GB2453145A - Self-wetting electrochemical sensor using a doped substrate - Google Patents
Self-wetting electrochemical sensor using a doped substrate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2453145A GB2453145A GB0718852A GB0718852A GB2453145A GB 2453145 A GB2453145 A GB 2453145A GB 0718852 A GB0718852 A GB 0718852A GB 0718852 A GB0718852 A GB 0718852A GB 2453145 A GB2453145 A GB 2453145A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- self
- wetting
- electrochemical sensor
- hygroscopic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001175 rotational moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940059936 lithium bromide Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroperoxy-2-(2-hydroperoxybutan-2-ylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CCC(C)(OO)OOC(C)(CC)OO WFUGQJXVXHBTEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940073577 lithium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940032158 sodium silicate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229940094035 potassium bromide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001020 Au alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001730 nitrous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/12—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body in dependence upon absorption of a fluid; of a solid body in dependence upon reaction with a fluid, for detecting components in the fluid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0027—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector
- G01N33/0036—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the detector specially adapted to detect a particular component
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
A self-wetting electrochemical sensor (10) comprising: a substrate (12) comprising an active species; and a pair of electrical conductors (14, 16) each being arranged to contact the substrate (12) at one or more contact points; wherein at least part of the surface of the substrate (12) adjacent the or each contact point is hygroscopic. For example, the substrate may be doped with lithium bromide, lithium chloride or sodium silicate to make it hygroscopic such that it attracts moisture to the substrate from the surroundings and therefore does not require further electrolyte irrigation to the substrate. The electrochemical sensor may be a chlorine gas sensor, wherein the substrate is also doped with an active species of potassium bromide or sodium bromide, although other embodiments are also disclosed. A method of manufacturing a self-wetting electrochemical sensor (12) is also disclosed.
Description
Title: Sensors 24531 45
Description:
This invention relates to sensors, and in particular, but without limitation to, electrochemical gas sensors.
Electrochemical gas sensors are well known and generally comprise a pair of inert electrodes that are in physical and electrical contact with an activated substrate. In a known gas sensor, the presence of a species to be detected (the target gas) causes ion exchange to occur between the activated substrate and the electrode, which gives rise to a detectable change in electrical properties. This change in electrical properties can be detected using suitable external apparatus, such as a voltmeter or an impedance meter.
A problem with known gas sensors is that they require constant wetting with a suitable electrolyte to remain optimally functional. In particular, a lack of electrolyte at the activated substrate-electrode interface gives rise to poor ion transfer and, hence, degraded readings.
A known solution to this problem is to continuously irrigate the sensor with an electrolyte. This can be achieved by manufacturing the activated substrate in the form of a porous-walled tube, and supplying a constant pressure of electrolyte to the interior of the tube. Thus, the electrolyte permeates through the substrate at a constant rate, thereby providing a constant level of irrigation at the substrate's surface. In some cases, the substrate itself is inert, and the active species is added to the electrolyte so that the (i.e. the active species) is always present on the surface of the substrate in a known concentration.
This approach suffers a number of disadvantages, including requiring a constant supply of electrolyte and/or active species, requiring a rigorous maintenance schedule, and requiring external apparatus to deliver, and/or monitor the delivery of, the electrolyte and/or active species.
It is an object of this invention to provide a solution to one or more of the above problems. It is also an object of this invention to provide an improved sensor.
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a self-wetting electrochemical sensor comprising: a substrate comprising an active species; and a pair of electrical conductors each being arranged to contact the substrate at one or more contact points; wherein at least part of the surface of the substrate adjacent the or each contact point is hygroscopic.
Since the surface of the substrate adjacent the or each contact point is hygroscopic, the sensor draws/attracts moisture from the surrounding atmosphere to the surface of the substrate thereby providing a continuous supply of electrolyte. Advantageously, this reduces and/or obviates the requirement for a separate irrigation system to continuously supply electrolyte to the activated substrate-electrode interface.
The sensor can be used as a gas sensor, in which case the active species is preferably one that reacts with a target gas. For example, the sensor may be chlorine gas sensor, in which case the active species may comprise potassium bromide. Additionally of alternatively, the active species may be sodium bromide.
