GB2487296A - Pulse Detonation Device with Catalyst Obstacles, and Used in a Detonation Device Cleaning System - Google Patents
Pulse Detonation Device with Catalyst Obstacles, and Used in a Detonation Device Cleaning System Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2487296A GB2487296A GB1200430.5A GB201200430A GB2487296A GB 2487296 A GB2487296 A GB 2487296A GB 201200430 A GB201200430 A GB 201200430A GB 2487296 A GB2487296 A GB 2487296A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- pulse detonation
- detonation
- obstacles
- pulse
- catalyst
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 80
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract description 24
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 28
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 12
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
- F23J3/02—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys
- F23J3/023—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys cleaning the fireside of watertubes in boilers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
- B08B7/0007—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by explosions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C15/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in pulses influenced by acoustic resonance in a gas mass
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
- F23M9/06—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in fire-boxes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R7/00—Intermittent or explosive combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28G—CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS
- F28G7/00—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves
- F28G7/005—Cleaning by vibration or pressure waves by explosions or detonations; by pressure waves generated by combustion processes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
Abstract
A pulse detonation device 20 has a body member 83 which has an outer wall 157 and an inner wall 158 that defines a pulse detonation zone 135. The device further includes a plurality of obstacles 171 that extend along the pulse detonation zone, and at least a portion of the obstacles include a combustion catalyst 173, 180, 184. The catalyst may include at least one of a chromium oxide, a cobalt oxide, an iron compound, a copper compound, palladium, platinum, and calcium nitrate. The pulse detonation device may include three pulse detonation zones 135, 149, 160, and two flow redirection zones 152, 163. The flow redirection zones redirects flow between the first, second and third detonation zones. The device is used in a detonation cleaning system 1, and the device is coupled to a vessel 8, such as a boiler 2. In use, the catalyst promotes detonation, and the pulse detonation device directs supersonic shockwaves 44 into the vessel to dislodge or loosen any build-up of debris.
Description
CATALYST OBSTACLES FOR PULSE DETONATION DEVICE EMPLOYED IN
A DETONATION DEVICE CLEANING SYSTEM
The subject matter disclosed herein relates generally to coal burning systems and, more particularly, to catalyst obstacles provided in a pulse detonation device employed in a detonation cleaning system.
Industrial boilers operate by using a heat source to create steam from water or another working fluid, which can then be used to drive a turbine in order to supply power.
Conventionally, the heat source is a combustor that bums a fuel in order to generate heat, which is then transferred into the working fluid via a heat exchanger, such as a fluid conducting tube or pipe. Burning fuel may generate residues that often are left behind forming a buildup on surfaces of associated ducting or the heat exchanger.
This buildup can lead to performance degradation related to an increase in pressure drop, reduced fuel efficiency, and damage to mechanical components. Performance degradation can eventually lead to costly planned or unplanned outages. Periodic removal or prevention of such buildup maintains the operational efficiency of such boiler systems. In the past, the buildup was removed by directing pressurized steam, water jets, acoustic waves, and mechanical haimnering onto the inner surfaces of the combustor or heat exchanger. However, such methods are often times costly and not always effective. More recently, detonative combustion devices are being used to remove the buildup. Detonative combustion devices that burn customer friendly fuels, such as natural gas and propane, tend to require large detonation chamber diameters and lengths, which, in turn, require a relatively large installation footprint.
Moreover, in some cases, such detonation devices require oxygen enrichment in order to create the detonations. flexible fuels, or fuels having a large detonation cell size and high direct initiation energy, such as natural gas and propane, do not burn properly in existing systems without the addition of some amount of oxygen. More specifically, when using flexible fuels in existing detonative combustions devices, flame propagation velocity is less than desired, resulting in little or no cleaning ability for the resulting combustion process.
I
According to one aspect of the invention, a pulse detonation device includes a body member having an outer wall and an inner wall that defines a pulse detonation zone and a plurality of obstacles extend along the pulse detonation zones. At least a portion of the plurality of obstacles include a combustion catalyst.
