GB2486656A - Lengthening the path of a laser beam in a monolithic solid state laser - Google Patents

Lengthening the path of a laser beam in a monolithic solid state laser Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2486656A
GB2486656A GB1021618.2A GB201021618A GB2486656A GB 2486656 A GB2486656 A GB 2486656A GB 201021618 A GB201021618 A GB 201021618A GB 2486656 A GB2486656 A GB 2486656A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
double
slope portion
slopes
active element
double slope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB1021618.2A
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GB201021618D0 (en
Inventor
Yaniv Vinde
Nissim Zafrani
Shmuel Greenstein
Dov Abramovich
Yoav Lavon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elbit Systems Electro Optics ELOP Ltd
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Elbit Systems Electro Optics ELOP Ltd
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Priority to GB1021618.2A priority Critical patent/GB2486656A/en
Publication of GB201021618D0 publication Critical patent/GB201021618D0/en
Publication of GB2486656A publication Critical patent/GB2486656A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/0602—Crystal lasers or glass lasers
    • H01S3/0615—Shape of end-face
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/0602—Crystal lasers or glass lasers
    • H01S3/0606—Crystal lasers or glass lasers with polygonal cross-section, e.g. slab, prism
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/0602—Crystal lasers or glass lasers
    • H01S3/0617—Crystal lasers or glass lasers having a varying composition or cross-section in a specific direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/08059—Constructional details of the reflector, e.g. shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/102—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
    • H01S3/13—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude
    • H01S3/131—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation
    • H01S3/1312—Stabilisation of laser output parameters, e.g. frequency or amplitude by controlling the active medium, e.g. by controlling the processes or apparatus for excitation by controlling the optical pumping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/0619—Coatings, e.g. AR, HR, passivation layer
    • H01S3/0621—Coatings on the end-faces, e.g. input/output surfaces of the laser light
    • H01S3/0623—Antireflective [AR]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
    • H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
    • H01S3/0813—Configuration of resonator

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

A solid state laser device is provided. The active element 110 has a double slope portion defining a right angle between the slopes 112, 114, wherein the pump light beam 120 is directed into one of the slopes 112, and wherein an output coupler 160 is configured to output a laser beam from the active element 110 and is located on a portion of the active element opposite to the double slope portion of 110. The double slope portion 112, 114 is configured such that the laser beam travels at least twice along the long axis of the active element. A second and also a third double slope portion 92, 97 may be located at the edge opposite of the first double sloped portion, wherein the second/third double slope portion are perpendicular to the first double slope portion, and wherein the second double slope portion is configured such that the laser beam travels back and forth along the long axis of the active element at least one more time.

