GB2451507A - Fuel additive - Google Patents

Fuel additive Download PDF

Info

Publication number
GB2451507A
GB2451507A GB0715042A GB0715042A GB2451507A GB 2451507 A GB2451507 A GB 2451507A GB 0715042 A GB0715042 A GB 0715042A GB 0715042 A GB0715042 A GB 0715042A GB 2451507 A GB2451507 A GB 2451507A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
weight
fuel
alcohols
additive
oleic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB0715042A
Other versions
GB0715042D0 (en
Inventor
Alan Rae
William Hodgson
Benjamin Kaufman
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
O2 DIESEL EUROP Ltd
Original Assignee
O2 DIESEL EUROP Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by O2 DIESEL EUROP Ltd filed Critical O2 DIESEL EUROP Ltd
Priority to GB0715042A priority Critical patent/GB2451507A/en
Publication of GB0715042D0 publication Critical patent/GB0715042D0/en
Publication of GB2451507A publication Critical patent/GB2451507A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
    • C10G2300/1011—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/188—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof
    • C10L1/1881—Carboxylic acids; metal salts thereof carboxylic group attached to an aliphatic carbon atom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • C10L1/191—Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
    • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

There is provided a fuel additive comprising: (i) one or more alcohols having at least 6 carbon atoms; (ii) one or more fatty acid alkanolamides; and optionally (iii) one or more alkoxylated fatty acids. Instead of including component (iii), the composition may be substantially free of fatty acids. The additive is usable with gasoline or diesel and is intended to reduce emissions.

