GB2474474A - Silicone rubber compositions - Google Patents
Silicone rubber compositions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2474474A GB2474474A GB0918034A GB0918034A GB2474474A GB 2474474 A GB2474474 A GB 2474474A GB 0918034 A GB0918034 A GB 0918034A GB 0918034 A GB0918034 A GB 0918034A GB 2474474 A GB2474474 A GB 2474474A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- carbon black
- group
- silicone rubber
- composition
- treated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- -1 polydimethylsiloxanes Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000012763 reinforcing filler Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- WRXCBRHBHGNNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) 2,4-dichlorobenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl WRXCBRHBHGNNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-tert-butyl peroxide Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C LSXWFXONGKSEMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical group [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(phenyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZNOCGWVLWPVKAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 75
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 17
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 14
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 8
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920005573 silicon-containing polymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000004944 Liquid Silicone Rubber Substances 0.000 description 6
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 5
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethyltrisiloxane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)C CXQXSVUQTKDNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000181 anti-adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 3
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004987 plasma desorption mass spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004150 EU approved colour Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940045985 antineoplastic platinum compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052607 cyclosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000204 garnet group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000006038 hexenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052610 inosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052850 kyanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940006093 opthalmologic coloring agent diagnostic Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001282 organosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005375 organosiloxane group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052615 phyllosilicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003058 platinum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002631 room-temperature vulcanizate silicone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052851 sillimanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- WWNRKHUOXUIPKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,4-dichlorocyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carbonyl) 1,4-dichlorocyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboperoxoate Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CCC1(Cl)C(=O)OOC(=O)C1(Cl)C=CC(Cl)=CC1 WWNRKHUOXUIPKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOOBDAVNHSOIDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3-dichlorobenzoyl) 2,3-dichlorobenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(C(=O)OOC(=O)C=2C(=C(Cl)C=CC=2)Cl)=C1Cl BOOBDAVNHSOIDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXYKVVLTXXXVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-chlorobenzoyl) 4-chlorobenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OXYKVVLTXXXVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CC(C)(C)CC(OOC(C)(C)C)(OOC(C)(C)C)C1 NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006017 1-propenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNVOCSQDAIHOPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethynylcyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1C#C KNVOCSQDAIHOPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017083 AlN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Beryllium oxide Chemical compound O=[Be] LTPBRCUWZOMYOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101100135116 Oryza sativa subsp. japonica RR12 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000907663 Siproeta stelenes Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012963 UV stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- GJWAPAVRQYYSTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(dimethyl-$l^{3}-silanyl)amino]-dimethylsilicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)N[Si](C)C GJWAPAVRQYYSTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYUIWUCVZCRTRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [[[ethenyl(dimethyl)silyl]amino]-dimethylsilyl]ethene Chemical compound C=C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C=C WYUIWUCVZCRTRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001586 aluminite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;silicic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O INJRKJPEYSAMPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;trihydroxy(trihydroxysilyloxy)silane;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Al].[Al].O[Si](O)(O)O[Si](O)(O)O HPTYUNKZVDYXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052849 andalusite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910021523 barium zirconate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);dioxido(oxo)zirconium Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Zr]([O-])=O DQBAOWPVHRWLJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052599 brucite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003060 catalysis inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTVAYLQYAWAHAX-UHFFFAOYSA-J cerium(4+);tetrahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Ce+4] WTVAYLQYAWAHAX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229910001598 chiastolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940116318 copper carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper;carbonate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-]C([O-])=O GEZOTWYUIKXWOA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- FDKCTEWMJWRPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;trimagnesium;trisilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] FDKCTEWMJWRPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxido(oxo)titanium Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O NJLLQSBAHIKGKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052835 grossular Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052621 halloysite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004687 hexahydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N hydroxyformaldehyde Chemical compound O[14CH]=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010443 kyanite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAXLZNWUNMCZSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanidylidynetungsten Chemical compound [W]#[C-] OAXLZNWUNMCZSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZULUUIKRFGGGTL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VWSUVZVPDQDVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylperoxybenzene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OOC1=CC=CC=C1 VWSUVZVPDQDVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004032 porphyrins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052832 pyrope Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052903 pyrophyllite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000260 silastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRJISGHXMUQUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N silyl prop-2-enoate Chemical class [SiH3]OC(=O)C=C GRJISGHXMUQUMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- LEDMRZGFZIAGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium carbonate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-]C([O-])=O LEDMRZGFZIAGGB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
- C08K5/5415—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/12—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
- C08G77/16—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups to hydroxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/20—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0025—Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators
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Abstract
A silicone rubber composition comprises:(i) an organopolysiloxane having a viscosity of at least 100 mPa.s at 25°C (ii) treated filler, and(iii) a curing agent suitable for effecting cure of the composition, characterised in that the filler comprises a treated carbon black and is substantially free of reinforcing silica fillers. The treating agent for the carbon black may be an alkoxysilane.
Description
SILICONE RUBBER COMPOSITIONS
[0001] This invention is related to filled silicone rubber compositions containing a treated carbon black filler which is sufficiently reinforcing so as to be substantially the only filler in the silicone rubber composition.
[0002] Silicone rubbers, often referred to as silicone elastomers, are composed of three essential ingredients. These ingredients are (i) a substantially linear high molecular weight silicone polymer, (ii) one or more filler(s), and (iii) a curing agent, sometimes referred to as a crosslinking agent or a vulcanising agent. Generally, there exist two main types of silicone rubber compositions heat vulcanised, (HTV) silicone rubber and room temperature vulcanising (RTV) silicone rubber. Heat vulcanised or high temperature vulcanising (HTV) silicone rubber compositions are often further differentiated as high consistency rubber (HCR) or liquid silicone rubber (LSR) depending on uncured viscosity of the composition.
The name room temperature vulcanising (RTV) silicone rubber compositions, however may be misleading as many RTV compositions require a modicum of heat to progress the reaction at a reasonable rate. (\J
[0003] HTV silicone rubber compositions are typically prepared by mixing the substantially linear high molecular weight silicone polymer with the filler and other desired additives to form a base or raw stock. Prior to use, the base is compounded to incorporate the curing agent, other fillers, and additives such as pigments, anti-adhesive agents, plasticizers, and adhesion promoters; and it can be vulcanised by press vulcanisation, injection or transfer moulding or continuously by extrusion, to form the final silicone rubber product. For example silicone rubber compositions used for cable insulation applications are extruded by special techniques in which the silicone rubber is applied to cable cores by means of angular extruder heads.
[0004] For high consistency rubber (HCR) the substantially linear high molecular weight silicone polymer most widely employed is a very high viscosity polysiloxane. Such linear high molecular weight silicone polymers have a viscosity of 1,000,000 mPa.s or more at 25°C. Typically these linear high molecular weight silicone polymers have such high viscosities at 25°C that they are in the form of gum like materials which have such high viscosities that the measurement of viscosity is extremely difficult and therefore they are often referred by reference to their Williams plasticity number (ASTM D926). The Williams plasticity number of high viscosity polysiloxane gum-like polymers are generally at least 30, typically they are in the range of from about 30 to 250. The plasticity number, as used herein, is defined as the thickness in millimeters x 100 of a cylindrical test specimen 2 cubic cm in volume and approximately 10 mm in height after the specimen has been subjected to a compressive load of 49 Newtons for three minutes at 25°C. These polysiloxane gum-like polymers generally contain a substantially siloxane backbone (-Si-O-) to which are linked alkyl groups such as for example methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and t-butyl groups, and unsaturated groups for example alkenyl groups such as allyl, 1-propenyl, isopropenyl, or hexenyl groups but vinyl groups are particularly preferred and/or combinations of vinyl groups and hydroxyl groups to assist in their crosslinking. Such polysiloxane gum-like polymers typically have a degree of polymerisation (DP) of 500-20,000, which represents the number of repeating units in the polymer.
[0005] Historically HTV silicone rubber compositions contain one or more fillers. The fillers used are usually referred to as reinforcing fillers and non-reinforcing fillers. Reinforcing 0) fillers impart high strength to vulcanised rubber and may comprise finely divided amorphous silica such as fumed silica and precipitated silica. They are typically used alone or together C\J with extending or non-reinforcing fillers. The reinforcing fillers are often treated with organosilanes, organosiloxanes, or organosilazanes to render them hydrophobic, in order to CO 20 improve the physical and/or mechanical properties of the silicone rubber composition, i.e., tensile strength and compression set. Extending or non-reinforcing fillers are generally used to reduce the cost of the silicone rubber composition, and generally comprise inexpensive filler materials such as ground quartz and calcium carbonate. Extending or non-reinforcing fillers generally are expected to have minimal effect on the reinforcing properties of the composition and because of their perceived lack of reinforcability generally there is no reason for non-reinforcing fillers to be introduced into silicone rubber compositions in the absence of reinforcing fillers.
[0006] Carbon black is the reinforcing filler of choice for organic rubbers. It has been used in virtually all types of organic rubber for the best part of a century. Carbon black is very successful as a reinforcing filler because it has a very high surface area (30 -500 m2g1) due to the low primary particle size (10 -50 nm) and a very open structure formed from loosely associated chains of primary particles.
[00071 Organic elastomers are typically reinforced with between 10 and 100 %wt of carbon black. The resultant compounds can be cured using a range of crosslinking agents including peroxides.
[0008] The only commercially available elastomer that is not routinely reinforced with carbon black is polydimethylsiloxane (silicone or PDMS). Carbon black is not used in silicones for the following reasons:- * Loss of transparency * Loss of thermal stability of the matrix * The high loading of peroxide required to produce acceptable cure.
[0009] The reinforcing filler most widely used in silicone rubber is amorphous silica either in the form of precipitated or fumed silica. Silica is completely analogous to carbon black in terms of particle morphology and so is equally reinforcing. However compared to carbon 0) black fumed silica is much more expensive and so its use as a reinforcing agent in organic elastomers is negligible. The refractive index of silica is very similar to that of PDMS so it is C\J possible to make transparent silica I PDMS compounds. The surface chemistry of silica is such that it is easily modified with treating agents to optimise the compatibility of PDMS and CO 20 the reinforcing silica. For this reason silicone rubber compounds reinforced with silica have outstanding thermal stability together with acceptable mechanical properties. Another major advantage of silica versus carbon black is that silica, unlike carbon black, does effect the ability to cure rubber compounds with peroxides. In the presence of carbon black only a limited range of peroxides will work as a crosslinking agent. This is because the surface of carbon black is an efficient free radical trap. Thus radicals produced by the thermal degradation of peroxide curing agents present in the rubber compound react preferentially with the carbon black present. This problem can only be overcome by using relatively high loadings of peroxide, typically 4-10 parts per hundred parts of rubber compound. A further problem with carbon black is that it tends to have an acidic surface. Many peroxides are destroyed by contact with acids and so again the choice of peroxides which can be used in carbon black reinforced rubber compounds is limited.
[0010] If the surface of carbon black could be modified by a suitable treatment method so that the surface became inactive as a free radical trap and if the surface acidity could be neutralised it could be possible to use carbon black as a reinforcing filler in silicones. The only disadvantage would be the loss of transparency. However this is only a minor issue because the majority of competitive organic elastomers are only available as black compounds. Major advantages would be firstly cost effectiveness -carbon black is a considerably lower cost raw material than fumed silica -and density, because the density of carbon black is lower than that of silica. Thus the cost of a rubber compound calculated on a volumetric basis is reduced further when carbon black is used instead of silica as the reinforcement.
[0011] It is known from the literature e.g. Jarrn-Horng Lin, et al., J. Mater. Chem., 1998, 8(10), 2169-2173 and US6020402, that there are combinations of carbon black and silicone that can be used to make peroxide curable silicone rubber compounds. However these still suffer from the drawback that only certain types of peroxides can be used and the peroxide loading required is relatively high. Moreover the most commonly used peroxide to cure silicone rubber compounds in hot air, 2,4 dichlorobenzoyl peroxide (DCLBP), cannot be used at all in the presence of carbon black. 0)
[0012] Thus the aim of this invention is to produce a carbon black with a suitably modified C\J surface that will allow it to be used as a reinforcing agent in a silicone rubber compound and that the latter compound can be cured in hot air. C)20
[0013] In accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention there is provided a silicone rubber composition comprising: (i) an organopolysiloxane having a viscosity of at least 100 mPa.s at 25°C (ii) an optionally treated reinforcing filler, (iii) a curing agent suitable for effecting cure of the composition; characterised in that the reinforcing filler comprises treated carbon black and is substantially free of reinforcing silica fillers.
[0014] Unless otherwise indicated all viscosity measurements are at 25°C. The composition in accordance with the invention can be utilised as a liquid silicone rubber (LSR) composition. When the composition in accordance with the present invention is an LSR the viscosity of the organopolysiloxane polymer used is from 100 to 150 000 mPa.s at 25°C.
The composition in accordance with the invention can be utilised as a high consistency rubber (HCR) composition. When the composition in accordance with the present invention is an HCR, the viscosity of the organopolysiloxane polymer used is preferably at least 250 000 mPa.s at 25°C but is typically greater than 1 000 000 mPa.s at 25°C, and has a Williams Plasticity number of at least 30. There is nothing preventing the man skilled in the art using an organopolysiloxane polymer with a viscosity of between 150 000 mPa.s and 250 000 mPa.s at 25°C but the above ranges are preferred for LSR and HCR type compositions respectively.
[00151 As hereinbefore described the composition in accordance with the present invention composition is substantially free of reinforcing silica fillers. For the sake of this invention a reinforcing silica filler is intended to mean precipitated silica and fumed silica and any other reinforcing silica (and therefore excludes ground silica which is does not provide silicone rubber compositions with a reinforcing effect). It is to be understood that the term "substantially free" is intended to mean that the composition is essentially free of reinforcing silica fillers, such that silica fillers can only be present up to a maximum amount of 5 parts by 0) weight per 100 parts by weight of the cumulative total weight of the polymer + treated carbon black filler. Alternatively, reinforcing silica fillers are present up to a maximum amount of 3 C\J parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the cumulative total weight of the polymer ÷ treated carbon black filler. Alternatively, reinforcing silica fillers are present up to a maximum C020 amount of 1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of the cumulative total weight of the polymer + treated carbon black filler. In a further alternative the composition consists of treated carbon black as the only reinforcing filler and contains zero reinforcing silica fillers.
Alternatively treated carbon black is the only filler present in the composition. It is to be noted that a reinforcing effect is not generally noticed in the physical properties of a silicone rubber unless present in an amount of at least 25 parts by weight of reinforcing filler per 100 parts by weight of polymer. Hence at the levels permitted the reinforcing silica fillers present will have minimal or no reinforcing effect on the physical properties of the silicone rubber. As will be discussed in more detail below when present precipitated silica and/or fumed silica are used for their properties of rheology modifiers. Essentially the reinforcing effect which can be seen in compositions as described herein is provided by the reinforcing properties of treated carbon black.
[0016] The organopolysiloxane polymer comprises one or more polymers which preferably have the formula: RR12SiO[(R2Si-R5-(R2)SiO)(R2SiO)(RZSiO)} SiRR12 wherein each R is the same or different and is an alkyl group containing 1-6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group or a 3,3,3-trifluoroalkyl group; each Z is the same or different and is hydrogen or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group such as an alkenyl group or an alkynyl group; each R1 may be the same or different and needs to be compatible with the curing agent used such that the curing agent will cause the polymer to cure. R1 may be selected from Z, R; a hydroxyl group and/or an alkoxy group. Each R5 may be the same or different and is a difunctional saturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms x is an integer and y is zero or an integer; s is zero or an integer between 1 and 50; and the sum of x + y +5 is a number which results in a suitable polymer viscosity for the end product required. In the case of HCR compositions preferably the viscosity of the polymer is at least 500,000 mPa.s at 25°C. Alternatively In the case of HCR compositions the viscosity of the polymer is at least 1 000,000 mPa.s at 25°C. When y and/or s are integers the (R2SIO) groups, (RZSiO) groups and/or (R2Si-R5-(R2)SiO) groups in the polymer chain are either randomly distributed 0) or the organopolysiloxane polymer may be in the form of a block copolymer.
(\J [0017] Preferably each R group is an alkyl group, most preferably each R isa methyl or ethyl group. Preferably when Z is an alkenyl group it has between 2 and 10 carbon atoms, CO 20 more preferably between 2 and 7 carbon atoms, preferred examples being vinyl or hexenyl groups. R5 may be, for example, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-and -CH2CH2CH2-but most preferably each R5 is -CH2CH2-.
[0018] In one preferred embodiment of the present invention in which the composition is an HCR composition the organopolysiloxane constituent of the composition may be a mixture of two or more organopolysiloxanes such as a two component mixture having the following formulae: RR12SiQ[(R2Si-R5-(R2)SiO) (R2SiO)(RZSiO)]Si RR12 (1) and RR12SiO[(R2Si-R5-(R2)SiO)1(R2SiO)1 (RZSiO)1]SiRR12 (2) wherein each R is the same or different and is as described above and each R1 is the same or different and is as described above; x, y and s are as previously defined and the value of x1 y1 and s1 are in the same ranges as x, y and s respectively but at least one of x, y and s has a different value from the value of x1 y1 and s1 respectively. Preferably at least 25% of R1 groups are Z groups, most preferably alkenyl groups and a viscosity of the polymer mixture of at least 500,000 mPa.s at 25°C, alternatively at least 1 000,000 mPa.s at 25°C with polymer (1) having a degree of polymerisation (DP) i.e. the value of x or the sum of x and (y and/or s when present) of at least 1,000 and polymer (2) having a DP i.e. the value of x1 or the sum of x1 and y1 and/or s1 (when present) of at least 100.
[0019] Hence, the composition may comprise a mixture of two high viscosity organopolysiloxane polymers with the formulae: Me2ViSiO[(Me2SiO)(MeViSiO)]Si Me2Vi 0) and (\J Me2ViSiO[(Me2SiO)1]Si Me2Vi C020 wherein Me represents the methyl group (-CH3) , Vi represents the vinyl group (CH2CH-), the value of the sum of x and y is at least 1,000 and the value of x1 is at least 1000.
[0020] Alternatively in another preferred embodiment the organopolysiloxane comprises a mixture of a two components having the following formulae: RR12SiO[(R2SiO)(RZSiO)(R2Si-R5-(R2)SiO)] SiRR12 and RR12SiO[(R2SiO)1(RZSiO)1]SiRR12 wherein, in each formula, R Z and R1 are as described above and x, y, s, x1 and y1 are as previously described and the viscosity of the mixture has a value of at least 500,000 mPa.s at 25°C, alternatively at least 1 000,000 mPa.s at 25°C with the value of x or the sum of x and y and/or s (when either or both are present) being at least 1,000 and the value of x1 and y1 being between 100 and 1000. Preferably at least 25% of R1s are Z groups, most preferably alkenyl groups and the value of x or the sum of x (and y and/or s when present) provides a viscosity of the polymer mixture of at least 500,000 mPa.s at 25°C, alternatively at least 1 000,000 mPa.s at 25°C. Typically the value of x or the sum of x and y and/or s (when present) is at least 1,000.
[0021] The inventors have surprisingly identified that a treated carbon black may be used as the sole reinforcing filler in a silicone rubber composition. Carbon black is supplied to a huge range of specifications. Generally the most important parameters used to select a carbon black for a particular application are:- * BETsurfacearea * Structure (ASTM designation) * pH * Weight loss at 750 °C in an inert atmosphere a) The acidity of a carbon black is primarily due to oxidation of the surface to phenols and (\J carboxylic acids. These functionalities are lost by heating to high temperatures so pH and weight loss usually correlate quite well. Typically the weight loss when heated to 750 ° C can C020 be up to 10 %wt. A carbon black which has a high weight loss when heated can be described as a high surface activity carbon black. Conversely a carbon black with a low weight loss on heating can be described as a low surface activity carbon black. Examples of high and low activity carbon blacks respectively are Special Black 4 (Ex-Evonik AG) and PureBlack 205 (Ex-Columbia Chemicals Ltd).
[0022] As noted, it is an essential feature of the present invention to use a treated carbon black filler, to render the filler(s) hydrophobic and therefore easier to handle and obtain a homogeneous mixture with the other components in the composition in accordance with the present invention. Hydrophobing the treated carbon black results in the resulting hydrophobically modified treated carbon black being easily wetted by the silicone polymer.
Hydrophobically modified treated carbon black does not clump, and therefore is easily homogeneously incorporated into the silicone polymer.
[0023] Treated carbon black filler comprises the majority of filler present in the composition and is present in an amount of from about 5 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer, more preferably 30 -150 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polymer and most preferably from 50 to 125 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polymer.
[0024] Any suitable treating agent which renders the surface of the treated carbon black hydrophobic may be used. Examples include organic treating agents such as fatty acids and/or fatty acid esters e.g. a stearate, or organosilanes, organosilazanes such as hexaalkyl disilazane or short chain organopolysiloxane polymers e.g. short chain siloxane diols.
[0025] Silanes found to be most suitable for the treatment of treated carbon black are alkoxysilanes of the general formula R3(4n)Si(0R3)n, wherein n has a value of 1-3; and each R3 is the same or different and represents a monovalent organic radical such as an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a functional group such as an alkenyl group, e.g. vinyl or allyl, an amino group or an amido group. Some suitable silanes therefore include alkyltrialkoxysilanes such as methyltriethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, phenyl tialkoxysilanes such as phenyltrimethoxysilane, or alkenyltrialkoxysilanes such as vinyltriethoxysilane, and vinyltrimethoxysilane. If desired, silazanes can also be used as treating agents for the treated carbon black filler. These include (but are not restricted to) hexamethyldisilazane; 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazane; and 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisilazane.
Other suitable treating agents which may be utilised in the present invention include those CO20 described in the applicant's co-pending patent application W02008034806.
[0026] Short chain organopolysiloxanes might for example include hydroxy terminated polydimethylsiloxanes having a degree of polymerisation of from 2 to 20, hydroxy terminated polydialkyl alkylalkenylsiloxanes having a degree of polymerisation of from 2 to 20 and organopolysiloxanes comprising at least one Si-H group, which may or may not be a terminal group, e.g. those having the formula: wherein in each formula, R4 represents an alkyl group containing 1-6 carbon atoms; H is hydrogen, h is zero or an integer from 1 to 3, f and g are independently zero or an integer with the proviso that the treating agent has at least one Si-H group and a viscosity of from 5 to 5000 m.Pa.s at 25°C. In the present application a dimethylhydroxysilyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane polymer having a viscosity of from 10 to lOOmPa.s at 25°C and a trimethylsilyl terminated hydrogenmethyl siloxane having a viscosity of from 10 to lOOmPa.s at 25°C.
[0027] Preferably when treated approximately 1 to 10% by weight of the treated carbon black filler will be treating agent. Alternatively the treating agent will be from 2.5 to 10% weight of the treated carbon black filler. The filler may be pre-treated before addition into the composition or may be treated in situ during mixing with the polymer.
[0028] A curing agent, as noted above, is required and compounds which can be used herein include organic peroxides such as dialkyl peroxides, diphenyl peroxides, benzoyl peroxide, 1,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, paramethyl benzoyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, d i-t-butyl peroxide, dicu myl peroxide, tertiary butyl-perbenzoate, monochlorobenzoyl peroxide, ditertiary-butyl peroxide, 2,5-bis-(tertiarybutyl-peroxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane, 1,1-bis(t-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane tertiary-butyl-trimethyl peroxide, tertiary-butyl-tertiary-butyl-tertiary-triphenyl peroxide, and t-butyl perbenzoate. The 0) most suitable peroxide based curing agents are benzoyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, and dicumyl peroxide. Organic peroxides such as the above (\J are particularly utilised when R1 in the polymer as defined above is an alkyl group but the presence of some unsaturated hydrocarbon groups per molecule is preferred. It may also CO 20 be used as the curing agent when R1is Z as hereinbefore described.
[0029] These organic peroxides may be formed into a paste by dispersing in a silicone oil for ease of introduction into the composition. It is recommended that they are be used in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 2.0 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of polymer.
[0030] In the case when R1 is a hydroxy group or an alkoxy group the curing agent may comprise a suitable condensation reaction catalyst alone or in combination with a cross-linking material which undergoes a condensation reaction with the hydrolysable polymer end groups. Typically this means of cure is not preferred for the present invention.
[0031] The present compositions can also be cured and/or crosslinked by a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst in combination with an organohydrogensiloxane as the curing agent instead of an organic peroxide, providing each polymer molecule contains at least two unsaturated groups suitable for cross-linking with the organohydrogensiloxane. These groups are typically alkenyl groups, most preferably vinyl groups. To effect curing of the present composition, the organohydrogensiloxane must contain more than two silicon bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule. The organohydrogensiloxane can contain, for example, from about 4-200 silicon atoms per molecule, and preferably from about 4 to 50 silicon atoms per molecule and have a viscosity of up to about 10 Pa*s at 25 °C. The silicon-bonded organic groups present in the organohydrogensiloxane can include substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups of 1-4 carbon atoms that are otherwise free of ethylenic or acetylenic unsaturation. Preferably each organohydrogensiloxane molecule comprises at least 3 silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in an amount which is sufficient to give a molar ratio of Si-H groups in the organohydrogensiloxane to the total amount of alkenyl groups in polymer of from 1/1 to 10/1.
[0032] Preferably the hydrosilylation catalyst is a platinum group metal based catalyst selected from a platinum, rhodium, iridium, palladium or ruthenium catalyst. Platinum group metal containing catalysts useful to catalyse curing of the present compositions can be any of those known to catalyse reactions of silicon bonded hydrogen atoms with silicon bonded alkenyl groups. The preferred platinum group metal for use as a catalyst to effect cure of the (\J present compositions by hydrosilylation is platinum. Some preferred platinum based hydrosilation catalysts for curing the present composition are platinum metal, platinum C020 compounds and platinum complexes. Representative platinum compounds include chloroplatinic acid, chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate, platinum dichloride, and complexes of such compounds containing low molecular weight vinyl containing organosiloxanes. Other hydrosilylation catalysts suitable for use in the present invention include for example rhodium catalysts and suitable iridium catalysts.
[0033] The platinum group metal containing catalyst may be added to the present composition in an amount equivalent to as little as 0.001 part by weight of elemental platinum group metal, per one million parts (ppm) of the composition. Preferably, the concentration of platinum group metal in the composition is that capable of providing the equivalent of at least 1 part per million of elemental platinum group metal. A catalyst concentration providing the equivalent of about 3-50 parts per million of elemental platinum group metal is generally the amount preferred.
[0034] To obtain a longer working time or "pot life", the activity of hydrosilylation catalysts under ambient conditions can be retarded or suppressed by addition of a suitable inhibitor.
Known platinum group metal catalyst inhibitors include the acetylenic compounds disclosed in US3445420. Acetylenic alcohols such as 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-oI and 1-ethynyl-2-cyclohexanol constitute a preferred class of inhibitors that suppress the activity of a platinum-based catalyst at 25°C. Compositions containing these catalysts typically require heating at temperatures of 70°C or above to cure at a practical rate. Room temperature cure is typically accomplished with such systems by use of a two-part system in which the crosslinker and inhibitor are in one of the two parts and the platinum is in the other part. The amount of platinum is increased to allow for curing at room temperature.
[0035] Inhibitor concentrations as low as one mole of inhibitor per mole of platinum group metal will in some instances impart satisfactory storage stability and cure rate. In other instances inhibitor concentrations of up to 500 or more moles of inhibitor per mole of platinum group metal are required. The optimum concentration for a given inhibitor in a given composition can readily be determined by routine experimentation.
0) [0036] As hereinbefore described the composition of the present invention is substantially free of reinforcing silica fillers. However the composition may comprise up to 5 parts per (\J weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer ÷ treated carbon black of a rheology modifier.
Preferably when present the rheology modifier is present in an amount of from 1 to 3 parts C020 by weight per 100 parts by weight of polymer + treated carbon black. The rheology modifier may comprise polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), boric acid, amorphous precipitated or fumed silica. It is to be understood that the amount of silica present within the ranges permitted are such that it is present in such low amounts so as to have a negligible effect on the physical properties of the resulting composition.
[0037] Whilst the composition may also be free of all other fillers, the composition may comprise additional fillers (other than silica reinforcing fillers) such as finely divided, calcium carbonate or additional non-reinforcing fillers such as crushed quartz, barium sulphate, iron oxide, titanium dioxide, diatomaceous earth, talc and wollastonite. Other fillers which might be used alone or in addition to the above include aluminite, calcium sulphate (anhydrite), gypsum, calcium sulphate, magnesium carbonate, clays such as kaolin, aluminium trihydroxide, magnesium hydroxide (brucite), graphite, copper carbonate, e.g. malachite, nickel carbonate, e.g. zarachite, barium carbonate, e.g. witherite and/or strontium carbonate e.g. strontianite, halloysite, sepiolite and/or attapulgite.
[0038] Aluminium oxide, silicates from the group consisting of olivine group; garnet group; aluminosilicates; ring silicates; chain silicates; and sheet silicates. The olivine group comprises silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, forsterite and Mg2SiO4. The garnet group comprises ground silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, pyrope; Mg3A12Si3O12; grossular; and Ca2Al2Si3O12. Aluninosilicates comprise ground silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, sillimanite; AI2SiO5; mullite; 3Al2O3.2SiO2; kyanite; and Al2SiO5. The ring silicates group comprises silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, cordierite and A13(Mg,Fe)2[Si4A1O18]. The chain silicates group comprises ground silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, wollastonite and Ca[Si03].
[0039] The sheet silicates group comprises silicate minerals, such as but not limited to, mica; K2AI 14[Si6Al2O2o](O H); pyrophyllite; Al4[Si8020](O H); talc; Mg6[Si8020](O H); serpentine for example, asbestos; Kaolinite; Al4[Si4010](OH)8; and vermiculite.
[0040] The above fillers may be used untreated but are preferably treated with one of the 0) hydrophobing treating agents described above before use.
C\J [0041] Other ingredients which may be included in the compositions include but are not restricted to; rheological modifiers; Adhesion promoters, pigments, colouring agents, CO 20 desiccants, heat stabilizers, Flame retardants, UV stabilizers, cure modifiers, electrically and/or heat conductive fillers, blowing agents, anti-adhesive agents, handling agents, peroxide cure co-agents such as metal salts of carboxylic acids and amines, acid acceptors, water scavengers typically only when the composition is condensation cured, (typically the same compounds as those used as cross-linkers or silazanes). It will be appreciated that some of the additives are included in more than one list of additives. Such additives would then have the ability to function in all the different ways referred to.
[0042] Any suitable adhesion promoter(s) may be incorporated in a rubber composition in accordance with the present invention. These may include for example alkoxy silanes such as aminoalkylalkoxy silanes, epoxyalkylalkoxy silanes, for example, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and, mercapto-alkylalkoxy silanes and y-aminopropyl triethoxysilane, reaction products of ethylenediamine with silylacrylates. lsocyanurates containing silicon groups such as I,3,5-tris(trialkoxysilylalkyl) isocyanurates may additionally be used. Further suitable adhesion promoters are reaction products of epoxyalkylalkoxy silanes such as 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane with amino-substituted alkoxysilanes such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and optionally alkylalkoxy silanes such as methyl-trimethoxysilane. epoxyalkylalkoxy silane, mercaptoalkylalkoxy silane, and derivatives thereof.
[0043] Heat stabilizers may include Iron oxides and carbon blacks, Iron carboxylate salts, cerium hydrate, barium zirconate, magnesium oxide, cerium and zirconium octoates, and porphyrin s.
[0044] Flame retardants may include for example, carbon black, hydrated aluminium hydroxide, and silicates such as wollastonite, platinum and platinum compounds.
[0045] Electrically conductive fillers may include carbon black, metal particles such as silver particles any suitable, electrically conductive metal oxide fillers such as titanium oxide powder whose surface has been treated with tin and/or antimony, potassium titanate powder whose surface has been treated with tin and/or antimony, tin oxide whose surface has been 0) treated with antimony, and zinc oxide whose surface has been treated with aluminium.
(\J [0046] Thermally conductive fillers may include metal particles such as powders, flakes and colloidal silver, copper, nickel, platinum, gold aluminium and titanium, metal oxides, C020 particularly aluminium oxide (Al203) and beryllium oxide (BeO);magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, 0 zirconium oxide; Ceramic fillers such as tungsten monocarbide, silicon carbide and aluminium nitride, boron nitride and diamond.
[0047] Handling agents are used to modify the uncured properties of the silicone rubber such as green strength or processability sold under a variety of trade names such as SILASTIC® HA-i, HA-2 and HA-3 sold by Dow Corning corporation).
[0048] Peroxide cure co-agents are used to modify the properties, such as tensile strength, elongation, hardness, compression set, rebound, adhesion and dynamic flex, of the cured rubber. These may include di-or tn-functional acrylates such as Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate and Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; Triallyl Isocyanurate, Triallyl Cyanurate, Polybutadiene oligomers and the like. Silyl-hydride functional siloxanes may also be used as co-agents to modify the peroxide catalysed cure of siloxane rubbers.
[0049] The acid acceptors may include Magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, Zinc oxide and the like.
[0050] The ceramifying agents can also be called ash stabilisers and include silicates such as wollastonite.
[0051] Silicone rubber compositions having acceptable mechanical properties when compared to conventional silicone rubber compositions can be produced according to the present invention in a process which involves no heat, and which avoids the necessity to use expensive fumed silica as a reinforcing filler.
[0052] Compositions in accordance with the present invention may be prepared in accordance with any suitable method. The conventional route of preparing highly filled silicone rubber compositions is to first make a silicone rubber base by heating a mixture of reinforcing filler (typically e.g. fumed silica), a treating agent for the reinforcing filler (fumed 0) silica), and an organopolysiloxane e.g. a polysiloxane gum in a mixer. The silicone rubber base is removed from the first mixer and transferred to a second mixer where generally C\J about 150 parts by weight of a non-reinforcing or extending filler such as ground quartz is added per 100 parts by weight of the silicone rubber base. Other additives are typically fed CO 20 to the second mixer such as curing agents, pigments and colouring agents, heat stabilizers, anti-adhesive agents, plasticisers, and adhesion promoters. This route may also be utilised for compositions of the present invention with the reinforcing filler being treated carbon black.
[0053] However, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention there is provided a method of making a treated carbon black containing silicone rubber composition consisting essentially of the steps of (i) mixing an organopolysiloxane polymer and treated carbon black under room temperature conditions, the mixture prepared in (i) being free of reinforcing silica fillers; (ii) adding a curing agent to the mixture in (i); and curing the mixture in (ii) at a temperature above room temperature by the application of heat.
[0054] It is to be understood that room temperature conditions means atmospheric pressure and a room temperature at normal ambient temperature of 20-25 00. It is a major advantage in the case of the present invention that heat is not required to be added during step (i) as is required when undertaking the in-situ treatment of reinforcing fillers. As in all mixing processes the effect of mixing will generate heat but mixing in the case of the present invention will not require any additional heat input.
[0055] Because treated carbon black disperses much more easily than fumed silica in polysiloxane gums, the total mixing cycle is considerably reduced, giving much greater mixer utilization. In addition, since treated carbon black is a semi-reinforcing filler, it is capable of providing a finished composition having adequate mechanical properties. However, because treated carbon black is only semi-reinforcing, a higher loading level needs to be used than would be the case for fumed silica. On the other hand, because of the lower cost of treated carbon black compared to silica, it is not necessary to use a large amount of treated carbon black to obtain the right level of economic attractiveness for the finished composition. Preferably the ratio of treated carbon black to organopolysiloxane is from 1:2 to 2:1. Thus, one is enabled to use, for example, about 100 parts by weight of treated carbon black in 100 parts by weight of the organopolysiloxane e.g. polysiloxane gum, without using fumed silica. a)
[0056] The same level of mechanical properties can thereby be obtained as with finished (\J compositions containing fumed silica. Furthermore, the elimination of fumed silica means that no heating is required, and the whole compounding process can be carried out in a C020 single mixer. In addition, the incorporation time for treated carbon black is much higher than for fumed silica, with the result that mixer capacity is increased by utilizing the faster throughput. Finally treated carbon black has a much higher bulk density than fumed silica, which allows much improved ease of handling and storage.
[0057] These finished treated carbon black containing silicone rubber compositions are useful in applications such as silicone profile extrusions, wire and cable coatings, glazing, and for construction gaskets. Specific examples include the use of this product in window glazing gaskets, wire and cable such as plenum or safety cable sheathing applications, double glazing spacer gaskets. The only requirement relative to its use is that the finished composition have a property profile roughly equivalent to that acceptable for the particular application. The composition of the present invention may also be used in the production of silicone rubber sponges with the addition of a suitable foaming agent. Any suitable foaming agent may be used. The resulting product is particularly useful for Extruded carbon black reinforced silicone rubber profiles, cured in hot air.
* Carbon black reinforced silicone rubber wire and cable coatings that are curable in hot air.
* Carbon black masterbatches that can be used to pigment conventional, silica reinforced, silicone rubber compounds without detrimentally affecting the peroxide cure system or compound shelf life.
[0058] The following examples are set provided in order to illustrate the invention in more detail.
Low surface activity carbon black treated with a dimethylhydroxysilyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane polymer having a viscosity of from 10 to l00mPa.s at 25°C (hereafter referred to as diol) [0059] Carbon black (Pureblack 205, Ex-Columbia Chemicals Ltd) was mixed with diol in 0) equal parts by mass. Mixing was carried out by placing both ingredients into a mortar and pestle and physically mixing by hand for 5 minutes. When mixing was complete a portion of (\J the mixture was placed in a hot air circulating oven at 100 °C. After 12 hours the sample was removed and allowed to cool to room temperature. C)20
[0060] Thus two samples were prepared; the cold-mixed sample (Sample 1A) and the heat treated sample Sample 1 B.
Example 2
Low surface activity carbon black treated with a trimethylsilyl terminated hydrogenmethyl siloxane having a viscosity of 5OmPa.s at 25°C (henceforth referred to as Si-H fluid) [0061] Using the procedure described in Example 1 a further 2 samples (Samples 2A & 2B) were prepared. In this case the treating agent used was Si-H fluid
Example 3
High surface activity carbon black treated with diol [00621 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated using Special Black 4, Ex-Evonik AG).
Two samples were prepared, 3A and 3B.
Example 4
High surface activity carbon black treated with Si-H fluid.
[0063] Example 2 was repeated but using Special Black 4 in place of PureBlack 205 to produce Samples 4A and 4B.
Testing [0064] Samples 1A -4A and 1 B -4B were dispersed into dichloromethane using a sonicator. Sufficient 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide (DCL) was then added to the slurry to obtain a ratio of 100:2 parts by mass of sample to peroxide. An aliquot of the resulting slurry 0) was then passed through a filter and the solid-free liquid was injected into an HPLC which had been specifically set up and calibrated to detect 2,4, benzoyl peroxide. To account for (\J sample volume variation a marker of known concentration was also included in the dichloromethane. Thus the amount of 2,4 dichlorobenzoyl peroxide in the liquid was CO 20 determined. Samples of the carbon black I peroxide I dichloromethane I marker slurry were tested periodically so that the disappearance of the 2,4-DCL with time could be followed
(table 1).
Table I Test results
Con Con 1A lB 2A 2B 3A 3B 4A 4B Treatment diol diol Si-H Si-H diol diol Si-H Si-H fluid fluid fluid fluid Treatment 100 RT 100 RT 100 RT 100 RT Temp (°C) Treatment 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 0 time (hrs) Carbon PB SB4 PB PB PB PB 5B4 SB4 SB4 5B4 black 205 205 205 205 205 Test time 2,4 DCL remaining in test liquid (% of initial) (hrs) 0) 0 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1 92 33 87 98 77 91 52 65 65 85 90 0 49 68 79 66 10 44 9 61 24 62 C) 70 0 0 Q 72 16 13 6 0 11 96 2 0 RT = Room temperature (approx. 23°C) [0065] In addition to the treated carbon black samples control samples of untreated Special Black 4 and PureBlack 205 were also tested. The results (Table 1) show clearly that treatment of PureBlack 205 with short chain diol or Si-H fluid has little effect on the rate of disappearance of 2,4 DCL from the samples. Compared to PureBlack 205, the Special Black 4 has a markedly greater effect of destroying 2,4 DCL. However by treating Special Black 4 as described in the examples above the rate of disappearance of 2,4-DCL is greatly reduced. Particularly effective was the treatment with Si-H fluid.
Claims (16)
- CLAIMS1. A silicone rubber composition comprising: (i) an organopolysiloxane having a viscosity of at least 100 mPa.s at 25°C (ii) treated filler, (iii) a curing agent suitable for effecting cure of the composition; characterised in that the filler comprises a treated carbon black and is substantially free of reinforcing silica fillers.
- 2. A composition according to Claim 1 in which the organopolysiloxane polymer comprises one or more polymers which preferably have the formula: RR12SiO[(R2Si-R5-(R2)SiO)(R2SiO)(RZSiO)] SiRR12 0) wherein each R is the same or different and is an alkyl group containing 1-6 carbon C\J atoms, a phenyl group or a 3,3,3-trifluoroalkyl group; each Z is the same or different and is hydrogen or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group such as an alkenyl group or CO an alkynyl group; each R1 may be the same or different and needs to be compatible with the curing agent used such that the curing agent will cause the polymer to cure. R1 may be selected from Z, R; a hydroxyl group and/or an alkoxy group; each R5 may be the same or different and is a difunctional saturated hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms; x is an integer, y is zero or an integer; s is zero or an integer between 1 and 50.
- 3. A composition according to Claim 1 or 2 in which the organopolysiloxane polymer is a two component mixture comprise a mixture of two high viscosity organopolysiloxarie polymers with the formulae: Me2ViSiO[(Me2SiO)(MeViSiO)]Si Me2Vi and Me2ViSiO[(Me2SiO)1]Si Me2Vi wherein Me represents the methyl group (-CH3) , Vi represents the vinyl group (CH2=CH-), the value of the sum of x and y is at least 1,000 and the value of x1 is at least 1000.
- 4. A composition according to Claim 1 or 2 in which the organopolysiloxane polymer is a two component mixture having the following formulae: RR12SiO[(R2SiO)(RZSiO)(R2Si-R5-(R2)SiO)] SiRR12 and RR12SiO[(R2SiO)1(RZSiO)1]SiRR12 wherein, in each formula, R Z and R1 are as described above and x, y, s, x1 and y1 are as previously described and the viscosity of the mixture has a value of at least 500,000 mPa.s at 25°C with the value of x or the sum of x and y and/or s (when either or both are present) being at least 1,000 and the value of x1 and y1 being between 100 and 1000. C)
- 5. A composition according to any preceding claim characterised in that the treated carbon black is treated with an organopolysiloxane selected from the group of hydroxy terminated polydimethylsiloxanes having a degree of polymerisation of from 2 to 20, hydroxy terminated polydialkyl alkylalkenylsiloxanes having a degree of polymerisation of from 2 to 20 and a treating agent having the formula: wherein in each formula, R4 represents an alkyl group containing 1-6 carbon atoms; H is hydrogen, d is zero or an integer from 1 to 3, represents the vinyl group; and f and g are independently is zero or an integer which treating agent has at least one Si-H groups and a viscosity of from 5 to 500 m.Pa.s at 25°C.
- 6. A composition according to any preceding claim wherein the treated carbon black comprises a treated carbon black treated with an alkoxysilane of the formula: R3(4n)Si(O R3)n wherein n has a value of 1-3; and R3 is an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an alkenyl group.
- 7. A composition according to Claim 6 in which the alkoxysilane is a compound selected from the group consisting of methyltriethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, and vinyltrimethoxysilane.
- 8. A composition according to any preceding Claim comprising about equal amounts of polysiloxane gum and treated carbon black.
- 9. A composition according to any preceding claim in which the curing agent is a peroxide selected from the group consisting of benzoyl peroxide, 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, and dicumyl peroxide.
- 10. A composition in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 8 in which the curing agent is an organohydrogensiloxane curing agent, and a platinum group metal hydrosilylation catalyst is added in an amount sufficient to cure the composition.
- 11. A method of making a treated carbon black containing silicone rubber composition in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 10 which method consists essentially of the steps: (i) mixing an organopolysiloxane and treated carbon black under room temperature conditions, (ii) adding a curing agent to the mixture in (i); and curing the mixture in (ii) at a temperature above room temperature by the application of heat.
- 12. A method according to Claim 11 in which room temperature is normal ambient temperature of 20-25 °C.
- 13. Use of a treated carbon black as a reinforcing filler in silicone rubber composition.
- 14. Use in accordance with claim 13 characterised in that the silicone rubber composition is free of silica.
- 15. Use in accordance with claim 13 wherein the treated carbon black is the sole reinforcing filler in the silicone rubber composition.
- 16. Use of a silicone rubber composition in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 7 in silicone profile extrusions, wire and cable coatings, glazing gaskets, and for construction gaskets. a) (\J C)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0918034A GB2474474A (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Silicone rubber compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0918034A GB2474474A (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Silicone rubber compositions |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0918034D0 GB0918034D0 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
| GB2474474A true GB2474474A (en) | 2011-04-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0918034A Withdrawn GB2474474A (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Silicone rubber compositions |
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| Country | Link |
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| GB (1) | GB2474474A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018100542A1 (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-07 | Landa Labs (2012) Ltd | Methods for preparing compositions comprising carbon black |
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| WO2018100542A1 (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2018-06-07 | Landa Labs (2012) Ltd | Methods for preparing compositions comprising carbon black |
| CN110023411A (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2019-07-16 | 兰达实验室（2012）有限公司 | The method of composition of the preparation comprising carbon black |
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| US10870742B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2020-12-22 | Landa Labs (2012) Ltd. | Transfer member for printing systems |
| US10913835B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2021-02-09 | Landa Labs (2012) Ltd. | Thermal transfer printing |
| US11104779B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2021-08-31 | Landa Labs (2012) Ltd. | Thermal transfer printing |
| US11298965B2 (en) | 2016-11-30 | 2022-04-12 | Landa Labs (2012) Ltd. | Transfer member for printing systems |
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| US11975552B2 (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2024-05-07 | Landa Labs (2012) Ltd. | Methods for preparing compositions comprising carbon black |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0918034D0 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
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