GB2477783A - Power regulation circuit - Google Patents

Power regulation circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2477783A
GB2477783A GB201002453A GB201002453A GB2477783A GB 2477783 A GB2477783 A GB 2477783A GB 201002453 A GB201002453 A GB 201002453A GB 201002453 A GB201002453 A GB 201002453A GB 2477783 A GB2477783 A GB 2477783A
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GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
protection
circuit
unit
power supply
transistor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB201002453A
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GB201002453D0 (en
GB2477783B (en
Inventor
Roger Darraba
Antoine Fouilleul
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Autoliv Development AB
Original Assignee
Autoliv Development AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Autoliv Development AB filed Critical Autoliv Development AB
Priority to GB1002453.7A priority Critical patent/GB2477783B/en
Publication of GB201002453D0 publication Critical patent/GB201002453D0/en
Publication of GB2477783A publication Critical patent/GB2477783A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2477783B publication Critical patent/GB2477783B/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R21/00—Arrangements or fittings on vehicles for protecting or preventing injuries to occupants or pedestrians in case of accidents or other traffic risks
    • B60R21/01—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents
    • B60R21/017—Electrical circuits for triggering passive safety arrangements, e.g. airbags, safety belt tighteners, in case of vehicle accidents or impending vehicle accidents including arrangements for providing electric power to safety arrangements or their actuating means, e.g. to pyrotechnic fuses or electro-mechanic valves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/565—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor
    • G05F1/569—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor for protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
    • H02M1/15—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output using active elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

A power regulation circuit comprises a protection and filtering unit connected in series with a power supply such as a battery 2 and a load 5 and provides reverse polarity protection by preventing current flow through the unit in one direction. Ripple in a supply current of a power supply 7 is sensed and the conductance of the protection and filtering unit is varied, control a voltage drop across the unit to resist the ripple in the supply current. The filtering unit can comprise a MOSFET 10. The average voltage drop across the unit can be controlled at about 0.3V. A signal generator 8 can control the supply of power to a load 5 in pulses and the unit can counteract spikes and ripples in the supply current caused by actuation of the load switching transistor 7 or by a DC-DC converter (fig 4, 24) outputting a different supply voltage. The circuit can be used in a vehicle safety arrangement such as an airbag control unit.

Description

Title: A power regulation circuit
Description of Invention
The present invention relates to a power regulation circuit. Embodiments of the invention relate to a power regulation unit for a vehicle which may be used in a vehicle safety arrangement.
Power regulation circuits are used to regulate the power delivered from a power supply (such as a battery) to, for example, a vehicle safety arrangement or a motor or other electronic or electrical equipment. The vehicle safety arrangement may be an airbag control unit, a control unit for some other safety 1 5 device, or the like.
The operation of a motor connected to a power regulation circuit is, conventionally, controlled through the use of a switching transistor of the power regulation circuit which is switched using a pulse width modulated signal. The switching of the transistor which drives operation of the motor causes spikes in the current drawn from the power supply.
In order to reduce the magnitude of the current spikes caused by the switching of the transistor, an inductor is conventionally connected in series with the power supply.
In order to provide reverse polarity protection for the power regulation circuit a transistor -for example a NMOSFET -is conventionally provided. In the example of the provision of an NMOSFET, the source of the NMOSFET is connected to a negative terminal of the power supply, the drain of the NMOSFET is connected to the switching transistor, and the gate of the NMOSFET is connected (through a resistor) to a positive terminal of the power supply.
An example conventional power regulation circuit is shown in figure 1. The depicted circuit 1 comprises a power supply 2, an inductor 2a, a reverse polarity protection transistor 10, a resistor lOa, a capacitor 9, a motor 5, a diode 6, a transistor 7, and a signal generator 8.
The provision of an inductor 2a significantly increases the size and cost of the power regulation circuit 1.
1 0 The provision of a power regulation circuit which avoids the use of an inductor is disclosed in US2005/0140346. However, the circuit disclosed in this document lacks reverse polarity protection.
Aspects of embodiments of the present invention seek to ameliorate one or
more problems associated with the prior art.
Accordingly, an aspect of the present invention provides a power regulation circuit comprising: power supply terminals configured to be connected to a power supply; load terminals configured for connection to a load and arranged to receive power from a power supply connected to the power supply terminals; a protection and filtering unit connected in series with power supply terminals and the load, and configured to prevent substantially the flow of current through the unit in a first direction and to permit substantially the flow of current through the unit in a second direction; and an active filtering drive circuit connected to the protection and filtering unit and configured to sense a ripple in a supply current of a power supply connected to the power supply terminals and to vary the conductance of the protection and filtering unit to control a voltage drop across the unit to resist the ripple in the supply current.
Preferably, the protection and filtering unit comprises a MOSFET.
Advantageously, the active filtering drive circuit comprises a first circuit to control a voltage drop across the protection and filtering unit to resist the ripple in the supply current and a second circuit to maintain the average voltage drop substantially at a predetermined level.
Conveniently, the predetermined average voltage drop level is about 0.3V.
Preferably, the circuit further comprises a pulsed switching signal generator configured to control the supply of power to a load connected to the load terminals in pulses.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a vehicle safety arrangement comprising a circuit as above.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a part of a vehicle safety arrangement comprising a circuit as above.
Another aspect of the present invention provides an airbag control unit as above.
Embodiments of the present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIGURE 1 shows a conventional power regulation circuit; FIGURE 2 shows a power regulation circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIGURE 3 shows a power regulation circuit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; FIGURE 4 shows an airbag control unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; and FIGURE 5 shows a vehicle safety arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
With reference to figure 2, an embodiment of the present invention comprises a power regulation circuit 1. In an embodiment, the power regulation circuit 1 comprises a power supply 2. The power supply 2 may be a battery and the battery may be a vehicle battery. The power supply 2 may be a lead-acid battery. The power supply 2 may be a vehicle alternator, the output of which is rectified to provide a DC voltage. In an embodiment, the circuit 1 includes terminals for connection to a power supply 2. The power supply 2 is preferably a 12V power supply. The power supply 2 may supply power at a higher voltage (e.g. 1 3V or greater) or a lower voltage (e.g. 11 V or less).
The power regulation circuit includes positive 3 and negative 4 terminals for connection to a load 5 -such as a motor 5. A diode 6 may be connected in parallel with the load 5 across the terminals 3,4. The diode 6 may form part of the power regulation circuit 1. The diode 6 acts as a freewheeling diode to reduce the risk of damage to other components of the circuit 1 when the voltage applied across the terminals 3,4 is reduced rapidly -for example, when the load 5 is an inductive load (such as a motor).
The power regulation circuit 1 includes a switching transistor 7 which is connected in series with the power supply 2 and terminals 3,4 and which is configured to actuate the supply of power to the load 5. The switching transistor 7 is connected between the negative terminal 4 and the power supply 2 and is preferably a MOSFET (such as a NMOSFET). In the depicted example, the switching transistor 7 is an NMOSFET, a source of the switching transistor 7 is connected to the power supply 2, and a drain of the switching transistor 7 is connected to the negative terminal 4 of the circuit 1. A gate of the switching transistor 7 is connected to a signal generator 8. The signal generator 8 may generate a pulse width modulated signal or other another switching signal. The signal generator 8 may be part of a larger control circuit (not shown). The control circuit may output a series of control pulses as a switching signal (i.e. a pulsed switching signal).
In an embodiment, a capacitor 9 is connected in parallel with the terminals 3,4 and the switching transistor 7. In other words, in the depicted example, one 1 0 terminal of the capacitor 9 is connected to the positive terminal 3 of the circuit 1 and the other terminal of the capacitor 9 is connected to the source of the switching transistor 7.
A protection and filtering transistor 10 is connected in series with the parallel 1 5 circuit formed by the switching transistor 7, the terminals 3,4, and the capacitor 9. The protection and filtering transistor 10 is connected between the switching transistor 7 and the power supply 2 and is configured to provide reverse polarity protection. As such, in the depicted example, the protection and filtering transistor 10 is a MOSFET (and preferably an NMOSFET). A source of the protection and filtering transistor 1 0, in the depicted embodiment, is connected to the source of the switching transistor 7 and to a terminal of the capacitor 9. A drain of the protection and filtering transistor 1 0 is connected to power supply 2. A gate of the protection and filtering transistor 10 is connected to an active filtering drive circuit 11.
The active filtering drive circuit 11 is configured to adjust a voltage drop across the protection and filtering transistor 10 to counteract spikes and/or ripples in the supply current caused by the switching (by actuation of the switching transistor 7) of the voltage across the load 5.
When a positive supply current spike occurs there is a corresponding drop in the supply voltage. The active filtering drive circuit 11 senses this voltage drop and reduces the conductance of the protection and filtering transistor 1 0 such that the reduction in the supply voltage (and hence the spike in the current) is opposed.
When a negative supply current spike occurs there is a corresponding increase in the supply voltage. The active filtering drive circuit 11 senses this voltage increase and increases the conductance of the protection and filtering 1 0 transistor 1 0 such that the increase in the supply voltage (and hence the spike in the current) is opposed.
With reference to figure 3, a power regulator circuit 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The power regulator circuit 1 of figure 3 shares features with the circuit of figure 2; however, the circuit 1 of figure 3 shows an example embodiment of the active filtering drive circuit 11.
The active filtering drive circuit 11 comprises, in this embodiment, a first transistor 12. The first transistor 12 is preferably a bipolar transistor -a pnp transistor in the depicted embodiment -which has a collector which is connected through a first resistor 13 to the source of the protection and filtering transistor 1 0. A second resistor 14 connects the gate of the protection and filtering transistor 10 to the first resistor 13 (at a terminal thereof remote from the source of the protection and filtering transistor 1 0). An emitter of the first transistor 1 2 is connected to the power supply 2.
A third resistor 15 is connected to the emitter of the first transistor 12 and a base of the first transistor 12. A fourth resistor 16 connects the base of the first transistor 12 to a collector of a second transistor 17 (which is also preferably a bipolar transistor -an npn transistor in the depicted embodiment.
A first capacitor 18 connects the collector and base of the second transistor 17. An emitter of the second transistor 17 is connected to the drain of the protection and filtering transistor 10.
A fifth resistor 19 is connected to the emitter of the first transistor 12 and the anode of a first diode 20. A cathode of the first diode 20 is connected to the source of the protection and filtering transistor 10. A sixth resistor 21 is connected between the anode of the first diode 19 and the base of the second transistor 17. A seventh resistor 22 is connected between the cathode of the first diode 20 and the base of the second transistor 17.
The arrangement of the second transistor 17, diode 20, fifth resistor 19, sixth resistor 21, seventh resistor 22, and capacitor 1 8 allows the control of the first transistor 12 to maintain a mean voltage drop of 0.3V across the protection and filtering transistor 1 0 as is discussed below.
Thus, in operation, when there is an increase in the supply current (due to a positive current spike) and the supply voltage is reduced accordingly, the current provided to the base of the first transistor 12 is reduced. As such, the voltage across the gate and source of the protection and filtering transistor 1 0 also decreases. Thus, the effective conductance between the drain and source of the protection and filtering transistor 1 0 decreases to resist the decrease in the supply voltage. This has the effect of reducing the magnitude of the current spike.
Similarly, in operation, when there is a decrease in the supply current (due to a negative current spike) and the supply voltage is increased accordingly, the current provided to the base of the first transistor 1 2 is increased. As such, the voltage across the gate and source of the protection and filtering transistor 1 0 also increases. Thus, the effective conductance between the drain and source of the protection and filtering transistor 1 0 increases to resist the increase in the supply voltage. This has the effect of reducing the magnitude of the current spike.
Consequently, the protection and filtering transistor 7 is utilised in the active filtering of ripples and spikes in the current in the power regulation circuit and retains its conventional role in providing reverse polarity protection.
It will be appreciated that the active filtering drive circuit 11 and the protection and filtering transistor 1 0 use a controlled voltage drop across the transistor 1 0 1 0 to counteract current fluctuations in the power regulation circuit. The mean of this voltage drop is ideally kept as low as possible to avoid unnecessary heating but must be sufficiently high to ensure that both positive and negative current spikes of the expected magnitude can be smoothed. The mean voltage drop is preferably less that 1V and may be about 0.3V or greater. In an embodiment, the mean voltage drop is approximately 2.5% of the supply voltage.
The active filtering drive circuit 11, therefore, comprises a first sub-circuit which varies the conductance of the protection and filtering transistor 1 0, and a second sub-circuit which maintains the voltage drop across the protection and filtering transistor 10 at a substantially predetermined average value.
In an embodiment shown in figure 4, the active filtering drive circuit 11 is connected to a protection and filtering transistor 10 of an airbag electronic control unit 23. In this embodiment the protection and filtering transistor 1 0 is connected in series with a DC-DC switching converter 24 which outputs a different supply voltage to other circuit components 25 such as a microcontroller, firing circuits for the airbag (not shown), sensors, and interfaces. The DC-DC switching converter 24 includes an inductor. The airbag electronic control unit 23 may include one or more capacitors connected in parallel to a power supply 2. Preferably, there are three capacitors 26,27,28 which are connected in parallel with the power supply 2 (and other circuit components 25). The capacitors 26,27,28 are preferably each respectively connected to the circuit between the power supply 2 and the protection and filtering transistor 10, between the protection and filtering transistor 10 and the DC-DC switching converter 24, and between the DC-DC switching converter 24 and the other circuit components 25. It will be noted that the protection and filtering transistor 10 in this embodiment is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply 2. Therefore, the protection and filtering transistor 10 of this circuit may be a PMOSFET.
It will be appreciated that, in the embodiment disclosed in figure 4, the operation of the circuit will be comparable to that of the above described embodiments of the invention.
It will be understood that the other circuit components 25 may or may not be part of the airbag electronic control unit 23.
In the present invention, the protection and filtering transistor 10 has a dual role as a reverse bias protection device and as an active filtering device.
Thus, the protection and filtering transistor 10 is an example of a protection and filtering unit.
The present invention finds particular utility in as part of a power regulation circuit in a vehicle. Embodiments of the present invention are particularly advantageous when connected to loads 5 with a relatively high inductance (e.g. about lOOiiH or more).
With reference to figure 5, a power regulation circuit 1 according to embodiments of the present invention may be part of a vehicle safety arrangement 29 which may be an air bag unit 29 or an airbag electronic control unit 23.
The term "average" as used herein may be a mean, modal, or median value.
When used in this specification and claims, the terms "comprises" and "comprising" and variations thereof mean that the specified features, steps or integers are included. The terms are not to be interpreted to exclude the presence of other features, steps or components.
The features disclosed in the foregoing description, or the following claims, or 1 0 the accompanying drawings, expressed in their specific forms or in terms of a means for performing the disclosed function, or a method or process for attaining the disclosed result, as appropriate, may, separately, or in any combination of such features, be utilised for realising the invention in diverse forms thereof.

Claims (12)

  1. Claims 1. A power regulation circuit (1) comprising: power supply terminals configured to be connected to a power supply (2); load terminals (3,4) configured for connection to a load (5) and arranged to receive power from a power supply (2) connected to the power supply terminals (3,4); a protection and filtering unit (1 0) connected in series with power supply terminals and the load terminals (3,4), and configured to prevent substantially the flow of current through the unit (10) in a first direction and to permit substantially the flow of current through the unit (10) in a second direction; and an active filtering drive circuit (11) connected to the protection and filtering unit (10) and configured in use to sense a ripple in a supply current of a power supply (2) connected to the power supply terminals and to vary the conductance of the protection and filtering unit (10) to control a voltage drop across the unit (1 0) to resist the ripple in the supply current.
  2. 2. A circuit according to claim 1, wherein the protection and filtering unit (10) comprises a MOSFET.
  3. 3. A circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the active filtering drive circuit (11) comprises a first circuit to control a voltage drop across the protection and filtering unit (10) to resist the ripple in the supply current and a second circuit to maintain the average voltage drop substantially at a predetermined level.
  4. 4. A circuit according to claim 3, wherein the predetermined average voltage level is about O.3V.
  5. 5. A circuit according to any of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a pulsed switching signal generator configured to control the supply of power to a load (5) connected to the load terminals (3,4) in pulses.
  6. 6. A vehicle safety arrangement (29) comprising a circuit according to any of claims 1 to 5.
  7. 7. A part of a vehicle safety arrangement (29) comprising a circuit according to any of claims 1 to 5.
  8. 8. An airbag control unit (23) comprising a circuit according to any of claims 1 to 5.
  9. 9. A power regulation circuit substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to figures 2 to 5.
  10. 10. A vehicle safety arrangement substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to figures 2 to 5.
  11. 11. A part of a vehicle safety arrangement substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to figures 2 to 5.
  12. 12. An airbag control unit substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to figures 2 to 5.
GB1002453.7A 2010-02-15 2010-02-15 A power regulation circuit Expired - Fee Related GB2477783B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1002453.7A GB2477783B (en) 2010-02-15 2010-02-15 A power regulation circuit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1002453.7A GB2477783B (en) 2010-02-15 2010-02-15 A power regulation circuit

Publications (3)

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GB201002453D0 GB201002453D0 (en) 2010-03-31
GB2477783A true GB2477783A (en) 2011-08-17
GB2477783B GB2477783B (en) 2017-02-22

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105553244A (en) * 2015-12-22 2016-05-04 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 EMI filter and switch power supply applying same

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1093680A (en) * 1965-11-04 1967-12-06 Telefunken Patent Improvements in or relating to overload protection circuit arrangements
US4814687A (en) * 1988-01-21 1989-03-21 Honeywell, Inc. Following voltage/current regulator
DE4314056A1 (en) * 1993-04-29 1995-02-02 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Switching arrangement for eliminating ripples in the system voltage of motor vehicles
US20050140346A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2005-06-30 Eliahu Ashkenazy Method and apparatus for reducing low-frequency current ripple on a direct current supply line

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1093680A (en) * 1965-11-04 1967-12-06 Telefunken Patent Improvements in or relating to overload protection circuit arrangements
US4814687A (en) * 1988-01-21 1989-03-21 Honeywell, Inc. Following voltage/current regulator
DE4314056A1 (en) * 1993-04-29 1995-02-02 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Switching arrangement for eliminating ripples in the system voltage of motor vehicles
US20050140346A1 (en) * 2003-12-29 2005-06-30 Eliahu Ashkenazy Method and apparatus for reducing low-frequency current ripple on a direct current supply line

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105553244A (en) * 2015-12-22 2016-05-04 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 EMI filter and switch power supply applying same
CN105553244B (en) * 2015-12-22 2018-05-29 矽力杰半导体技术(杭州)有限公司 Electromagnetic interface filter and apply its Switching Power Supply

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Publication number Publication date
GB201002453D0 (en) 2010-03-31
GB2477783B (en) 2017-02-22

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Effective date: 20210215