GB2462654A - Extending lubricant life in an internal combustion engine by feeding ammonia gas into the crankcase - Google Patents

Extending lubricant life in an internal combustion engine by feeding ammonia gas into the crankcase Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2462654A
GB2462654A GB0814974A GB0814974A GB2462654A GB 2462654 A GB2462654 A GB 2462654A GB 0814974 A GB0814974 A GB 0814974A GB 0814974 A GB0814974 A GB 0814974A GB 2462654 A GB2462654 A GB 2462654A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
crankcase
ammonia
internal combustion
combustion engine
fed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB0814974A
Other versions
GB0814974D0 (en
Inventor
John Mcneil
Paul Day
Felix Sirovski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aquafuel Research Ltd
Original Assignee
Aquafuel Research Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aquafuel Research Ltd filed Critical Aquafuel Research Ltd
Priority to GB0814974A priority Critical patent/GB2462654A/en
Publication of GB0814974D0 publication Critical patent/GB0814974D0/en
Priority to PCT/GB2009/002012 priority patent/WO2010018389A1/en
Publication of GB2462654A publication Critical patent/GB2462654A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/02—Crankcase ventilating or breathing by means of additional source of positive or negative pressure
    • F01M13/021—Crankcase ventilating or breathing by means of additional source of positive or negative pressure of negative pressure
    • F01M13/022—Crankcase ventilating or breathing by means of additional source of positive or negative pressure of negative pressure using engine inlet suction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/20—Compounds containing nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M9/00—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00
    • F01M9/02—Lubrication means having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M7/00 having means for introducing additives to lubricant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N39/00—Arrangements for conditioning of lubricants in the lubricating system
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/18—Ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/72—Extended drain
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/10—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant venting or purifying means, e.g. of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M2250/00—Measuring

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Abstract

A method of extending the lubricant life in an internal combustion engine comprises feeding ammonia gas to the crankcase without it passing through an engine cylinder. Ammonia may be fed at a rate sufficient to maintain the oil at a total base number (TBN) of at least 8 and a pH of 6.0-8.0. The crankcase gases may be sampled and measured automatically for acidic species and the flow of ammonia gas into the crankcase may be regulated automatically. Ammonia gas may additionally be fed into the engine intake. The invention also provides an internal combustion engine including a crankcase having an inlet, or a number of spaced inlets, for receiving gaseous ammonia.

Description

EXTENDING LUBRICANT LIFE IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a method of extending the lubricant life in an internal combustion engine.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Internal combustion engines have been in use for over a century. However the problem of acid combustion products accumulating in the lube oils circulated by the engine lubricant circulating system still remains. As an engine runs, gases from the cylinders leak past the piston's sealing rings into the crankcase. This leaked gas is sometimes referred to as "blow-by" gas and it includes acidic combustion by-products including hydrogen sulphide (H2S) . It is known from the literature that motor oils in the internal combustion engine are prone to aging (N.
N. Tupotilov, V. V. Ostrikov and V. V. Zhilin. Kinetics of "Aging" of Working Motor Oils, Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils, 2005, 41, (3) 211-213). It was shown that after all base additives have been exhausted the concentration of acid products in the lube oil grows very steeply and the use of oil becomes impossible. S... * .
Several methods have been proposed for extending the lubricant life in a working *:*:: engine, US 7,250,126 proposes to use an acid-neutralising filter placed in the engine lubricant circulating system. However, the lifetime of this filter is limited and * .? the filter media require periodic replacements. US 2004/0050373 discloses the ::; placement of a first chemical filter in the EGR stream together with the intercooler * placed upstream of the filter, a second such filter after mixing the EGR stream with the intake air, and an optional third filter in the lubricant stream. However, the filter media in all these filters has a limited lifetime and needs replacement.
GB 856,764 discloses a method of treatment of used marine diesel engine lubricating oil with ammonia either by injecting ammonia gas into the oil or by spraying the oil into an atmosphere of ammonia gas or by washing the oil with aqueous ammonia. However this method does not solve the problem of extending the lubricant life in a working engine as it concerns the lube oil already spent.
Yu. M. Akivis et al. in The Use of Ammonia as a Neutralizing agent in Marine Diesels Operating on Sour Fuel (Khimiya I Tekhnologiya Topliv I Masel, No. 4, 1964, pp. 49-50) stated that feeding gaseous ammonia in the amount of 0.2% of the total fuel feed to the intake systems of internal combustion engines operating on sour diesel fuel with a sulphur content of 0.8 -1% results in the decrease of the total wear of piston rings by a factor of 1.2-1.8 and in the significant decrease in carbon deposits. However, the feeding of ammonia to the intake system results in its increased consumption due to its combustibility.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to an aspect of the invention there is provided a method of extending the lubricant life in an internal combustion engine which has a crankcase, the method comprising feeding ammonia gas to the crankcase.
We have surprisingly found that the addition to the crankcase of small quantities of ammonia gas allows the lubricant life to be substantially extended. Without wishing to be bound by theory, we believe that the ammonia prevents or reduces the acidification of lube oil in the operating engine and that this allows the lubricant *... life to be prolonged.
* *?5 The ammonia is fed directly to the crankcase without passing through a cylinder of the engine, although of course ammonia could additionally be fed into the intake of * the engine in a manner known in the art per se.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be further described, by way of example only, with reference to the following drawings in which: Figure 1 shows graphs of variation of pH of lube oil over time in accordance with an embodiment of the invention and for the prior art; Figure 2 shows graphs of variation of TBN over time in accordance with an embodiment of the invention and for the prior art; and Figure 3 shows graphs of H concentration for lube oil for an embodiment of
the invention and for the prior art.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention is demonstrated in the following example:
Example I
**,*.O In a typical run 3 litres per minute of ammonia gas was fed into the crankcase of I :.:: MW gas engine. Samples of lubricating oil were withdrawn from the crankcase and their TBN ("Total Base Number") was determined by titration. TBN determination was carried out in accordance with ASTM D2896, and was measured as mg KOH needed to neutralise an acidic solution through a reverse titration. The pH value of * *25 the oil (ipH") was measured using a Jenway 4330 pH & Conductivity meter equipped with a temperature probe and a Mettler Toledo Inlab Expert Pro probe.
* The instrument was calibrated before measurement using buffer solution with pH=4, 7 and 10.
To conduct measurements the temperature and measuring probes were inserted into an oil sample and the pH reading was recorded. The following tables illustrate the action of ammonia on lube oil. Table 1 shows results for a prior art system in the absence of ammonia. Table 2 shows results according to an embodiment of the invention, with ammonia addition at 3 litres per minute..
Oil life, hours TBN IpH o 10.3 7.8 66 7.8 6.55 6.9 6.53 72 6.7 6.4 6.8 6.47 87 7.7 6.47 92 6.2 6.43 99 6.5 6.01 99 5.8 6.11 117 5.2 5.92 121 5.7 6.22 127 4.8 5.74 4.9 5.64 3.9 5.31 144 5.3 5.54 * ** * * S * S.
*:::: TABLE I (PRIOR ART) * *.
* . . _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ * Oil life, hours TBN IpH S'S ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ 0 10.3 7.8 41 8.2 7.2 *** 69 7.6 6.92 93 7 6.9 6 6.85 136 6 6.87 TABLE 2 (3 litres per minute ammonia) The data presented in the tables show that in the presence of ammonia the decrease in TBN and pH is much less pronounced.
Results are graphed in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Figure 3 shows [Hf] concentration against time for the prior art and an embodiment of the present invention. Because pH is a log, function, it can be seen that the [H} concentration increases substantially for the prior art method beyond about 100 hours running, while remaining substantially constant for the invention.
Ammonia gas neutralises H2S very rapidly on mixing. From the analysis of gas samples taken during trials it can be seen that the ambient H2S level in the crankcase is significantly reduced when ammonia is applied. Further decreases in H2S levels using the same quantity of ammonia are expected if mixing is improved by means of multi point ammonia injection.
It is also clear from the trials that the rapid degradation in lubricating oil condition and serviceability is a function of crankcase H2S level. The lubricant base content is depleted rapidly leading to an increase in lubricant acidity (IpH lower) and a decrease in TBN. * .20 * . *
During ammonia crankcase application trials TBN and IpH reduction rates are altered significantly, indicating more base availability in the oil. These observations correlate with the measured reduction of H2S in the crankcase.
S S..
S
* *? The measurement of the TBN of a lubricating oil sample is not affected by the employment of ammonia for crankcase inhibition. In contrast, the measurement of * the Total Acid Number (TAN) is affected by the employment of ammonia as described below.
The procedure for measuring the TAN according to ASTM 664 includes the titration of an oil sample diluted with a solvent together with Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) solution. KOH neutralises acid species present in the sample and a TAN value is obtained by recording the amount of KOH required to achieve neutralisation.
When ammonia is fed into crankcase it reacts with H2S forming the non-corrosive neutral salt: ammonium suiphide. KOH, however, is a very strong base, much stronger than ammonia. Strong bases are known to replace weaker bases in their salts. During TAN determination KOH reacts with ammonium sulphide in just the same way as it would react with hydrogen sulphide. It results in the same TAN value that would be obtained in the absence of ammonia, i.e. its drastic overestimation. However, this TAN value is not an indicator of the total quantity of acid species in the oil because it includes not only the acid species but also ammonium sulphide. Thus a TAN value obtained in the presence of ammonia could not be an indicator of the oil acidity in the way that a TBN value is.
As the applied ammonia reacts extremely quickly with the incoming H2S contained in the blow-by gas, far less H2S becomes entrained in the engine lubricant which will lead to reduced acidic attack on internal engine components including the cylinder bore surfaces together with an extension of the useful life of the lubricant.
The trials to date indicate the following: * H2S levels in the crankcase are proportional to the engine combustion inlet * *** gas H2S level and piston blow by.
* Lubricant service life is proportional to crankcase gas H2S levels.
* Internal engine component corrosion damage is proportional to crankcase *:.::?5 gas H2S levels.
* Reducing Crankcase gas H2S levels will increase lubricant service life and reduce acidic damage within the engine * Ammonia injected into the crankcase immediately reacts with H2S reducing the H2S availability to lubricant thin films and engine components.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of extending the lubricating oil life in an internal combustion engine, the method comprising automated sampling and measurement of the crankcase gases for acidic species, for example H2S, and automatic regulation of a flow of ammonia gas into the crankcase. The sampling, measurement and ammonia flow regulation can be achieved using methods know in the art.
The present method is applicable not only to the spark-ignited engine but to any other internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine or a gas turbine engine.
While the present invention has been described with reference to a specific example, it should be understood that modifications and variations of the invention may be construed without departing from the scope of the invention defined in the following claims. * ** * * * * .* *.** * * * * ** * S S * **
S 5.5 * S. * S 5 * S. IS * * S S * IS

Claims (9)

  1. CLAIMS1. A method of extending the lubricant life in an internal combustion engine which has a crankcase, the method comprising feeding ammonia gas to the crankcase.
  2. 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the gaseous ammonia is fed in at a rate sufficient to maintain the lubricant oil at a TBN value of at least 6.
  3. 3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the gaseous ammonia is fed in at a rate sufficient to maintain the pH of the lubricant oil at a value between 6.0 and 8.0.
  4. 4. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein the gaseous ammonia is fed to the crankcase via a plurality of inlets to the crankcase.
  5. 5. A method according to any preceding claim wherein the crankcase gases, including reaction products of fed ammonia, are swept into the engine and combusted.
    * *,20
  6. 6. A method according to any preceeding comprising automated sampling and measurement of crankcase gas composition and automated adjustment of the ammonia feed rate into the crankcase. * S.. * ..
  7. 7. An internal combustion engine including a crankcase, characterised in that * the crankcase is provided with an inlet for receiving gaseous ammonia.
  8. 8. An internal combustion engine according to claim 5, wherein the crankcase is provided with a plurality of spaced-apart inlets for receiving gaseous ammonia.
  9. 9. An internal combustion engine according to claim 5 or claim 6, further comprising a source of ammonia gas for connection to the or each inlet, and means for regulating the rate at which the ammonia gas is fed to the or each inlet. * *S * S S * *S S... * S S... * *5 * S S * S.S S..S * .* * S S * SS * . S * * * SS
GB0814974A 2008-08-15 2008-08-15 Extending lubricant life in an internal combustion engine by feeding ammonia gas into the crankcase Withdrawn GB2462654A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0814974A GB2462654A (en) 2008-08-15 2008-08-15 Extending lubricant life in an internal combustion engine by feeding ammonia gas into the crankcase
PCT/GB2009/002012 WO2010018389A1 (en) 2008-08-15 2009-08-17 Extending lubricant life in an internal combustion engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0814974A GB2462654A (en) 2008-08-15 2008-08-15 Extending lubricant life in an internal combustion engine by feeding ammonia gas into the crankcase

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GB2462654A true GB2462654A (en) 2010-02-17

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2687769A1 (en) * 2012-07-19 2014-01-22 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Device with lubricant protection assembly and lubrication method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL2767578T3 (en) * 2013-02-19 2016-09-30 Process and apparatus for the preparation of a cylinder oil

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2888913A (en) * 1955-12-15 1959-06-02 Gulf Research Development Co Method of operating an internal combustion engine
DE2541616A1 (en) * 1975-09-18 1977-03-24 Vox Lumatic Gmbh IC engine, with scavenging - has scavenged space between combustion chamber and sump with inert gas in sump
EP0134284A1 (en) * 1983-09-01 1985-03-20 Hans Dipl.-Kauf. Hechler Method of reducing the oxidation of the lubrificating oil in an internal-combustion engine

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB364533A (en) * 1930-07-28 1931-12-28 Julius Hyman A method of treating cracked hydrocarbons to inhibit the formation of gum compounds
GB856764A (en) * 1958-07-08 1960-12-21 British Petroleum Co Treatment of used diesel engine lubricating oil
JPS5381819A (en) * 1976-12-15 1978-07-19 Okubo Yoshinori Apparatus for improving efficiency of explosive combustion of automobile engine
US4416224A (en) * 1982-01-18 1983-11-22 Hobby William M Internal combustion engine

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2888913A (en) * 1955-12-15 1959-06-02 Gulf Research Development Co Method of operating an internal combustion engine
DE2541616A1 (en) * 1975-09-18 1977-03-24 Vox Lumatic Gmbh IC engine, with scavenging - has scavenged space between combustion chamber and sump with inert gas in sump
EP0134284A1 (en) * 1983-09-01 1985-03-20 Hans Dipl.-Kauf. Hechler Method of reducing the oxidation of the lubrificating oil in an internal-combustion engine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2687769A1 (en) * 2012-07-19 2014-01-22 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Device with lubricant protection assembly and lubrication method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0814974D0 (en) 2008-09-24
WO2010018389A1 (en) 2010-02-18

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