 aerator. This medium also provides a more attractive visual appearance to the reactor 33 again allowing it to be deployed in a greater number of locations.
1 The one or more layers may comprise one or more layers selected from the group 2 comprising a supporting layer, a moisture conveying or moisture wicking substrate, an 3 organic lignin based fibrous matting, a fibre re-enforced soil of peat or bark or compost, a 4 moisture retaining layer, and a particulate filtration layer.
6 Such a layer selection may provide additional benefit through biofiltration of malodorous 7 gasses (such as hydrogen sulphide, ammonia, and mercaptons) and the like released 8 inside the cover as the water being treated undergoes transition from anaerobic or anoxic 9 to aerobic conditions.
11 According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided an integrated water 12 treatment system for use in the treatment of contaminated water and the like, the system 13 comprising; 14 at least one module adapted to float in a body of water; at least one attached growth media element disposed upon the at least one module 16 for suspension in the body of water; and 17 an aeration device disposed upon the at least one module for aerating the body of 18 water; 19 wherein the aeration device is a multi-directional aeration device configured to generate water flow paths in a plurality of directions; and 21 wherein the at least one attached growth media element is disposed within at least 22 one of the water flow paths.
24 Optionally, the multi-directional aeration device comprises a diffuser.
26 Optionally, the system further comprises a directional mixer, or other flow generating 27 device.
29 According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided an integrated water treatment system for use in the treatment of contaminated water and the like, the system 31 comprising; 32 at least one module adapted to float in a body of water; 33 at least one attached growth media element disposed upon the at least one module 34 for suspension in the body of water; and 1 an aeration device disposed upon the at least one module for aerating the body of 2 water; 3 wherein the aeration device is a directional aeration device configured to generate 4 one or more water flow paths in substantially a single direction; and wherein the at least one attached growth media element is disposed within at least 6 one of the water flow paths.
8 According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided an integrated water 9 treatment system for use in the treatment of contaminated water and the like, the system comprising; 11 at least one module adapted to float in a body of water; 12 at least one attached growth media element disposed upon the at least one module 13 for suspension in the body of water; and 14 a first aeration device and a second aeration device disposed upon the at least one module for aerating the body of water; 16 wherein the first aeration device is a multi-directional aeration device configured to 17 generate water flow paths in a plurality of directions; wherein the second aeration device is a directional aeration device configured to 19 generate one or more water flow paths in substantially a single direction; and wherein the at least one attached growth media element is disposed within at least 21 one of the water flow paths.
23 Advantageously, the first aeration device comprises a diffuser.
Combinations of directional and multidirectional aeration and flow components offer 26 considerable advantage and process benefits. In such a configuration, the directional 27 aerator and the multi-directional aerator are integrated in a single system. The directional 28 aerator may be located so as to direct flow towards the multi-directional aerator, or 29 alternatively to draw water from it. A multi-directional aerator can typically deliver a greater volume of air to the water however the directional system can typically better propel the 31 aerated water, thus increasing the potential contact time before air bubbles reach the 32 surface and thus increasing oxygen transfer capacity. By combining these aerators in 33 proximity or as one unit, both increased air delivery and longer contact time with media 34 and water, are achieved resulting in surprisingly increased treatment capacities 1 Embodiments of the second to fourth aspects of the invention may include one or more 2 features of the first aspect of the invention or its embodiments, or vice versa.
4 According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a module adapted for use in the integrated water treatment system of any of the first to fourth aspects.
7 According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an attached growth 8 media element adapted for use in the integrated water treatment system of any of the first 9 to fourth aspects.
11 According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided an aeration 12 device adapted for use in the integrated water treatment system of any of the first to fourth 13 aspects.
Embodiments of the fifth to seventh aspects of the invention may include one or more 16 features of the first aspect of the invention or its embodiments, or vice versa.
18 According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a plurality of 19 integrated water treatment systems according to the first aspect of the present invention disposed within a body of water.
22 Preferably, the plurality of integrated water treatment systems are arranged so as to 23 circulate water therebetween. Optionally, the plurality of integrated water treatment 24 systems are arranged so as to define zones of fully and/or partially treated water.
Optionally, the plurality of integrated water treatment systems are arranged so as to define 26 zones where suspended solids are settled.
28 Preferably, the integrated water treatment systems are spaced so as to provide 29 denitrification zones. Optionally, the plurality of integrated water treatment systems are arranged to provide a plurality of processing loops. Preferably, at least one of the 31 integrated water treatment systems is configured to transfer water from one processing 32 loop to another.
1 Optionally the integrated water treatment systems are configured to operate according to a 2 predetermined schedule. Alternatively, the plurality of integrated water treatment systems 3 are configured to operate in response to one or more measured or determined values.
Embodiments of the eighth aspect of the invention may include one or more features of the 6 first aspect of the invention or its embodiments, or vice versa.
1 Brief description of the drawings
3 There will now be described, by way of example only, various embodiments of the 4 invention with reference to the drawings, of which: 6 Figure 1 illustrates a plan view of a floating water treatment system in accordance with an 7 embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention; 9 Figure 2 illustrates a perspective view of the floating water treatment system illustrated in Figure 1; 12 Figure 3 illustrates a perspective side view from slightly below a floating water treatment 13 system in accordance with an alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the present 14 invention; 16 Figure 4 illustrates a plan view of a floating water treatment system in accordance with 17 another alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention; 19 Figure 5 illustrates an enlarged side view from slightly above the floating water treatment system illustrated in Figure 4; 22 Figure 6 illustrates a top down perspective view of a floating water treatment system in 23 accordance with a further alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the present 24 invention; 26 Figure 7 illustrates a cross-sectional side view of the floating water treatment system 27 illustrated in Figure 6; 29 Figure 8 illustrates a floating water treatment system in accordance with a yet further alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention; 32 Figure 9 illustrates a top down view of a floating water treatment system in accordance 33 with a yet further still alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the present 34 invention; 1 Figure 10 illustrates a side view of the floating water treatment system illustrated in 2 Figure 9; 4 Figure 11 illustrates in schematic form a deployment of floating water systems according to one or various embodiments of aspects of the present invention; 7 Figure 12 illustrates in schematic form an alternative deployment of floating water systems 8 according to one or various embodiments of aspects of the present invention; Figure 13 illustrates in schematic form a further alternative deployment of floating water 11 systems according to one or various embodiments of aspects of the present invention; 13 Figure 14 illustrates in schematic form a yet further deployment of floating water systems 14 according to one or various embodiments of aspects of the present invention; 16 Figure 15 illustrates in schematic form an array of frameworks having supporting braces; 17 and 19 Figure 16 illustrates in schematic form a folding framework.
1 Detailed description of preferred embodiments
3 Figure 1 illustrates a plan view of a floating water treatment system 1 in accordance with 4 an embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention.
6 The system I can be seen to comprise six flotation platforms 5, each platform 5 7 individually structurally braced by means of framework 3. From each platform 5 is 8 suspended a number of attached growth media elements 7 (visible in perspective view in 9 Figure 2). The platforms 5 are hexagonal (although any manner of shape could be employed e.g. round, square, triangular, rectangular, parallelogram etc. dependent on 11 functional and/or aesthetic requirements). Furthermore, these platforms are modular, 12 which means that the system can be broken down and/or constructed into/from smaller 13 parts (easing storage, shipping etc.) and expanding the range of locations where the 14 system can readily be installed to improve water quality and provide treatment.
16 The media platforms 5 are disposed around a central platform 9 from which is suspended 17 a multi-directional aerator (not visible in Figure 1 or Figure 2, but corresponding feature 18 visible in Figure 3, reference numeral 111). Arrows 21 indicate generally the flow from the 19 aerator.
21 In this example, the attached growth media elements (shown schematically by reference 22 numeral 7) are engineered but it will be understood that they may be engineered (for 23 example, brush, curtain, spiral, leave, feathered, strips, etc.), natural (for example, living 24 plants and roots, etc.) or indeed a combination of both or several types of media. In this embodiment, the media elements 7 are installed in a radial configuration.
27 Platform 5a is a modified platform 5 incorporating a tensioned supporting mesh 13 from 28 which the engineered media 7 may be hung. Tensioning support mesh 13 may also (or 29 alternatively) support planted ecologies, for example to establish a high volume of root mass as live substrate attached growth treatment media. A three directional mesh is 31 shown and may, for example, comprise Triax, as manufactured by Tensar. The mesh 13 32 may be tensioned adding to the overall strength of the platform 5a and/or system 1. Of 33 course, other meshes or supporting grids may be used! 1 Each framework 3 consists of six individual structural buoyant members each consisting, 2 in this embodiment, of internally heated and sealed or thermally angle welded sections of 3 plastic pipe. Each seal or weld provides a vertical flange, and said vertical flanges are 4 connected to produce a framework 3. In this way, custom floating structures of variable buoyancy and complex design may now be achieved while maintaining strength. In 6 applications requiring higher buoyancy and increased durability, larger diameter pipes with 7 greater wall thickness can be used for either greater flotation or greater strength.
9 A secured and lockable cover 15 is also shown. The cover 15 prevents unauthorised access to the aerator, associated control apparatus etc. and to the underside of the 11 floating water treatment system 1.
13 In Figure 2, live substrate attached growth treatment media in the form of living ecologies 14 and/or plant roots are generally indicated by reference numeral 17, suspended from the mesh 13.
17 Figure 3 shows a perspective side view from slightly below a floating water treatment 18 system 101 in accordance with an alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the 19 present invention. Like reference numerals may be assumed to refer to like features.
21 In this embodiment, natural attached growth media rather than engineered media is 22 shown, indicated generally by reference numeral 117. As stated above, it is foreseen that 23 the system 101 may employ natural, engineered or a combination of both media types.
As in Figure 1, Figure 3 illustrates a system 101 comprising six flotation platforms 105, 26 provided with buoyancy by means of a framework 103 of sealed or thermally angle welded 27 (e.g. pinch welded) plastic pipes. Again, hexagonal platforms are shown, although it is 28 apparent that the platforms may be round, square, or triangular etc. allowing the system 29 101 to conform to complex custom shapes to integrate with an application system, landscape and/or desired process flow. Reference numeral 106 indicates a pivot point, 31 formed by a removable connection between flanges of adjoining pipes, whereby 32 components of the system 101 may be removed (or partially un-fastened) and folded for 33 transport in more compact form (see Figure 16).
1 Aerator 111, which may for example be a Toring Turbine as manufactured by Toring 2 Turbine LLC, is a multi-directional turbine that produces aerated water flow outwards from 3 the centre of the system 101. Submersible self-aspirating aerators, such as manufactured 4 by ABS Wastewater Technology Ltd among others, may also be suitable in this location.
Proximal to the aerator 111, the central platform 109 also comprises two foam breaker 6 baffles 125, which may assist in re-incorporating generated foam in to the water flow 7 generated by the aerator 111. The low angle baffles 125 illustrated are intended to reduce 8 obstruction of the flow, although the shape adopted will depend on the particular 9 circumstances and/or effect required.
11 Figure 4 shows a plan view of, and Figure 5 an enlarged side view from slightly above, a 12 floating water treatment system 201 in accordance with another alternative embodiment of 13 at least one aspect of the present invention. Similarly, like reference numerals may be 14 assumed to refer to like features.
16 Central platform 209 is provided with a directional aerator 211 and deflector plate 212.
17 The directional aerator 211 and deflector plate 212 generate a generally linear flow 221, in 18 contrast with the multi-directional flow of the above-described embodiments. The attached 19 growth media 7 is arranged in a parallel configuration so and correspondingly act as flow channelling baffles to further direct the flow generated by the system. Examples of 21 suitable aerators would be the Turbo-Jet manufactured by LINN Gerätebau GmbH, the 22 Aqua Turbo manufactured by Aquasystems International N.y., or the ABS Venturi Jet 23 Aerator as manufactured by ABS Wastewater Technology Ltd (although the skilled person 24 will appreciate that any suitable mechanical aeration, blower and/or diffuser or Venturi or aspirating type aeration apparatus may be employed). The deflector plate 212 improves 26 directionality and prevents or reduces stirring of bottom sediments in shallow water 27 applications but is not essential.
29 Foam breaker baffles 225 are also illustrated, as well as an air inlet 226 at the top of the foam baffle. Also illustrated in detail in Figure 5 is a curved coupling bracket 204 which is 31 used to connect adjacent platform frameworks 203 at pinch weld flanges 206.
33 Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a floating water treatment system 301 in accordance with a 34 further alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention. Again, like reference numerals may be assumed to refer to like features. This embodiment is similar 1 to the embodiment of Figures 4 and 5 in having a directional aerator 311 and deflector 2 plate 312, however in an elongated configuration. The elongated configuration increases 3 the amount of media within the flow path 321.
This embodiment also shows plants and corresponding plant roots providing both live 6 substrate (natural) attached growth treatment media 307b, as well as engineered attached 7 growth treatment media 307a.
9 Adjustable mounting brackets, 310 are also illustrated. The adjustable mounting brackets allow the angle or direction of flow to be managed, as well as the depth at which the 11 aerator 311 operates.
13 Figure 8 illustrates a floating water treatment system 301 in accordance with a yet further 14 alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention. Again, like reference numerals may be assumed to refer to like features. This embodiment employs 16 curtains 407c as attached growth media, the curtains constructed from geotextile or other 17 appropriate material. The curtain configuration provides an alternative flow channelling 18 system to direct flow 421. In addition, live substrate media 407b is shown within the flow 19 421 generated by directional aerator 411 and deflector plate 412.
21 Figures 9 and 10 illustrate a floating water treatment system 501 in accordance with a yet 22 further still alternative embodiment of at least one aspect of the present invention. Again, 23 like reference numerals may be assumed to refer to like features.
This embodiment employs a dual aerator configuration. Such a configuration is 26 advantageous as it allows the aeration from a multi directional aerator 511 b (e.g. of 27 mechanical, diffuser or Venturi type), which will typically have a higher air delivery rate, to 28 be dispersed in the flow from the directional aerator 511a (and deflector plate 512a), 29 significantly extending the flow from the aerator 51 Ia over a greater distance. This extends the contact time between the air and the water and increases oxygen transfer, as well as 31 air to media 507 contact time.
33 The relationship between contact time of aeration bubbles as they travel through water 34 and the amount of oxygen transferred is well known. Increased oxygen transfer, and increased media contact, provides increased metabolism and break down of (for example) 1 organic carbon biological/chemical oxygen demand (BOD/COD) and nitrification of nutrient 2 pollution to achieve enhanced treatment.
4 The dual aerator embodiment offers particular advantages when the multi-directional aerator is of the diffuser type. Fine bubbles from diffusers transfer oxygen efficiently 6 where there is sufficient water depth that useful bubble travel time can be achieved. Use 7 of a dual aerator embodiment can extend the travel time of fine bubbles from diffusers, 8 allowing their advantages to be enhanced and also to be applied in shallow water 9 applications. Diffusers may be supplied by a compressed air supply from a blower mounted on the central floating platform, mounted on the shore, or optionally a 11 submersible water cooled blower may be suspended below the central floating platform.
12 The air diffusers may be of disk, tube or other design, and may optionally be integrated in 13 proximity to the attached growth treatment media.
Attached growth media 507 is not shown in Figure 10 in order to clearly (and generally) 16 illustrate how the flow path 521 is established. Engineered or natural types (or a 17 combination of both types) of attached growth media may be employed. It will be readily 18 apparent how the configuration and/or arrangement of the attached growth media 19 elements 507 influence the flow paths 521.
21 Combinations of directional and multidirectional diffusers and aerators offer considerable 22 advantage and process benefits. In such a configuration, the directional aerator and the 23 multi-directional aerator are integrated in a single system. The directional aerator may be 24 located so as to direct flow towards the multi-directional aerator, or alternatively to draw water from it. A multi-directional aerator can typically deliver a greater volume of air to the 26 water however the directional system can typically better propel the aerated water, thus 27 increasing the potential contact time before air bubbles reach the surface -thus increasing 28 oxygen transfer capacity. By combining these aerators in proximity or as one unit, both 29 increased air delivery and longer contact time are achieved resulting in surprisingly increased treatment capacities.
32 An exemplary directional aerator utilises a self-aspirating impellor system enclosed within 33 an encompassing housing. The housing typically features an opening at the bottom at one 34 side with the outflow at the top on the opposite site from the inlet. This channels the flow in a single direction, reducing re-aeration and channelling outflow on a preferred direction.
2 An alternative directional aerator incorporates a directionally oriented self-aspirating non- 3 clogging flow device, with a submerged motor and horizontal or slightly inclined shaft 4 configuration. This configuration draws air down an intake shaft, and entrains it in a directional pattern generated by the impellor.
7 Optionally, where sufficient air supply is achieved by the multidirectional aerator or 8 diffuser, the directional aerator may be substituted for a directional mixer, or similar flow 9 generating device.
11 A multi directional aerator may employ an aspirating impellor system that circulates water 12 in 360 degrees, evenly dispersing oxygen and circulation effects in all directions. A 13 substantial upwards flow is created which can de-stratify sections where beneficial. Water 14 to be treated typically undergoes two or more passes through the active zone with the application of a multidirectional aerator of this nature. Air is drawn down the impellor 16 shaft, and dispersed out through holes in the rotating impellor. The impellor may be of a 17 disk design or in another embodiment may incorporate multiple tubules, extending down 18 the shaft and radiating outwards. Through centrifugal force of the spinning shaft, the 19 tubules are extended and their speed through the water draws air down through the Venturi principle, where it is diffused in to the water.
22 Effective water treatment can typically require multiple stages, each requiring specific 23 conditions for optimum treatment performance. An initial stage typically consists of a 24 BOD/COD reduction and oxidation stage where a degree of mixing may be advantageous and acceptable. Subsequent stages may include a nitrification stage with increased media 26 for stabilization of autotrophic nitrifying organisms.
28 A third stage may include a denitrification stage requiring an anoxic process. In this stage, 29 aeration is restricted while circulation is maintained. Circulation with limited aeration may be achieved by suction from a directional power train system.
32 Where space and hydraulic retention time allows multiple passes through multiple stages, 33 multiple times, provides advanced treatment. Alternatively a semi-complete recirculation 34 also affords positive results where the system is configured for only a few stages. The overall system may be configured to prioritize a specified recirculation process according 1 to the anticipated pollution loading and constituents, for example the nitrogen to COD/BOD 2 loading ratio.
4 The final stage is typically a clarification stage, providing an acquiescent zone, for precipitation of suspended bacterial flocs, and suspended solids. This stage may optionally 6 include an array of attached growth treatment media positioned so as to calm flow 7 intercepting and filtering suspended solids in the waste stream. There will now be 8 described some example treatment deployments.
Figure 11 illustrates in schematicform a system configuration/deploymentfora channel, 11 lagoon or similar application with flow 621 entering at one end. Disposed within the 12 channel is a number of floating water treatment systems I as described above with 13 reference to Figure 1 (although any system according to the present invention employing a 14 multi-directional aerator may be employed).
16 (Note that in this deployment, and the other described deployments to follow, in the 17 relevant Figures region "A" refers to a region in which oxidation occurs; "B" to a region 18 where nitrification occurs; "C" to a region where de-nitrification occurs; "D" to a region 19 where clarification occurs; and "E" to a region or body of treated water).
21 As flow enters the channel, an initial process stage for oxidation, and break down of BOD 22 fOOD occurs in region A. As the flow progresses, BOD/COD level is reduced and nitrifying 23 bacteria are established in greater numbers, stabilized by attached growth surfaces of first 24 system 1. Subsequent systems I provide on-going BOD/COD breakdown processes (schematically indicated by regions A) as well as nitrification processes (schematically 26 indicated by regions B).
28 In this way, BOD/COD may be substantially reduced and remaining units I may favour 29 nitrification and nutrient removal process (regions B). In order to achieve de-nitrification units may be spaced to allow the necessary anoxic conditions for de-nitrification to be 31 achieved (regions C for example).
33 Denitrification (regions C) as well as clarification (region D) may also be effectively 34 achieved through pulsed timing of the aerators of the deployed systems 1. For example, all systems may run for a number of hours, and then all may be shut off periodically 1 allowing anoxic conditions and de-nitrification to temporarily develop reducing nitrogen in 2 the outflow and increasing purity of the water output (region F).
4 Multiple systems according to varying embodiments of aspects of the present invention may be linked in series or configured to provide complex flows with the substantial benefits 6 to be had by establishing linked and overlapping recirculating flow patterns.
8 Figure 12 shows a deployment that achieves a type of circular process flow configuration.
9 The combination of directional flow, multi-directional flow, and diffused or Venturi aeration as suitable allow complex process flow patterns to be achieved with increased efficiency, 11 and improved performance.
13 A tank, vessel, lagoon, lake or waterway is shown with a three-system deployment. The 14 deployment is arranged to provide a circular re-circulation. Incoming water (721) first undergoes an aerobic oxidation breakdown (A) at a multi-directional system 1. It is mixed 16 with a portion of re-circulated flow, directed back by a directional system 201 17 (corresponding, for example, to system 201 of Figure 4). The amount of recirculation may 18 be controlled by the angle, power, speed and timing of aerator of the directional system 19 201. Recirculation may typically be a multiple of Ixto lOx of the incoming flow 721, though this will depend on the particular circumstances.
22 Advanced nutrient removal may be achieved through adjustment of operational rate, and 23 timing of each system 1,201. For example all units 1,201 may run, and then all units I 24 except the directional flow unit 201 are turned off. In such a process, a highly aerobic process occurs as the first step and then the air supply is reduced but the directional flow 26 is maintained. The directional flow recirculates water containing nitrates nitrified in the first 27 process stage in region B. As the high nitrate water recirculates it is combined with new 28 inflowing water providing the carbon source in the form of BOD & COD necessary for de- 29 nitrification to occur (region C). In a reduced air process stage, hungry heterotrophic organisms may also take up exceptionally high levels of phosphorous, in the sudden 31 change of process conditions. Sludge extraction or stabilization can be implemented to 32 effectively remove this phosphorous from the water.
34 The configuration in Figure 13 may be operated to provide a number of process stages by use of timers, automatic probes, or manual adjustments. Systems 1,201 may be operated 1 in a timed series, or in pulses to achieve the maximum efficiency. Pre-set algorithms may 2 be programmed, triggered by flow or concentration events. Triggering may include, for 3 example a change in DO, NH3, or Redox, at the inflow or outflow 821. Each event may 4 trigger a different pre-programmed operational response including series of operation, time, rate, power and series for example.
7 In this deployment, a "figure eight" configuration is provided with each process loop set to 8 run in opposing directions. The upper two units (proximal to the inflow), may be run as a 9 unit, and then the bottom two units (proximal to the outflow) may be run subsequently. In this process two recirculating zones are provided in series. The operational rate and 11 number of circulations is adjustable in each zone. At the intersection of the loops, water is 12 drawn back to the first loop from the second loop by the directional system 201.
14 Figure 14 shows a sophisticated layout with multiple re-circulation zones to achieve advanced treatment and pollution removal. This configuration mimics aspects of a cross 16 vertex spiralling flow typical of a natural waterway.
18 As with the system shown in Figure 13, each process stage may be operated with multiple 19 variables to provide an exceptional range of flexibility (for example, to respond to variations in flow and pollution concentration and outflow water quality target in highly 21 efficient manner).
23 An installation of this scale may have the treatment capacity to treat the waste water 24 equivalent to ten thousand people or more, to secondary standards, with the appearance of an archipelago of floating islands. Controls, probes and timers, or both may be 26 triggered by flow and loading variations and events. The flow pattern may be logged, and 27 the efficacy of the operational response monitored through online instrumentation.
28 Through a learning process of trial responses to variations in inflow, operating software 29 may become increasingly refined and the operational process control develops and evolves over time.
32 Figure 15 illustrates in schematic form an array of frameworks 1003 having supporting 33 braces 1002 extending between opposite sealed or thermally angle welded pipes to 34 provide support for media (indicated generally by 1005). The brace is oriented so as to sit down below the centre-line of the rest of the structure. This, for example, maintains the 1 mesh at the correct elevation and provides additional buoyancy as it will generally be 2 submerged.
4 Figure 16 illustrates in schematic form a framework 103 as previously described with reference to Figure 3 above, in which the removable connection has been removed and 6 the framework 3 folded for transport or storage in more compact form. Note that the 7 curved bracket or rotator used to connect the modules holds them closely together and 8 stable against wracking forces, but allows flexibility horizontally. Wave action may 9 otherwise stress the connection points. Where flat flanges are used the stress of wave action may be conveyed directly to the plastic material, which would weaken it over time.
11 The curved bracket disclosed above allows the stress of wave motion to be dissipated as 12 the individual units can freely pivot about the respective bracketing point.
14 The present invention provides a cost effective, easy to transport and easy to install floating water treatment technology to address the problem of water contamination. The 16 system may be applied in a lagoon, in a surface flow wetland system, or in a new 17 treatment plant. It may also be applied in open waterways such as canals, rivers, ponds or 18 lakes without the requirement for a controlled reactor volume.
The present invention provides a modular, floating, (optionally foldable) and shippable 21 treatment system which can effectively be used to complete decentralized waste water 22 treatment plants, reducing or negating the length and cost of piping networks.
23 A treatment system according to the invention may also be inserted in to an existing 24 treatment system, increasing its capacity and performance.
26 Provision of a hollow structural cover provides a means for containing contaminant 27 carrying aerosols, typically associated with mechanical aeration devices. Such a 28 component also allows for filtered air to pass through planted media (where present), 29 replacing and replenishing oxygen diffused by the aeration equipment and providing a primary filter, to malodorous gasses potentially released in the aeration process.
32 Integrated treatment systems according to the present invention may, for example, be 33 deployed within a water area which is periodically subject to combined sewage overflow or 34 storm drain discharge. Such systems may be aesthetically appealing yet provide a powerful treatment process reducing pollution and protecting the environment, without the 1 need to compromise on form or function. They may also be applied in locations where it is 2 desired to recycle water, and a cost effective, low impact treatment is required. It may also 3 be applied in bioremediation purposes and for retrofitting in existing treatment works.
4 Embodiments of the invention provide for rapid deployment of effective water treatment systems.
7 The invention provides an integrated water treatment system and arrangements of such 8 water treatment systems, suitable for use in the treatment of contaminated water, 9 wastewater, potable water, industrial water as well as polluted water bodies. An integrated water treatment system according to the invention comprises one or more modules 11 adapted to float in a body of water, one or more attached growth media elements for 12 suspension in the body of water; and one or more aeration devices suspended from the at 13 least one module for aerating the body of water, and to generate water flow where the one 14 or more attached growth media elements are disposed within the water flow. The system may include a multi-directional aeration device, a directional aeration device, ora 16 combination of multi-directional and directional aeration devices. Arrangements including 17 a plurality of integrated water treatment systems are also disclosed.
19 The foregoing description of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to 21 the precise form disclosed. The described embodiments were chosen and described in 22 order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby 23 enable others skilled in the art to best utilise the invention in various embodiments and 24 with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. Therefore, further modifications or improvements may be incorporated without departing from the 26 scope of the invention herein intended.
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US14/005,427 US9850149B2 (en) 2011-03-17 2012-03-19 Integrated water treatment system
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