The substrate is preferably rendered hygroscopic by comprising a hygroscopic species, such as lithium-bromide, lithium-chloride and/or sodium-silicate.
The substrate may be manufactured of any suitable material although it is preferred that the substrate be manufactured of a polymeric material, such as polyester resin or a blend thereof. The substrate preferably provides a support matrix for receipt of the active and/or hygroscopic species. In other words, the support matrix may be doped with an active or hygroscopic species. The substrate may be porous.
The substrate can be substantially cylindrical. The substrate may be tubular. Where the substrate is tubular, it may be manufactured via rotational moulding. Rotational moulding, advantageously, allows the concentration of species to be varied as a function of radius. The concentration of active species at or towards the surface of the substrate may be higher than the concentration of active species in the bulk of the substrate, or vice-versa.
Similarly, the concentration of hygroscopic species at or towards the surface of the substrate may be higher than the concentration of hygroscopic in the bulk of the substrate, or vice-versa.
The electrical conductors preferably comprise an inert metal, such as gold or platinum, or alloys of gold and/or platinum. The electrical conductors may comprise wires wrapped around the cylindrical substrate. The electrical conductors may comprise a pair of spaced-apart parallel wires, the pair of parallel wires being wrapped helically around the cylindrical substrate.
A preferred embodiment of the invention shall now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a perspective view of a sensor according to the invention; Figure 2 is a longitudinal cross-section through Figure 1 on Il-li; Figure 3 is a schematic of a rotational moulding apparatus for manufacturing the support tube of Figures 1 and 2; Figure 4 is a schematic cross-section through the form of Figure 3 during rotation thereof; and Figure 5 is a schematic plot of dopant concentration C versus radius R for a tube manufactured using the apparatus of Figure 3.
In Figures 1 and 2, a sensor 10 comprises a tubular support 12 around which a pair of bare platinum wires 14, 16 are tightly wound and held in place by 0-rings 18, 20. The platinum wires 14, 16 serve as electrodes for sensing a property of the surface of the support tube 12.
A pair of end caps 22, 24 seal the ends of the support tube 12 and provide areas by which the sensor 10 can be safely gripped. A bead of sealant (not shown) is used to seal the end caps 22, 24 to the support tube 12, and the end caps 22, 24 are filled with a polymer resin 23, which serves to reinforce and ruggedise the sensor 10.
A target gas, e.g. chlorine gas, in the surrounding air is able to interact with the surface of the support tube 12, thereby changing a property thereof.
The electrodes 14, 16 are addressed via a coaxial cable 26, which sealingly passes through an aperture 21 in the first end cap 22 and up through the centre of the support tube 12. The core 28 and screen 30 conductors of the coaxial cable 26 are electrically connected to the ends of the platinum wires 14, 16. The platinum wires 14, 16 emerge radially opposite one another relative to the support tube 12 through a small gap between the second end cap 24 and the support tube 12.
The platinum wires 14, 16 are helically wound around the support tube 12 such that their spacing is kept constant. The platinum wires 14, 16 are of S equal length and their free ends 32, 34 extend into the first end cap 22 through a small gap between the end cap 22 and the support tube 12.
The support tube 12 is manufactured of polyester resin doped with potassium-bromide (the active species that reacts with the chlorine gas) and lithium-bromide (a hygroscopic species which draws moisture out of the surrounding air to wet the potassium-bromide).
In use, a square-wave alternating voltage is applied to the core 28 and shield 30 conductors of the coaxial cable 26 and the sensor's response measured. The measured impedance, conductance and current can be used to deduce the presence of chlorine gas in the vicinity of the sensor, since chlorine gas (reversibly) reacts with the potassium-bromide of the support tube, thereby changing its electrical characteristics.
Referring now to Figures 3 and 4, the support tube 12 is manufactured via a rotational moulding technique. A closed-ended tubular glass form 40 having an inner diameter the same as the desired outer diameter of the support tube 12 is rotatably mounted on a motor-driven spindle 42. A liquid polymer charge 44 is injected into the form 40 and its open end 46 sealed using a bung 48. The charge 44 comprises bOg polyester resin, 90g potassium-bromide and lOg lithium-bromide. In addition, the charge comprises a standard polymerisation catalyst, MEKP (Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide), to polymerise the polyester, and a peroxide and cobalt-based accelerator (Dimethyl Analine and Cobalt Octialte) to speed up polymerisation. The form 40 is heated using an electric heater 50 and rotated using the spindle 42 for approximately one hour, during which time the polyester resin sets. Since the form 40 is rotated, the charge 44 spreads evenly over the inside surface 52 thereof giving rise to the formation of a tube.