Description

LENGTHENING THE PATH OF A LASER BEAM IN A MONOLITHIC SOLID
STATE LASER
BACKGROUND
1. TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates generally to laser devices, and more particularly, to solid state laser devices.
2. DISCUSSION OF THE RELATED ART [0002] Laser pumping is the act of energy transfer from an external source into the gain medium of a laser. The energy is absorbed in the medium, producing excited states in its atoms. When the number of particles in one excited state exceeds the number of particles in the ground state or a less-excited state, population inversion is achieved. In this condition, the mechanism of stimulated emission can take place and the medium can act as a laser or an optical amplifier. The pump power must be higher than the lasing threshold of the laser.
BRIEF SUMMARY
[0003] One aspect of the invention provides a solid state laser device exhibiting a lengthened optical path of the laser beam within the active element. The device includes an active element that has a double slope portion defining a right angle between the slopes, wherein the pump light beam is directed into one of the slopes, and wherein an output coupler configured to output a laser beam from the active element is located on a portion of the active element, opposite of the double slope portion, the double slope portion is configured such that the laser beam travels at least twice along the long axis of the active element. Additionally, the device further includes a second double slopes portion located at the edge opposite of the first double sloped portion, wherein the second double slopes portion is perpendicular to the first double slopes portion, and wherein the second double slopes portion is configured such that the laser beam travels back and forth along the long axis of the active element at least one more time on a parallel plane.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0004] For a better understanding of embodiments of the invention and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, purely by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which like numerals designate corresponding elements or sections throughout.
[0005] In the accompanying drawings: [0006] Figure 1 is a perspective view illustrating a laser device according to some embodiments of the present invention; [0007] Figure 2 is perspective view illustrating a laser device according to some embodiments of the present invention; [0008] Figure 3 is a perspective view illustrating a laser device according to some embodiments of the present invention; [0009] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a laser device according to some embodiments of the present invention; [0010] Figure 5 is a graph diagram illustrating absorption lines of different light pumping elements according to some embodiments of the present invention; and [0011] Figure 6 is a flowchart diagram illustrating a method of laser pumping according to some embodiments of the present invention; [0012] The drawings together with the following detailed description make apparent to those skilled in the art how the invention may be embodied in practice.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] With specific reference now to the drawings in detail, it is stressed that the particulars shown arc by way of example and for purposes of illustrative discussion of the preferred embodiments of the present invention only, and are presented in the cause of providing what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the invention may be embodied in practice.
[0014] Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The invention is applicable to other embodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and should not he regarded as limiting.
[0015] Figure 1 is a perspective view illustrating a laser device according to some embodiments of the present invention comprising an active element 110 exhibiting two perpendicular slopes 112 and 114 located at one end of the active element, and a pumping element pumping via slope 112 (although side pumping is also possible). In addition, the laser device further includes a folding prism 90 having two perpendicular slopes 92. 94 located opposite the double slopes 112 and 114, wherein folding prism is perpendicular to the double slopes portion, and wherein the folding prism 90 is configured such that the laser beam travels at least four times along the long axis of the active element as shown in laser beams 20 and 22 that are on parallel planes. The second double slopes portion 90 is advantageous in achieving an even more efficiency in the lasing and light amplification.
[0016] Figure 2 is a perspective view illustrating a laser device according to some embodiments of the present invention. In addition to folding prism 90 as explained above, the device further includes a polarizer 160 located between folding prism 90 and active element 110 and configured to polarize the laser beam 20 when passing to a lower level (beams 22). This contributes to the stability and the overall quality of the laser beam produced.
[0017] Figure 3 is a perspective view illustrating a laser device according to some embodiments of the present invention including a folding prism 90 and a polarizer as explained above and further another folding prism 95 (slopes 97 and 99) and another polarizer 162 positioned such that another level of laser beams 24 are produced so that even more energy is produced within the laser beam. Similarly -more levels of laser beams may be produces by adding more folding prisms with or without polarizing elements accordingly.
[0018] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a laser device according to some embodiments of the present invention. Solid state laser device may include: an active element 110 configured as a gain medium for lasing; two or more light pumping elements 121-123 optically coupled to active element 110. A control unit 720 is in operative association with light pumping elements 121-123 via multiplexer 710 and is further in operative associating with a temperature dependence lookup table 730.
Figure 5 is a graph diagram illustrating emission lines of light pumping elements 121- 123. As shown, emission lines 821-823 have each a specified range of efficiency (marked in bold lines bordered by x).
[0019] In operation, each one of light pumping elements 121-123 is associated with a specified absorption range as shown and a control module in operative association with the light pumping elements, wherein the control unit is configured to: monitor operational wavelength of each light pumping element; dc-activate a light pumping element whenever its operational wavelength goes beyond a specified range on its respective absorption line; and re-activate a dc-activated light pumping element whenever its operational wavelength goes within the specified range on its respective absorption line.
[0020] Consistent with one embodiment of the invention multiplexer 710 being in operative association with control unit 720 is configured to dc-activate and re-activate the light pumping clement responsive of control unit 720. In addition, control unit 720 is further configured to compare actual operational wavelength of each light pumping element to spectral lines data 730 for determining efficiency range of the light pumping elements upon which the deactivating and re-activating is based.
[0021] Advantageously, multiplexing operation of the pump lighting elements overcomes the need to stabilize the operation of the pump lighting elements (usually diodes) which have a tendency to have a varying operation wavelength dependent upon temperatureS The aforementioned feature thus improves the temperature independence (and hence the temperature operational range) of a solid state laser device. Consistent with yet another embodiment of the invention active element 110 combines the multiplexing feature and the multi layers (planes) of laser beams achieved due to the folding prisms (and polarizing elements) discussed above.
[0022] Figure 6 is a flowchart diagram illustrating a method of laser pumping according to some embodiments of the present invention. The method may include the following steps: pumping an active element configured for lasing, using two or more light pumping elements, each associated with a respective absorption line 910. The method goes on to monitoring operational wavelength of each light pumping element 920. Then, the method goes on to dc-activating a light pumping element whenever its operational wavelength goes beyond a specified range on its respective absorption line 930 and finally to re-activating a dc-activated light pumping element whenever its operational wavelength goes within the specified range on its respective absorption line. Naturally, the deactivating and re-activating may be repeated on an ad hoc basis based on the operational wavelength of each pump lighting element.
[0023] While the invention has been described with respect to a limited number of embodiments, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as exemplifications of some of the preferred embodiments. Other possible variations, modifications, and applications are also within the scope of the invention.

Claims (8)

  1. CLAIMSWhat is claimed is: 1. A solid state laser device comprising: an active element having a double slope portion defining a right angle between the slopes, wherein the pump light beam is directed into one of the slopes, and wherein an output coupler configured to output a laser beam from the active element is located on a portion of the active element, opposite of the double slope portion, the double slope portion is configured such that the laser beam travels at least twice along the long axis of the active element; and a second double slopes portion located at the edge opposite of the first double sloped portion, wherein the second double slopes portion is perpendicular to the first double slopes portion, and wherein the second double slopes portion is configured such that the laser beam travels back and forth along the long axis of the active element at least one more time.
  2. 2. The laser device according to claim 1, further comprising a polarizer coupled to the second double slopes portion and overlapping one of the slopes.
  3. 3. The laser device according to claim 1, further comprising one or more additional double slopes portions located at the edge opposite of the first double sloped portion, wherein each one of the additional double slopes portions is perpendicular to the first double slopes portion, and located alternately at the edge opposite of the first double sloped portion such that each additional double slopes portion is configured such that the laser beam travels back and forth along the long axis of the active element at least one more time.
  4. 4. The laser device according to claim 3, further comprising a polarizer coupled to each one of the second double slopes portion and overlapping one of the slopes.
  5. 5. The laser device according to claim 1, further comprising: two or more light pumping elements optically coupled to the active element, wherein each light pumping element is associatcd with a specified absorption line; and a control module in operative association with the light pumping elements, wherein the control unit is configured to: deduce momentary operational wavelength of each light pumping element; dc-activate a light pumping element whenever its operational wavelength goes beyond a specified range on its respective absorption line; and re-activate a dc-activated light pumping element whenever its operational wavelength goes within the specified range on its respective absorption line.
  6. 6. The laser device according to claim 5, further comprising a multiplexer in operative association with the control unit and the light pumping elements, and wherein the control unit is configured to dc-activate and re-activate the light pumping element via the a multiplexer.
  7. 7. The laser device according to claim 6, wherein the control unit is further configured to compare actual operational wavelength of each light pumping element to spectral lines data for determining efficiency range of the light pumping elements upon which the deactivating and re-activating is based.AMENDMENTS TO CLAIMS HAVE BEEN FILED AS FOLLOWSWhat is claimed is: 1. A solid state laser device comprising: a monolithic active element having a double slope portion defining a right angle between the slopes, wherein a pump light beam is directed into one of the slopes, and wherein an output coupler configured to output a laser beam from the active element is located on a portion of the active element, opposite to the double slope portion, the double slope portion being configured such that the laser beam travels at least twice along the long axis of the active element; and a second double slope portion located on the side opposite to the first double slope portion, wherein the first double slope portion and the second double slope portion are part of a monolithic piece defining the active element, the first and second double slope portions comprising a corner shaped structure, such that the corners of both slope portions are 1-disposed directly opposite one another on a long axis on which the laser beam propagates, the corner sides of the first slope portion being rotated ninety degrees with respect to the (\J corner sides of the second double slope portion, and wherein the second double slope portion is configured such that the laser beam travels back and forth along the long axis of CO the active element at least a further time. c\J2. A solid state laser device comprising: a monolithic active element having a double slope portion defining a right angle between the slopes, wherein a pump light beam is directed into one of the slopes, and wherein an output coupler configured to output a laser beam from the active element is located on a portion of the active element, opposite to the double slope portion, the double slope portion being configured such that the laser beam travels at least twice along the long axis of the active element; and a second double slope portion located on the side opposite to the first double slope portion, wherein the first double slope portion is part of a monolithic piece defining the active element, the first and second double slope portions comprising a corner shaped structure, such that the corners of both slope portions are disposed directly opposite one another on a long axis on which the laser beam propagates, the corner sides of the first slope portion being rotated ninety degrees with respect to the corner sides of the second double slope portion, and wherein the second double slope portion is configured such that the laser beam travels back and forth along the long axis of the active element at least a further time.3. The laser device according to claim 2, further comprising a polarizer coupled to the second double slope portion and overlapping one of the slopes.4. The laser device according to claim 1 or claim 2, further comprising one or more additional double slope portions located on the side opposite to the first double slope portion, wherein each one of the additional double slope portions is perpendicular to the first double slope portion, and located alternately on the side opposite to the first double slope portion, each additional double slope portion being configured such that the laser beam travels back and forth along the long axis of the active element at least a further time.5. The laser device according to claim 4 when dependent on claim 2, further comprising a polarizer coupled to each one of the second double slope portion and overlapping one of the slopes. r c\J6. The laser device according to any preceding claim, further comprising: two or more light pumping elements optically coupled to the active element, wherein each light pumping element is associated with a specified absorption line; and a control module in operative association with the light pumping elements, wherein the control unit is configured to: deduce momentary operational wavelength of each light pumping element; de-activate a light pumping element whenever its operational wavelength goes beyond a specified range on its respective absorption line; and re-activate a de-activated light pumping element whenever its operational wavelength goes within the specified range on its respective absorption line.7. The laser device according to claim 6, further comprising a multiplexer in operative association with the control unit and the light pumping elements, and wherein the control unit is configured to de-activate and re-activate the light pumping element via the a multiplexer.
  8. 8. The laser device according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the control unit is further configured to compare actual operational wavelength of each light pumping element to spectral lines data for determining efficiency range of the light pumping elements upon which the deactivating and re-activating is based. r c\J Co c\J
GB1021618.2A 2010-12-21 2010-12-21 Lengthening the path of a laser beam in a monolithic solid state laser Withdrawn GB2486656A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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GB2486656A true GB2486656A (en) 2012-06-27

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1201594A (en) * 1968-04-29 1970-08-12 American Optical Corp Erbium laser device
GB1274550A (en) * 1968-08-27 1972-05-17 Gen Electric Face-pumped laser device
US5920423A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-07-06 Sdl, Inc. Multiple pumped fiber amplifiers for WDM communication systems with adjustment for the amplifier signal gain bandwidth
US20040070819A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2004-04-15 Nortel Networks Limited Broadband tunable optical amplifier

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1201594A (en) * 1968-04-29 1970-08-12 American Optical Corp Erbium laser device
GB1274550A (en) * 1968-08-27 1972-05-17 Gen Electric Face-pumped laser device
US5920423A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-07-06 Sdl, Inc. Multiple pumped fiber amplifiers for WDM communication systems with adjustment for the amplifier signal gain bandwidth
US20040070819A1 (en) * 2002-10-11 2004-04-15 Nortel Networks Limited Broadband tunable optical amplifier

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