Description

FUEL ADDITIVE
Field of the Invention
This invention relates to fuel additives and their use in fuel compositions, especially fuel compositions comprising diesel and ethanol.
Background to the Invention
Ethanol is added to diesel and other fuels to improve the exhaust emissions arising from combustion. However, some ethanol-diesel mixtures can separate into two or more distinct phases, especially when water is present, and are therefore undesirable for use as a combustible fuel per se. For this reason, surfactant/co-solvent blends are used which improve the miscibility of ethanol and diesel.
WO 02/088280 discloses a fuel additive comprising an oleic alkanolamide and an alkoxylated oleic acid WO 02/090469 discloses a fuel additive for improving water tolerance, the additive comprising (i) greater than about 60 % wlw of one or more alkyl esters of fatty acids and/or 2-ethylhexanol; (ii) from 10 to 40% w/w of one or more fatty alkanolamides, and (iii) up to about 10% w/w of one or more fatty acids.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides novel fuel additives comprising an alcohol having at least 6 carbon atoms, e.g. 2-ethylhexanol, and a fatty acid alkanolamide, e.g. oleic alkanolamide Fuel compositions comprising the additives have been to found to be stable at lower temperatures and capable of tolerating substantial quantities of water In a first aspect, the present invention provides a fuel additive comprising: (i) one or more alcohols having at least 6 carbon atoms; and (ii) one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, wherein the composition is substantially free of fatty acids.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a fuel composition comprising a hydrocarbon fuel and a fuel additive of the invention.
The fuel additives of the invention may be used to produce a stable, clear and homogeneous solution with a hydrocarbon fuel, e.g. diesel/ethanol, even in the presence of significant quantities of water Thus, ethanol may be blended satisfactorily with conventional diesel fuel without undergoing phase separation The present additives are also advantageous in that only small quantities of additive, e.g. less than 1% by volume, may be needed to achieve a satisfactory blend.
DescriDtion of Various Embodiments A fuel additive of the invention comprises at least one alcohol having at least 6 carbon atoms and one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, wherein the composition is substantially free of fatty acids. In one embodiment, the fuel additive comprises less than 0.1%, e.g. less than 0.05%, by volume of fatty acids In a particular embodiment, the fuel additive is free of fatty acids. For the avoidance of doubt, the term "fatty acids" as used herein should not be construed to cover alkoxylated fatty acids, which are an optional component of an additive of the invention In a further embodiment, the fuel additive is substantially free of alkyl esters of fatty acids The additive comprises one or more alcohols comprising at least 6 carbon atoms. The or each of said one or more alcohols may comprise a linear or branched alkyl group. In one embodiment, the one or more alcohols comprise an alcohol having from 6 to 9 carbon atoms. In a particular embodiment, said alcohol comprises 7 or B carbon atoms.
Preferably, the one or more alcohols comprise 2-ethylhexanol. The additive may comprise 2-ethylhexanol as the sole alcohol The one or more fatty acid alkanolamides may comprise, for example, an oleic alkanolamide The oleic alkanolamide is preferably an oleic ethanolamide and more preferably oleic diethanolamide. Oleic alkanolamides and processes for their production are described in WO 02/088280 and WO 02/38707, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference In a particular embodiment, the additive comprises an oleic alkanolamide in combination with an alkanolamide of one or both of linoleic acid (e.g from 5 to 15% v/v) and linolenic (e.g. from 5 to 15% v/v) acid, optionally in I) combination with one or more alkanolamides of erucic, stearic, palmitic and myristic acids Such alkanolamide mixtures may be obtained from vegetable oils, e.g. soy oil, and the like.
In one embodiment, the fuel additive comprises (I) from 20 to 80% by weight of the one or more alcohols, e.g. 2-ethylhexanol; and (ii) from 20 to 80% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, e.g. an oleic alkanolamide.
In another embodiment, the fuel additive comprises.
(i) from 40 to 60% by weight of the one or more alcohols, e g. 2-ethylhexanol; and (ii) from 40 to 60% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, e.g an oleic alkanolamide In a further embodiment, the fuel additive comprises: (i) from 45 to 55% by weight of the one or more alcohols, e.g 2-ethyihexanol, and (ii) from 45 to 55% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, e.g an oleic alkanolamide.
In a particular embodiment, the fuel additive comprises (i) about 50% by weight of the one or more alcohols, e g 2-ethyihexanol; and (ii) about 50% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, e g. an oleic alkanolamide.
The performance of the additives has been found to be especially desirable when the alcohol, e.g. 2-ethylhexanol, and fatty acid alkanolamide, e.g oleic dialkanolamide, components are used in substantially similar proportions An optional component of the fuel additive is an alkoxylated fatty acid such as an alkoxylated oleic acid Included in the invention is a fuel additive comprising (i) from 20 to 80% by weight of the one or more alcohols, e.g. 2-ethylhexanol; (ii) from 10 to 80% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, e g an oleic alkanolamide; and (iii) from 0 to 70% by weight of one or more alkoxylated fatty acids, e.g. an alkoxylated oleic acid.
In a particular embodiment, the additive comprises (i) from 40 to 60% by weight of the one or more alcohols, e.g. 2-ethylhexanol, (ii) from 10 to 60% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, e.g. an oleic alkanolamide; and (iii) from 0 to 50% by weight of one or more alkoxylated fatty acids, e.g. an alkoxylated oleic acid.
The one or more alkoxylated fatty acids preferably contain an alkoxylated oleic acid.
The alkoxylate may be an ethoxylate or a propyloxylate or a mixture thereof. Of mention are ethoxylated fatty acids, in particular ethoxylated oleic acids. Ethoxylated oleic acids may be produced by ethoxylation or esterification of acids derived from animal fats, e.g. beef tallow, or vegetable oils, such as soya. The alkoxylated oleic acid may be obtained from a precursor comprising, e.g. from 65 to 70% v/v, oleic acid, but may also contain linoleic acid, e.g. from 5 to 15% vlv, linolenic acid from 5 to 15% v/v and may also include small amounts of one or more of erucic, stearic, palmitic and myristic acids.
The degree of ethoxylation may range, for example, from 0 5 to 20, e.g. from 0.5 to 10, in particular from 1 to 3 In a particular embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid comprises monoethoxylated oleic acid.
In one embodiment, the additive comprises.
(i) from 20 to 80% by weight of the one or more alcohols, e.g 2-ethylhexanot; (ii) from 10 to 40% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, an oleic alkanolamide, and (iii) from 10 to 50% by weight of the one or more alkoxylated fatty acids, e.g. an alkoxylated oleic acid.
In another embodiment, the additive comprises.
(i) from 40 to 60% by weight of the one or more alcohols, e.g. 2-ethyihexanol; (U) from 10 to 40% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, an oleic alkanolamide, and (Ui) from 10 to 50% by weight of the one or more alkoxylated fatty acids, e.g. an alkoxylated oleic acid In a further embodiment, the additive comprises.
(i) from 45 to 55% by weight of the one or more alcohols, e.g. 2-ethylhexanol; (ii) from 20 to 30% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, e.g an oleic alkanolamide; and (iii) from 20 to 30 % by weight of one or more alkoxylated fatty acids, e.g. an alkoxylated oleic acid.
In a particular embodiment, the additive comprises (i) about 50% by weight of the one or more alcohols, e.g. 2-ethylhexanol, (ii) about 25% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, e.g. an oleic alkanolamide; and (iii) about 25% by weight of the one or more alkoxylated fatty acids, e g an alkoxylated oleic acid.
The performance of the additives has been found to be especially desirable when the ratio of the alcohol, e.g. 2-ethylhexanol, to the fatty acid alkanolamide, e g oleic alkanolamide, and alkoxylated fatty acid, e.g. alkoxylated oleic acid, components is approximately 2.1.1 respectively.
The additive may be added to any known hydrocarbon fuel. The concentration of the additive in the fuel composition may vary depending on, for example, the nature of the fuel, however, the concentration can be very low, typically of the order of from 0 05 to 1.5% vlv, e.g. from 0.1 to 1.0% v/v, and in particular from 0.5 to 1.0% v/v.
The hydrocarbon fuel may comprise any known hydrocarbon fuel or mixtures thereof Such fuels include, without limitation, diesel fuels, e.g. petroleum diesel or biodiesel, gasoline, aviation fuel, kerosene and alcohols such as ethanol. The additive is seen to particularly good effect when added to fuels based on low fraction oils.
In one embodiment, the hydrocarbon fuel comprises a petroleum diesel. Such fuels may generally be obtained from the distillation of petroleum and its efficiency can be measured by the cetane number Suitable diesel fuels for use in accordance with the invention generally have a cetane number of from 35 to 60, preferably from 40 to 55.
The amount of diesel fuel blended to form the fuel composition of the invention may be from 60 % v/v to 95 % v/v, based on the total volume of the fuel consumption.
In another embodiment, the hydrocarbon fuel comprises biodiesel In a further embodiment, the fuel composition comprises a blend of biodiesel and a petroleum diesel In one embodiment, the fuel composition comprises up to 50% v/v biodiesel, for example from 1 to 50% v/v, e.g. from 5 to 30% v/v, in particular from 10 to 20% v/v biodiesel The fuel composition may further comprise an oxygenator. The oxygenator may be an alcohol, such as ethanol. When an oxygenator such as ethanol is present, the amount of ethanol in the fuel may vary and may be from 1 to 50% v/v ethanol, e.g. from 1 to 20% v/v, in particular from 1 to 10% v/v ethanol A suitable fuel grade ethanol for use in accordance with the invention may contain none or only contaminant levels of water, e g less than 0.5% by volume of water. Alternatively, a suitable fuel grade ethanol for use in accordance with the invention may contain higher amounts of water, e g up to 1% v/v water.
In a particular embodiment, the fuel composition comprises from 89 to 98.5% by volume of one or more diesel fuels, from 1 to 10% by volume of an alcohol (e.g ethanol) and 0.5 to 1% by volume of an additive of the invention The fuel composition may be substantially free of water, save for trace water contamination In one embodiment, the fuel composition comprises less than 0.1 % wlw water.
The fuel composition may further comprise a cetane booster, e.g. in an amount of from 0.1 to 0.5% v/v. Suitable cetane boosters include 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, tertiary butyl peroxide, diethylene glycol methyl ether, cyclohexanol, and mixtures thereof The cetane booster may form part of the fuel additive or may be added separately to the fuel The fuel composition may also include a demulsifier, e.g. in an amount of less than 5 % vlv, in particular less than 1 % v/v The demulsifier may form part of the fuel additive or may be added separately to the fuel.
The fuel composition may further comprise one or more additives selected from cold flow improvers, detergent additives and lubricity additives.
The present additives may advantageously be used to solubilise nitrogen compounds Thus, the additive or fuel composition may further comprise a nitrogen compound The nitrogen compound may be selected from the group consisting of ammonia, hydrazine, alkyl hydrazine, dialkyl hydrazine urea, ethanolamine, monoalkyl ethanolamine, and dialkyl ethanolamine wherein alkyl is independently selected from methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl Of particular mention is urea The nitrogen compound may be an anhydrous compound or a hydrous compound, e.g. in the form of an aqueous solution.
The following Example illustrates the invention.
Example
An additive comprising a 1:1 weight ratio of 2-ethythexanol to oleic diethanolamide was added to low sulphur, ASTM D975-compliant diesel in an amount of 0.5% by volume.
The fuel composition further comprised 7.7% by volume of fuel grade (ASTM D4806-compliant) ethanol and 0 12% of a cetane improver. The cloud point of the fuel composition was compared to that of a composition comprising 0.5% by volume oleic diethanolamide over a range of water contents. At certain water contents, the additive of the invention was found to lower the cloud point by at least 5 CC.

Claims (9)

CLAI MS
1. A fuel additive comprising: (i) one or more alcohols having at least 6 carbon atoms; and (ii) one or more fatty acid alkanolamides; wherein the composition is substantially free of fatty acids.
2. An additive according to claim 1, further comprising one or more alkoxylated fatty acids.
3. An additive according to claim 1 or claim 2, which comprises (i) from 40 to 60% by weight of the one or more alcohols; (ii) from 10 to 60% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, and (iii) from 0 to 50% by weight of one or more alkoxylated fatty acids.
4 An additive according to claim 3, which comprises.
(i) from 40 to 60% by weight of the one or more alcohols; and (ii) from 40 to 60% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides.
5. An additive according to claim 4, which comprises (i) from 45 to 55% by weight of the one or more alcohols; and (ii) from 45 to 55% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolam ides
6. An additive according to claim 5, which comprises: (i) about 50% by weight of the one or more alcohols; and (ii) about 50% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides.
7. An additive according to claim 3, which comprises: (I) from 40 to 60% by weight of the one or more alcohols, (ii) from 10 to 60% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides; and (iii) from 10 to 50% by weight of the one or more alkoxylated fatty acids.
8 An additive according to claim 7, which comprises (i) from 45 to 55% by weight of the one or more alcohols; (ii) from 20 to 30% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides, and (iii) from 20 to 30 % by weight of the one or more alkoxylated fatty acids.
9. An additive according to claim 8, which comprises: (i) about 50% by weight of the one or more alcohols; (ii) about 25% by weight of the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides; and (iii) about 25% by weight of the one or more alkoxylated fatty acids.
An additive according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more alcohols comprise one or more alcohols having from 6 to 9 carbon atoms 11 An additive according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more alcohols comprise 2-ethylhexanol.
12 An additive according to any preceding claim, wherein the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides comprise an oleic alkanolamide, e.g. an oleic ethanolamide.
13 An additive according to claim 12, wherein the one or more fatty acid alkanolamides comprise oleic diethanolamide.
14 An additive according to any of claims 2 to 13, wherein the one or more alkoxylated fatty acids comprise an alkoxylated oleic acid, e.g. an ethoxylated oleic acid.
An additive according claim 14, wherein the alkoxylated oleic acid is monoethoxylated oleic acid 16 A fuel composition comprising a hydrocarbon fuel and a fuel additive of any preceding claim 17 A composition according to claim 16, wherein the fuel comprises gasoline 18. A composition according to claim 16, wherein the hydrocarbon fuel comprises a diesel fuel.
19 A composition according to claim 18, wherein the fuel comprises a petroleum diesel, a biodiesel or a mixture thereof.
20 A composition according to any of claims 16 to 19, further comprising ethanol.
21 A composition according to any of claims 16 to 19, wherein the additive is present in an amount of from 0 ito 1% by volume.
GB0715042A 2007-08-03 2007-08-03 Fuel additive Withdrawn GB2451507A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0715042A GB2451507A (en) 2007-08-03 2007-08-03 Fuel additive