According to another aspect of the invention, a detonation cleaning system includes a vessel having an interior chamber, and a pulse detonation device operatively coupled to the vessel and fluidly coupled to the interior chamber. The pulse detonation device includes a body member having an outer wall and an inner wall that defines a pulse detonation zone. A plurality of obstacles extend along at the pulse detonation zone.
At least a portion of the plurality of obstacles includes a combustion catalyst.
Various advantages and features will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the drawings.
The subject matter, which is regarded as the invention, is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a top schematic view of an interior chamber of a vessel, shown in the form of an industrial boiler, having a pulse detonation device constructed in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the pulse detonation device of FIG. 1.
The detailed description explains embodiments of the invention, together with advantages and features, by way of example with reference to the drawings.
With initial reference to FIG. 1, a detonation cleaning system 1 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment includes a vessel, shown in the form of an industrial boiler is indicated generally at 2. Vessel 2 includes a main body 4 having an outer surface 6 and an inner surface 7 that defines an interior chamber 8. In the embodiment shown, vessel 2 includes a flange 10 that is provided on main body 4. Cleaning system 1 also includes a pulse detonation device 20 operatively connected to flange 10 and, as will become more fully evident below, an air source 23 and a fuel source 24 that are electrically connected to a controller 40. Pulse detonation device 20 is selectively operated to direct a supersonic pulse detonation or shockwave 44 into interior chamber 8 to dislodge or loosen any build-up of debris.
Pulse detonation device 20 includes a body member 83 having a first end or inlet 86 that extends to a second end or outlet 87 through an intermediate portion 89. With this arrangement, controller 40 establishes a desired fuellair mixture that is passed to inlet 86 of pulse detonation device 20. The fuel air mixture is ignited to form a pulse detonation wave that is directed through transition piece 91 and into interior chamber 8 to loosen debris, such as soot that my be clinging to internal surfaces of vessels 2.
Controller 40 is also configured to set a desired frequency of supersonic pulse detonation wave 44 emanating from pulse detonation device 20. Controller 40 can set a frequency of up to about 20 Hz for the pulse detonation wave. The frequency of the pulse detonation wave can be controlled to aid in establishing non-uniform, frequency shifted, waves that cooperate to dislodge the debris. Supersonic pulse detonation wave 44 can reach temperatures up to about 2500 °F (1371.1 °C) degrees or better.
The high temperatures and non-uniform shockwaves achievable by the use of a pulse detonation device cooperates to enhance the removal of debris from vessel 2.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, pulse detonation device 20 includes a central pulse detonation tube 126 arranged within body member 83, and an intermediate pulse detonation tube 128 arranged within body member 83 and about central pulse detonation tube 126. Central pulse detonation tube 126 includes a first end 132 that extends to a second end 133 through an intermediate portion 134 that defines a first pulse detonation zone 135. In the embodiment shown, first end 132 defines a fuel and air inlet 137 coupled to fuel air source 23 and fuel source 24. Intermediate pulse detonation tube 128 includes a first end 146 that extends to a second end 147 through an intermediate portion 148 that defines a second pulse detonation zone 149. Second end 147 of intermediate pulse detonation tube 128 includes a flow redirection zone 152 having a curvilinear surface 154. As will be discussed more frilly below, flow redirection zone 152 guides a turbulent combustion wave from first pulse detonation zone 135 toward second pulse detonation zone 149.
Body member 83 of pulse detonation device 20 includes an outer wall 157 and an inner wall 158 that defines a third pulse detonation zone 160. In addition, inlet 86 is shown to include a second flow redirection zone 163 having a curvilinear surface 165.
Second flow redirection zone 163 redirects the turbulent combustion wave from second pulse detonation zone 149 toward third pulse detonation zone 160. With this anangement, pulse detonation device 20 includes a curvilinear flow path that promotes the turbulent combustion wave into a shockwave that is detonated to form supersonic pulse detonation wave 44. The curvilinear flow path enables pulse detonation device 20 to have a short overall length while ensuring a desired detonation of the shockwave.
In order to further promote the shock wave and enhance detonation, a first plurality of obstacles 171 extend along first pulse detonation zone 135. First plurality of obstacles 171 take the form of annular discs and are configured to bend/fold the turbulent combustion wave to help promote the shock wave. In accordance with one aspect of the exemplary embodiment, one or more of the first plurality of obstacles 171 are formed from a combustion catalyst 173 that is configured to aid/promote the detonation of the shockwave. In accordance with another aspect of the exemplary embodiment, one or more of the first plurality of obstacles 171 are coated with combustion catalyst 173. In either case, combustion catalyst 173 includes at least one of a chromium oxide, a cobalt oxide, an iron compound, a copper compound, palladium, platinum, and calcium nitrate. Of course it should be understood that combustion catalyst 173 can be formed from a variety of materials that are configured to catalytically increase combustion.
In further accordance with the exemplary embodiment, a second plurality of obstacles 178 extend along second pulse detonation zone 149. In a manner similar to that described above, second plurality of obstacles 178 take the form of annular discs. In accordance with one aspect of the exemplary embodiment, one or more of the second plurality of obstacles 178 are formed from a combustion catalyst 180 that is configured to aid/promote the detonation of the shockwave. In accordance with another aspect of the exemplary embodiment, one or more of the second plurality of obstacles 178 are coated with combustion catalyst 180. In a manner similar to that described above, combustion catalyst 180 includes at least one of a chromium oxide, a cobalt oxide, an iron compound, a copper compound, palladium, platinum, and calcium nitrate. As noted above, combustion catalyst 180 can be formed from a variety of materials that are configured to catalytically increase combustion.
In still further accordance with the exemplary embodiment a third plurality of obstacles 184 extend along third pulse detonation zone 160. In a manner also similar to that described above, third plurality of obstacles 184 take the form of annular discs.
In accordance with one aspect of the exemplary embodiment, one or more of the third plurality of obstacles 184 are formed from a combustion catalyst 186 that is configured to aid/promote the detonation of the shockwave. In accordance with another aspect of the exemplary embodiment, one or more of the third plurality of obstacles 184 are coated with catalyst 186. In a manner similar to that described above, catalyst 186 includes at least one of a chromium oxide, a cobalt oxide, an iron compound, a copper compound, palladium, platinum, and calcium nitrate. Also, as noted above, combustion catalyst 180 can be formed from a variety of materials that are configured to catalytically increase combustion.
Combustion catalysts 173, 180 and 186 react with the shockwave to promote detonation. The addition of combustion catalysts 173, 180, and 186 to obstacles 171, 178 and 184 respectively allows pulse detonation device 20 to have a much shorter length than currently achievable by existing pulse detonation devices. At this point it should be understood that while described as annular discs, the obstacles can take on a variety of forms. Also, in addition to forming/coating the obstacles with the combustion catalyst, pulse detonation device 20 could also be constructed with one or more of the central pulse detonation tube, the intermediate pulse detonation tube, and the inner wall of the body member being formed from, or coated with, a combustion catalyst. Finally, the particular type, and/or geometry of the pulse detonation device could vary. That is, while shown as a reverse flow pulse detonation device, e.g., a detonation device that includes a curvilinear detonation path, the obstacles could also be employed in detonation devices having a substantially linear detonation path.
While the invention has been described in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the invention is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the invention can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions or equivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which are commensurate with the spirit and scope of the invention. Additionally, while various embodiments of the invention have been described, it is to be understood that aspects of the invention may include only some of the described embodiments. Accordingly, the invention is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description, but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/005,806 US20120180738A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2011-01-13 | Catalyst obstacles for pulse detonation device employed in a detonation device cleaning system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB201200430D0 GB201200430D0 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
| GB2487296A true GB2487296A (en) | 2012-07-18 |
Family
ID=45788781
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1200430.5A Withdrawn GB2487296A (en) | 2011-01-13 | 2012-01-12 | Pulse Detonation Device with Catalyst Obstacles, and Used in a Detonation Device Cleaning System |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20120180738A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102580948A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102012100260A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2487296A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8651066B2 (en) * | 2010-09-28 | 2014-02-18 | Bha Altair, Llc | Pulse detonation cleaning system |
| US9187335B2 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2015-11-17 | Altmerge, Llc | Pulse jet water desalination and purification |
| US20140357893A1 (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-12-04 | Altmerge, Llc | Recovery from rock structures and chemical production using high enthalpy colliding and reverberating shock pressure waves |
| JP5971438B1 (en) * | 2015-07-07 | 2016-08-17 | Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 | Boiler dust removing device and dust removing method |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050125930A1 (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2005-06-16 | Flatness Scott A. | Detonative cleaning apparatus |
| US20050125931A1 (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2005-06-16 | Chenevert Blake C. | Detonative cleaning apparatus |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5920633A (en) * | 1996-02-12 | 1999-07-06 | Yang; Yi-Fu | Thin-wall multi-concentric cylinder speaker enclosure with audio amplifier tunable to listening room |
| JP3725299B2 (en) * | 1997-06-19 | 2005-12-07 | 株式会社パウダリングジャパン | Combustor for both normal and pulse combustion |
| US7723257B2 (en) * | 2001-10-10 | 2010-05-25 | Dominique Bosteels | Process for the catalytic control of radial reaction |
| US7635461B2 (en) * | 2003-06-06 | 2009-12-22 | University Of Utah Research Foundation | Composite combustion catalyst and associated methods |
| US7011047B2 (en) * | 2003-11-20 | 2006-03-14 | United Technologies Corporation | Detonative cleaning apparatus |
| FI118756B (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2008-03-14 | Nirafon Oy | Process for generating gas pressure pulses in a particulate precipitation purifier and particulate precipitation purifier |
| US7360508B2 (en) * | 2004-06-14 | 2008-04-22 | Diamond Power International, Inc. | Detonation / deflagration sootblower |
| US20070137172A1 (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-06-21 | General Electric Company | Geometric configuration and confinement for deflagration to detonation transition enhancement |
| EP1962046A1 (en) * | 2007-02-22 | 2008-08-27 | General Electric Company | Pulse detonation combustor cleaning device and method of operation |
| FR2918415B1 (en) * | 2007-07-02 | 2013-07-12 | Mbda France | PULSE DETONATED MOTOR OPERATING WITH A FUEL-AIR MIXTURE |
| US8037620B2 (en) * | 2007-07-20 | 2011-10-18 | Pulse Holdings LLC | Pulse combustion dryer apparatus and methods |
| US7987821B2 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2011-08-02 | General Electric Company | Detonation combustor cleaning device and method of cleaning a vessel with a detonation combustor cleaning device |
| US8377232B2 (en) * | 2009-05-04 | 2013-02-19 | General Electric Company | On-line cleaning of turbine hot gas path deposits via pressure pulsations |
-
2011
- 2011-01-13 US US13/005,806 patent/US20120180738A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2012
- 2012-01-12 GB GB1200430.5A patent/GB2487296A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-01-12 DE DE102012100260A patent/DE102012100260A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-01-13 CN CN2012100205591A patent/CN102580948A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050125930A1 (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2005-06-16 | Flatness Scott A. | Detonative cleaning apparatus |
| US20050125931A1 (en) * | 2003-12-11 | 2005-06-16 | Chenevert Blake C. | Detonative cleaning apparatus |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102580948A (en) | 2012-07-18 |
| GB201200430D0 (en) | 2012-02-22 |
| US20120180738A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
| DE102012100260A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) |
Free format text: REGISTERED BETWEEN 20140130 AND 20140205 |
|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |