GB2426708A

GB2426708A - Multi-part disinfectant

Info

Publication number: GB2426708A
Application number: GB0509171A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Brian James Healey
Original assignee: Clinimax Ltd; Animax Ltd
Current assignee: Clinimax Ltd
Priority date: 2005-05-05
Filing date: 2005-05-05
Publication date: 2006-12-06
Anticipated expiration: 2025-05-05
Also published as: GB2426708B; GB0509171D0

Abstract

A multi-part disinfectant composition comprises parts which are packed separately prior to use, said parts when combined in water or an aqueous solution react to form chlorine dioxide. Preferably the separate parts are a metal chlorite e.g. sodium chlorite, and a mono-, di- or tri-chloroisocyanurate. Preferably, when mixed in water, the resulting solution has a pH from 5-6.5. Optional ingredients include sequestering agents, a detergent, a tableting aid and a dissolution aid. The composition is preferably effective against M. tuberculosis. A preferred embodiment of the invention comprisises 25-40% citric acid, 18-28% chlorite, 12-22% dichloroisocyanurate 10-20% disodium hydrogen phosphate, 5-10% sodium carbonate, 3-6% sodium lauryl sulphate. Also disclosed is a method of forming a multi-part disinfectant, and a method of forming a solution containing an active antimicrobial substance.

Description

Title: Multi-Part Disinfectant

Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a multi-component disinfectant, the components of which may be combined to form an active antimicrobial substance (especially chlorine dioxide), and a method of making and using a multicomponent disinfectant

Background of the Invention

Chlorine dioxide, dO2, is a gas which is freely soluble in water. It is widely used as a disinfectant, especially in aqueous systems e.g. rendering water potable, disinfecting cooling systems etc. * Chlorine dioxide gas is potentially explosive and cannot be stored for long periods in :.. aqueous solution without degradation, so the substance is generally prepared in situ. It is S...

known therefore to provide a dry powder comprising reagents which generate dO2 when added to water. However, these are not ideal as even mere traces of water are sufficient to bring about the reaction. As a result, either extreme precautions must he taken to prevent * any moisture contacting the powder until desired, or else one must accept deterioration of : : the effectiveness of the powder over time. In addition, single part formulations are often * very oxidising in their own right and hence highly corrosive. This can cause difficulties in retaining the composition in a container over prolonged periods.

The present invention aims to overcome or ameliorate these difficulties.

Summary of the Invention

In a first aspect, the invention provides a multi-part disinfectant composition, wherein the parts thereof are packaged separately prior to use, and wherein the separately-packaged parts, when combined in the presence of water or an aqueous solution, react to form chlorine dioxide.

The term multi_part, as used herein, means that the composition comprises two or more separate parts. The disinfectant composition of the invention preferably comprises two separately-packaged parts, but there is no reason why the composition may not comprise three or more separately packaged parts.

The reader will readily appreciate that the parts of the composition may be combined in any order (e.g. one part may be added to water, and a second part added; or first and second parts may be simultaneously added to a desired volume of water).

Each part may comprise a single ingredient. Alternatively one or more of the parts of the composition may comprise two or more ingredients.

For simplicity, the composition will typically comprise two parts, and these may be referred to as, for example, Part 1 and Part 2, or Part A and Part B. I... e.

S The separately-packaged parts of the composition may be stored for prolonged periods (e.g. over 1 year, typically over 2 years and even for 3 years or more) without diminution :. in efficacy, until desired. When the disinfectant is required the separate parts may he * combined, in the presence of water or an aqueous solution, to produce C102 in amounts * substantially identical to the amounts which would have been produced had the parts been * .: combined without prior storage. (For present purposes, "substantially identical" amounts of C102 means at least 90%, preferably at least 95 %, arid most preferably at least 98 % of the amount of C102 produced when the parts are combined without prior storage.) In one embodiment one of the parts of the disinfectant comprises a water-soluble chlorite, preferably an alkali metal chlorite or alkaline metal chlorite. In one embodiment one of the parts of the disinfectant comprises a mono-, di- or tri-chioroisocyanurate. In a preferred embodiment, the composition comprises two parts, one of which comprises an alkali metal chlorite or alkaline metal chlorite, and the other part comprises a mono-, di- or trichioroisocyanurate.

In a preferred embodiment, one part of the composition comprises sodium chlorite. In a preferred embodiment one part of the composition comprises dichioro- or trichioroisocyanurate. A particularly preferred ingredient is sodium dichioroisocyanurate.

Chioroisocyanurate is readily available commercially. It is used to disinfect swimming pools, by generating hypochiorous acid in aqua.

Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, the inventor believes that the chlorite and chloroisocyanurate react, in the presence of water in the following manner: (i) dissolving the dichloroisocyanurate in water produces sodium hypochiorite and hypochlorous acid; C3C12N3O3Na + 2H20 -* C3H3N303 + NaOCI + HOC! : (ii) the sodium chlorite reacts with hypochiorite, in acidic conditions, to produce chlorine dioxide: I...

+ NaOCl + 2NaCIO2 2 Gb2 + Na + NaOH + NaCI S. * S * S*S The inventor has found that acidic conditions are required for optimal Cl02 generation.

* * Accordingly, it is preferred that the composition comprises (in one or more parts thereof) an acidic substance to lower the pH below 7. Preferably the composition is formulated * such that, when mixed with the appropriate volume of tap water or aqueous solution, it produces an aqueous mixture with a pH in the range 5- 6.5, preferably 5-6, most preferably about 5.5.

The composition preferably comprises a buffer and/or a sequestering agent. The sequestering agent, if present, should preferably be suitable for use at a pH in the range 5- 6.5 and should be capable, in particular, of complexing calcium ions at those pH values.

A suitable substance includes di-sodium hydrogen orthophosphate or hexametaphosphate.

In a preferred embodiment the disinfectant, once prepared, is active against Mycobacteria, especially Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis. Active', in this sense, means that the prepared disinfectant at a dilution of 1 in 80 passes the test criteria of British Standard BS 6734:2004 when tested against Mycobacterium fortuitum NCTC 8573 with a one hour exposure time.

All Mycobacterial cells are surrounded by a relatively thick, waxy lipid coat. To enable the dissolved C102 to attack the bacterial envelope it is necessary to remove the lipid coat.

Preferably, the disinfectant composition of the invention comprises an ingredient which can achieve this. Conveniently, therefore, one or more parts of the disinfectant will comprise a detergent. The detergent is preferably readily water-soluble. The detergent is preferably one which is not susceptible to the oxidising effects of C102 (e.g. ethoxylate- based detergents are not appropriate). A preferred detergent comprises sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). S *S

A further preferred feature of the invention is the inclusion of a tableting aid to help * 5.. compression and binding of the composition if a tablet form is desired. The tableting aid : . may be included in all parts of the composition which are to be tableted. Suitable tableting :. aids and/or binders include kaolin. * .

::: ; An additional preferred ingredient of the composition of the invention is a dissolution aid, * which is especially useful if the formulation is provided wholly or partly in tablet form.

One suitable dissolution aid comprises sodium carbonate, which effervesces in aqueous acidic conditions.

A typical formulation would comprise, split among two or more parts, the following amounts (in grams per lOOgms of formulation): Substance Typical Range Preferred Amount Citric Acid 25-40 33 (Sodium) Chlorite 18-28 23 (Sodium) dichioroisocyanurate 12-22 17 Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate 10-20 15 Sodium Carbonate 5-10 7.5 SLS 3-6 4.7 Preferably the chlorite and the dichioroisocyanurate are in separate parts of the composition. In one embodiment the dichioroisocyanurate is packaged, together with the citric acid, in one part, and the remaining ingredients are packaged together in a second part.

If desired one or more parts may comprise a bulking agent or filler. Conveniently, one or more parts of the composition may be packaged together with a desiccant, such as silica gel.

In one embodiment, each part of the composition is packaged in a sealed container or package, but the separate sealed containers or packages may themselves be supplied in a * single larger container or package which comprises all the parts of the composition needed to make a disinfectant when added to water or an aqueous solution.

S

* , In a second aspect, the invention provides a method of making a multipart disinfectant ::: : composition in accordance with the first aspect of the invention, the method comprising the * step of packaging, separately, two or more parts of the composition which parts, when combined in the presence of water or an aqueous solution, react to form an active antimicrobial substance, especially chlorine dioxide.

in a third aspect the invention provides a method of forming a solution containing an active antimicrobial substance, the method comprising the steps of combining, in the presence of water or an aqueous solution, the parts of a multi-part composition in accordance with the first aspect of the invention.

The invention will now he further described by way of illustrative examples and with reference to the accompanying drawmg, Figure 1, which is a graph of Absorbance against time, showing the amount of C102 produced upon dissolving a multi-part composition according to the invention in water.

Example 1

A Two-Part Chlorine Dioxide producing Powder Disinfectant was prepared as follows: Part A Sodium Chlorite 45. 4g Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate 30.3g Sodium Carbonate 15. ig Sodium Lauryl Sulphate 9.2g 1 OOg * Part B Citric Acid 66.7g S...

Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate 33.3g * 4 : lOOg S..

$ An aqueous solution was prepared from the two parts above as follows: Part A: 0.33g *:*. PartB: 0.33g Water: 99.34g This equates to a 1:150 dilution. The Chlorine Dioxide produced in solution was measured by U.V. spectroscopy at 10 second intervals over a period of 10 minutes after preparation. Results are shown in Figure 1. An absorbance of 0.70 equates to a concentration of dissolved C102 of 700ppm. The 1: 150 dilution gave a total release after minutes of 756 ppm of chlorine dioxide.

Example 2

A Two Part powder disinfectant prepared according to Example 1 was stored in Greirier Bio one Sample pots at ambient temperature for 250 days. The release of Chlorine Dioxide after the 250 days of a 1:150 dilution in water was 79Oppm after 10 minutes testing.

A single part Chlorine Dioxide releasing Powder Disinfectant stored under the same conditions for the same time released less than lOOppm of Chlorine Dioxide after 10 minutes on the same test.

Example 3

A preparation according to Example 1 and 2 was prepared in a fresh aqueous solution at a dilution of 1:100 and was bacteriologically tested against several bacterial strains, according to BS EN 1276*.

Strains tested were: *0 S. II MR Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 12493 MR Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591 * : Escherichia coli ATCC 10536 * Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 Salmonella pimurium NCTC 5710 Salmonella enteridius NCTC 4444 (+ Methicillin-resistant) In all cases a log reduction in excess of five fold was achieved down to less than 10 organisms per mJ.

Example 4

A preparation according to Example 1 and 2 was prepared in a fresh aqueous solution at a dilution of 1:80 and was bacteriologically tested against: Mycobacterium fortutiurn NCTC 8573 This was tested using the BS 6734.2004* test procedure with a 1 hour exposure time and passed the test criteria at the 1 80 dilution.

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Claims

Claims 1. A multi-part disinfectant composition, wherein the parts thereof

are packaged separately prior to use, and whcrein the separately-packaged parts, when combined in the presence of water or an aqueous solution, react to form chlorine dioxide.
2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein one of the parts comprises a water- soluble chlorite.
3. A composition according to claim 2, wherein the water-soluble chlorite is an alkali metal chlorite or an alkaline metal chlorite.
4. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one of the parts comprises a mono-, di- or tri-chioroisocyanurate.
5. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition comprises two parts, one of which comprises an alikali metal chlorite or an alkaline metal chlorite, and the other part comprises a mono-, di- or trichioroisocyanurate.
6. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein one part of the composition comprises sodium chlorite.
7. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one part of the composition comprises di- or trichioroisocyanurate.
8. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims wherein one part of the composition comprises sodi urn dichloroisocyanurate.
9. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims formulated such that, when mixed with an appropriate volume of tap water or aqueous solution, the composition produces an aqueous mixture with a pH in the range 5-6.5, preferably 5-6.
10. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a buffer and/or sequestering agent.
11. A composition according to claim 10, comprising a sequestering agent capable of complexing calcium ions at a pH in the range 5-6.5.
12. A composition according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the sequestering agent is di- sodium hydrogen orthophosphate or hexarnetaphosphate.
13. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims which, when the parts are combined, is active against M. tuberculosis.
14. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more parts of the composition comprise a detergent.
15. A composition according to claim 14, wherein the detergent is sodium lauryl sulphate.
16. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a tahieting aid to help compression and binding of the composition.
17. A composition according to claim 16, wherein the tableting aid comprises kaolin.
1 8. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or more parts are provided in tablet form, and the tableted part(s) comprises a dissolution aid.
19. A composition according to claim 18, wherein the dissolution aid comprises sodium carbonate.
20. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the following amounts of ingredients (in grams per 100 gms of formulation) split among two or more parts: Substance Typical Range Preferred Amount Citric acid 25-40 33 (Sodium) citrate i 8-28 23 (Sodium) dichioroisocyanurate 12-22 17 Disodium hydrogen phosphate 10-20 15 Sodium carbonate s-io 7.5 Sodium lauryl sulphate 3-6 4.7
21. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a chlorite in one part and, in a separate part, a dich] oroisocyanurate.
22. A composition according to claim 21, comprising a dichioroisocyanurate and citric acid packaged in one part, and the remaining ingredients packaged in a second part.
23. A method of making a multi-part disinfectant composition according to claim 1, the method comprising the step of packaging, separately, two or more parts of the composition which parts, when combined in the presence of water or an aqueous solution, react to form chlorine dioxide.
24. A method according to claim 23, performance of which results in manufacture of a composition according to any one of claims 1-22.
25. A method of forming a solution containing an active antimicrobial substance, the method comprising the steps of combining, in the presence of water or an aqueous solution, the parts of a multi-part composition in accordance with any one of claims 1-22.
26. A multi-part disinfectant composition substantially as hereinbefore described.