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0715042A GB2451507A (en) 2007-08-03 2007-08-03 Fuel additive

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0715042D0 GB0715042D0 (en) 2007-09-12
GB2451507A true GB2451507A (en) 2009-02-04

Family

ID=38529156

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB0715042A Withdrawn GB2451507A (en) 2007-08-03 2007-08-03 Fuel additive

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2451507A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102517128A (en) * 2011-12-08 2012-06-27 厦门欧德力汽车用品有限公司 Automobile exhaust cleanser

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001010982A1 (en) * 1999-05-27 2001-02-15 Aae Holdings Plc Compositions
WO2002038709A2 (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-05-16 Aae Technologies International Limited Fuel composition
WO2002038707A2 (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-05-16 Aae Technologies International Limited Fuel composition
WO2002088280A2 (en) * 2001-04-27 2002-11-07 Aae Technologies International Plc Fuel additives
WO2002090469A1 (en) * 2001-05-07 2002-11-14 Victorian Chemicals International Pty Ltd Fuel blends
WO2005077495A1 (en) * 2004-02-09 2005-08-25 O2Diesel Corporation Methods for reducing particulate matter emissions from diesel engine exhaust using ethanol/diesel fuel blends in combination with diesel oxidation catalysts
US20060101711A1 (en) * 2002-07-23 2006-05-18 The Associated Octel Company Limited Fuel composition
WO2007076203A2 (en) * 2005-12-02 2007-07-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Low temperature stable fatty acid composition

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001010982A1 (en) * 1999-05-27 2001-02-15 Aae Holdings Plc Compositions
WO2002038709A2 (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-05-16 Aae Technologies International Limited Fuel composition
WO2002038707A2 (en) * 2000-11-08 2002-05-16 Aae Technologies International Limited Fuel composition
WO2002088280A2 (en) * 2001-04-27 2002-11-07 Aae Technologies International Plc Fuel additives
WO2002090469A1 (en) * 2001-05-07 2002-11-14 Victorian Chemicals International Pty Ltd Fuel blends
US20060101711A1 (en) * 2002-07-23 2006-05-18 The Associated Octel Company Limited Fuel composition
WO2005077495A1 (en) * 2004-02-09 2005-08-25 O2Diesel Corporation Methods for reducing particulate matter emissions from diesel engine exhaust using ethanol/diesel fuel blends in combination with diesel oxidation catalysts
WO2007076203A2 (en) * 2005-12-02 2007-07-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Low temperature stable fatty acid composition

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102517128A (en) * 2011-12-08 2012-06-27 厦门欧德力汽车用品有限公司 Automobile exhaust cleanser
CN102517128B (en) * 2011-12-08 2013-12-18 厦门欧德力汽车用品有限公司 Automobile exhaust cleanser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0715042D0 (en) 2007-09-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DK176455B1 (en) diesel fuel composition
JP4118678B2 (en) Fuel composition
US7311739B2 (en) Alkoxylate and alcohol free fuel additives
US7172635B2 (en) Fuel additives
US20080110081A1 (en) Fuel composition
AU2002223787A1 (en) Fuel composition
EP2435541B1 (en) Gasoline compositions
CN101531930A (en) Low temperature resistant alcohol clean fuel oil and preparation method
CA2343296C (en) Fuel additive composition and method for the treatment of fuels
EP1227143B1 (en) Fuel additives
GB2451507A (en) Fuel additive
AU2007231780A1 (en) Fuel additive
JP2007231119A (en) Heavy oil composition
ZA200709398B (en) Fuel additive
CA2343083A1 (en) Diesel fuel additive composition and method for the treatment of diesel fuels
WO2001062876A1 (en) Compositions
US20030163952A1 (en) Compositions
JP2007231121A (en) Heavy oil composition
AU2002308016B2 (en) Fuel additives
EP2435542B1 (en) Gasoline compositions
KR101598483B1 (en) Alcohol fuel composition for substituting gasoline
AU2002308016A1 (en) Fuel additives
PL222976B1 (en) Heating fuel

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WAP Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1)