Centrifugal forces occurring during rotation cause the concentration of potassium-bromide and lithium-bromide to be higher at the outer surface of the tube than at the inner surface, as shown, schematically in Figure 5. This concentration gradient can be exploited to the extent that the charge 44 can contain a lower amount of active species and/or hygroscopic species to achieve a desired surface concentration than if the charge were uniformly laden/doped with active species and/or hygroscopic species.
The invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing embodiments, for example the active species can be changed so that the target gas is something other than chlorine gas, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, carbon dioxide, nitrous-oxide, oxygen etc. For example, the active species may comprise sodium bromide.
Additionally, the electrodes need not be manufactured of platinum: any inert conductor could be used, in particular, any noble metal, such as gold.
Claims (27)
- Claims: 1. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor comprising: a substrate comprising an active species; and a pair of electrical conductors each being arranged to contact the substrate at one or more contact points; wherein at least part of the surface of the substrate adjacent the or each contact point is hygroscopic.
- 2. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active species comprises potassium bromide or sodium bromide.
- 3. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the substrate is rendered hygroscopic by comprising any one or more species of the group comprising: lithium-bromide, lithium-chloride and sodium-silicate.
- 4. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in any of claims 1, 2 or 3, wherein the substrate is manufactured of a polymeric material.
- 5. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 3, wherein the polymeric material comprises polyester resin.
- 6. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the polymeric material provides a support matrix for receipt of the active and/or hygroscopic species.
- 7. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the substrate is porous.
- 8. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the substrate is substantially cylindrical.
- 9. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 7, wherein the substrate is tubular.
- 10. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the substrate is formed by rotational moulding.
- 11. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 9, wherein the concentration of active species at or towards the surface of the substrate is higher than the concentration of active species in the bulk of the substrate.
- 12. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 9 or claim 10, wherein the concentration of hygroscopic species at or towards the surface of the substrate is higher than the concentration of hygroscopic in the bulk of the substrate.
- 13. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the electrical conductors comprise an inert metal
- 14. A self-wethng electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 12, wherein the inert metal comprises gold or platinum.
- 15. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the electrical conductors comprise wires wrapped around the cylindrical substrate.
- 16. A self-wetting electrochemical sensor as claimed in claim 14, wherein the electrical conductors comprise a pair of spaced-apart parallel wires, the pair of parallel wires being wrapped helically around the cylindrical substrate.
- 17. A method of manufacturing a self-wetting electrochemical sensor comprising the steps of: providing a substrate doping at least part of the surface of the substrate with an active species; doping at least part of the surface of the substrate with a hygroscopic species; and arranging a pair of electrical conductors to each contact the substrate at one or more contact points, wherein at least one of the contact points is aligned with a hygroscopic area of the substrate's surface.
- 18. A method as claimed in claim 17, wherein the substrate comprises a tube manufactured by rotational moulding.
- 19. A method as claimed in claim 18, comprising the steps of: injecting a liquid charge into a form, rotating the form to cause the charge to adhere to the inner surfaces thereof, causing the charge to set, and removing the set charge from the form.
- 20. A method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the charge comprises any one or more of the group comprising; a polymer, a catalyst, an accelerator and a dopant.
- 21. A method as claimed in claim 20, wherein the polymer comprises polyester.
- 22. A method as claimed in claim 21 or claim 22, wherein the catalyst comprises MEKP
- 23. A method as claimed in any of claims 20, 21 or 22, wherein the accelerator comprises a peroxide and cobalt-based accelerator.
- 24. A method as claimed in any of claims 20 to 23, wherein the dopant comprises a hygroscopic and/or active species.
- 25. A method as claimed in any of claims 17 to 24, further comprising the step of coating a surface of the substrate with a hygroscopic and/or species.
- 26. A self-wethng sensor, substantially as hereinbefore described, with reference to, and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
- 27. A method substantially as hereinbefore described, with reference to, and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0718852A GB2453145A (en) | 2007-09-27 | 2007-09-27 | Self-wetting electrochemical sensor using a doped substrate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0718852A GB2453145A (en) | 2007-09-27 | 2007-09-27 | Self-wetting electrochemical sensor using a doped substrate |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0718852D0 GB0718852D0 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
| GB2453145A true GB2453145A (en) | 2009-04-01 |
Family
ID=38701744
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0718852A Withdrawn GB2453145A (en) | 2007-09-27 | 2007-09-27 | Self-wetting electrochemical sensor using a doped substrate |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2453145A (en) |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5531983A (en) * | 1978-08-30 | 1980-03-06 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Moisture sensor |
| JPS63317095A (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-12-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Biosensor |
| US5346604A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1994-09-13 | Diametrics Medical, Inc. | Self-activating chemical sensor system |
| GB2324607A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 1998-10-28 | Draegerwerk Ag | Electrochemical gas sensor with humidifying moisture reservoir at gas inlet. |
| JP2000258377A (en) * | 1999-01-06 | 2000-09-22 | Hokuriku Electric Ind Co Ltd | Chip element with sensor |
| WO2007042805A1 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-19 | Environmental Monitoring And Control Limited | Apparatus and method for measuring hydrogen concentration |
-
2007
- 2007-09-27 GB GB0718852A patent/GB2453145A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5531983A (en) * | 1978-08-30 | 1980-03-06 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Moisture sensor |
| JPS63317095A (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1988-12-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Biosensor |
| US5346604A (en) * | 1992-10-21 | 1994-09-13 | Diametrics Medical, Inc. | Self-activating chemical sensor system |
| GB2324607A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 1998-10-28 | Draegerwerk Ag | Electrochemical gas sensor with humidifying moisture reservoir at gas inlet. |
| JP2000258377A (en) * | 1999-01-06 | 2000-09-22 | Hokuriku Electric Ind Co Ltd | Chip element with sensor |
| WO2007042805A1 (en) * | 2005-10-12 | 2007-04-19 | Environmental Monitoring And Control Limited | Apparatus and method for measuring hydrogen concentration |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0718852D0 (en) | 2007-11-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Xu et al. | Graphene‐based fibers: recent advances in preparation and application | |
| US10386326B2 (en) | Flexible electrical devices and methods | |
| EP0171959B1 (en) | Electrode for measuring hydrogen ion concentration | |
| US3911901A (en) | In vivo hydrogen ion sensor | |
| US20150233863A1 (en) | Electrochemical sensor and method for manufacturing | |
| JP2701987B2 (en) | Electrochemical sensor | |
| US4431508A (en) | Solid state graphite electrode | |
| CA1071306A (en) | Reference electrode for use at high temperatures and pressures | |
| US3671414A (en) | Hydrogen ion-selective sensor | |
| WO1990004158A1 (en) | Sensor assembly | |
| Macedo et al. | An unusually stable solid state Ag| AgCl reference electrode for long term continuous measurements based on a crosslinked poly (vinyl acetate)/KCl composite | |
| GB2453145A (en) | Self-wetting electrochemical sensor using a doped substrate | |
| US5833825A (en) | Silver/silver chloride reference electrodes having self-contained chloride solution and methods of making same | |
| US5411644A (en) | Method of operated dual pump getter and oxidant sensor and regulator | |
| CN109342520B (en) | A kind of all-solid-state pH combination electrode device and preparation method thereof | |
| EP0550555B1 (en) | Integral hydrolysis layer junction | |
| CN214503442U (en) | Needle type microelectrode | |
| US6579440B2 (en) | Replaceable reference junction including an ion-barrier for an electrochemical sensor | |
| JP7198389B2 (en) | Electrode evaluation method | |
| CN206531812U (en) | A kind of reference electrode structure | |
| Rafis et al. | Detection of different concentrations of uric acid using tapered silica optical sensor coated with zinc oxide (ZnO) | |
| EP0550588B1 (en) | Matrix immobilized electrolyte | |
| CN112687961A (en) | Lithium ion microelectrode battery and preparation method thereof | |
| CZ2008792A3 (en) | Catheter for measuring electrochemical properties of body fluids | |
| JPH11248670A (en) | Negative electrode for oxygen electrode |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |