GB2425835A - Fluorescent metal ion chelating agent probe for the detection of corrosion - Google Patents
Fluorescent metal ion chelating agent probe for the detection of corrosion Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2425835A GB2425835A GB0509358A GB0509358A GB2425835A GB 2425835 A GB2425835 A GB 2425835A GB 0509358 A GB0509358 A GB 0509358A GB 0509358 A GB0509358 A GB 0509358A GB 2425835 A GB2425835 A GB 2425835A
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- Prior art keywords
- chelating agent
- substrate
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- binder
- metal
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Links
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 36
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WUXYGIQVWKDVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C2=C1 WUXYGIQVWKDVTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alizarin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005725 8-Hydroxyquinoline Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 aluminium ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960003540 oxyquinoline Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- YXOLAZRVSSWPPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morin Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=C(O)C(=O)C2=C(O)C=C(O)C=C2O1 YXOLAZRVSSWPPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- JFEVWPNAOCPRHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1316021 Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=CC=C1O JFEVWPNAOCPRHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UXOUKMQIEVGVLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N morin Natural products OC1=CC(O)=CC(C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O)C=C(O)C=C3O2)O)=C1 UXOUKMQIEVGVLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007708 morin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N Dimethyl sulfoxide Chemical group [2H]C([2H])([2H])S(=O)C([2H])([2H])[2H] IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-WFGJKAKNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical group CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical compound [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007850 fluorescent dye Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium nitrate Chemical compound [Al+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JLDSOYXADOWAKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010349 cathodic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMFIWMWBTZQTQH-IDTAVKCVSA-N 9-[(2r,3r,4s,5s)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(2-methylpropylsulfanylmethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3h-purin-6-one Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CSCC(C)C)O[C@H]1N1C(NC=NC2=O)=C2N=C1 CMFIWMWBTZQTQH-IDTAVKCVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910006069 SO3H Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- HFVAFDPGUJEFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M alizarin red S Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=C2O HFVAFDPGUJEFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009920 chelation Effects 0.000 description 1
- OTKYOGBGHUUFPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl1700270 Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC(Cl)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1O OTKYOGBGHUUFPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012505 colouration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001431 copper ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007761 roller coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/006—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light of metals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N17/00—Investigating resistance of materials to the weather, to corrosion, or to light
- G01N17/04—Corrosion probes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6447—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence by visual observation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/91—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination using penetration of dyes, e.g. fluorescent ink
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Testing Resistance To Weather, Investigating Materials By Mechanical Methods (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By The Use Of Chemical Reactions (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
A corrosion detection probe and method of corrosion detection at both a bare metal substrate and a coated metal substrate is provided. The probe, in the form of a solution or coating is capable of fluorescing in response to the generation of metal ions at the metal substrate resulting from corrosion processes. The detection solution comprises a binder configured to increase adhesion of the solution when applied to the substrate. Additionally, a method of applying the formulation to the substrate in the form of a spray, particularly an aerosol, is disclosed. Corrosion of the metal substrate is identified by irradiating the coated substrate with ultra violet light and observing resulting fluorescence. An example shows the metal substrate to be aluminium and the metal ion chelating agent to be 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acid hydrate.
Description
* 2425835
FLUORESCENT PROBE FOR THE DETECTION OF CORROSION
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a non-destructive chemical probe for the detection of corrosion and a method of detecting corrosion at a metal substrate, and in particular although not exclusively, to the detection of metal ions generated at the metal substrate.
Background to the Invention
Metal corrosion represents a significant problem within the automotive and aviation industries. Corrosion, if undetected and untreated, leads to a considerable decrease in the integrity and strength of metal structures which in turn have significant economic and safety implications particularly within these types of industries.
One of the more primitive forms of corrosion detection is by visual inspection in which a person is required to visually inspect all parts of the metal structure. This type of detection method is disadvantageous for a number of reasons including for example the time taken to carefully inspect all parts of the metalwork including joints, welds and relatively inaccessible locations which make visual detection difficult. Additionally, it is extremely difficult to detect corrosion visually at a very early stage. Accordingly, a number of different types of inspection methods have been developed in an attempt to facilitate the ease of early corrosion detection.
US 2003/0068824 discloses a method of detecting corrosion involving the application of a removable corrosion-detecting substance that changes appearance in response to corrosion occurring on the surface of the metal structure. The indication method disclosed is cathodic reaction based in that cathodic reactions, that are integral to the corrosion process, increase the local pH at the point of corrosion. The detection coating is pH sensitive whereby P1408 spec 041105 corrosion detection is indicated by an associated coating colour change in the region of pH change.
US 4,278,508 also discloses a method of detecting a cathodic corrosion site on a metallic substrate in which a pH sensitive fluorescent dye is deposited onto the substrate and configured to fluoresce in response to the hydrogen generated from the cathodic corrosion reaction.
Similarly, Sibi and Zong Progress in Organic and Coatings 47 (2003) 8-15 disclose a method using fluorescent probes for the determination of metal ions in corrosion processes of AL 202413. Fluorescent probes, including lumogallion and Phen Greet are used being responsive to aluminum, magnesium and copper ions in aqueous solution and corrosion processes. The fluorescent probes are doped into epoxy/polyamide primers deposited on aluminum alloy surfaces. Fluorescence microscopy is then used to reveal localised corrosion.
An alternative inspection method is disclosed in US 4,044,253 which discloses a method for detecting cracks or defects in a composite skin bonded to a metal substrate. The method comprises the steps of applying a solution of 8- hydroxyquinoline in a solvent to the composite coating and then exposing the coating to ultraviolet radiation. The presence of defects or cracks in the coating is indicated by a fluorescent glow. The 8-hydroxyquinoline reacts with the metal substrate forming a metal chelate which fluoresces in response to exposure to ultraviolet light.
The inventors have identified a number of disadvantages with the detection method of US 4,044,253 including for example the method of application which can lead to contamination of the uncorroded metal substrate. Additionally, the time taken for the formulation to detect flaws in the coating is unacceptable in addition to the ease with which the formulation may be removed from the inspection area in turn providing a perceived lack of corrosion when in fact corrosion exists.
P1408 spec 041105 What is required therefore is a corrosion detection method and apparatus that addresses the above problems.
Summary of the Invention
The inventors provide an inexpensive corrosion detection probe and convenient method of corrosion detection at both a bare metal substrate and a coated metal substrate.
Through experimental investigations, the inventors have identified numerous problems with prior art early corrosion detection methods. In particular, by spray coating the metal substrate with the corrosion detection solution of the present invention the problems associated with conventional brush or roller coating methods are avoided. It has been discovered that these prior art application methods cause contamination of uncorroded areas of the substrate surface coated with a plastic or polymer based coating.
Through the choice of chelating agent and by the action of spray coating the detection solution onto the substrate an instantaneous detection system is provided in contrast to the detection method disclosed in US 4, 044,253 which specifies a time period of between 10 seconds to 30 minutes to elapse after application of the detection formulation to enable faults in the coating to be detected. This significantly lengthens the time required for a corrosion investigation particularly where large structures are involved.
By including a binder within the detection solution/formulation configured to increase adhesion of the applied corrosion detection coating to the substrate, the detection formulation is capable of remaining in position at the substrate for a considerable period of time following the spray application. Therefore, once the substrate has been coated with the formulation of the present invention, the step of detecting corrosion using ultraviolet radiation may be carried out at some later P1408 spec.041 105 stage that may be more practical and convenient whilst still enabling reliable corrosion identification.
According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of detecting corrosion at a surface of a metal substrate, said method comprising: spray coating a portion said surface of said metal substrate with a solution comprising a binder and a metal ion chelating agent capable of fluorescence; and exposing the coated metal surface to ultraviolet radiation.
The chelating agent may comprise any one or a combination of the following: alizarin; lumogalliol; morin; o,o'-dihydroxyazobenzene (dhab); 8- hydroxyquinoline; 8-hydroxyquinoline5sulphonjc acid hydrate (8-HQS).
The binder compound configured to provide adhesion of the detection solution to the metal substrate is preferably a polymer compound in particular polyvinylalcohol. The binder is configured to increase the viscosity of the corrosion detection solution, thereby inhibiting removal once applied to the substrate. The binder is selected to provide the required viscosity whilst permitting the solution to be applied to the substrate in the form of a particulate spray or mist. The binder may alternatively include a natural or synthetic gum.
Preferably, the solution comprises a composition of 0.5-1.5 weight % of the chelating agent and 3.5-5.5 weight % of the binder.
The present method and apparatus for corrosion detection is particularly suitable for use with aluminum based substrates and for the chelation of trivalent aluminum ions.
The solution of the present invention comprises a solvent suitable for solvating the chelating agent wherein the solvent is preferably dimethylsulphoxide. Preferably, the solution is allowed to dry or partially dry after application on the substrate surface prior to exposing the coated metal surface to P1408 spec.041 105 ultraviolet radiation. However, the present invention is equally suitable for the instantaneous detection of corrosion immediately after spray application and exposure to ultraviolet radiation.
Preferably, the formulation solution of the present invention is applied to the substrate in aerosol form according to conventional aerosol spray techniques.
According to a second aspect of the present invention there is provided an aluminium based substrate having a coating configured to react chemically with aluminium ions generated at said substrate, said coating comprising: an aluminium ion chelating agent configured to chelate said aluminium ions generated at said substrate and to fluoresce in response to exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and a binder configured to inhibit removal of said chelating agent from said substrate.
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a corrosion indicator formulation configured to indicate the presence of metal ions generated at a surface of a metal substrate, said formulation comprising: a metal ion chelating agent configured to chelate with metal ions generated at said substrate and to fluoresce in response to exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and a binder configured to inhibit removal of said chelating agent from said substrate following a spray coating of said formulation onto said substrate.
Brief Description of the Drawings
For a better understanding of the invention and to show how the same may be carried into effect, there will now be described by way of example only, specific embodiments, methods and processes according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 herein shows an aluminum test panel exposed to UV light indicating corrosion where a protective film has been scored by a scalpel.
P1408 spec 041105
Detailed Description
There will now be described by way of example a specific mode contemplated by the inventors. In the following description numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding. It will be apparent however, to one skilled in the art, that the present invention may be practiced without limitation to these specific details. In other instances, well known methods and structures have not been described in detail so as not to
unnecessarily obscure the description.
The present invention provides a corrosion detection probe suitable for investigating corrosion at metal substrates and in particular large metal structures particularly within the aviation and automotive industries. The detection probe, in the form of a solution, is capable of being sprayed onto the metal substrate in the form of a temporary coating. According to further specific implementations of the present invention the detection probe may be formed as a permanent or semi- permanent coating, in the form of a paint. Both the rudimentary spray applied' coating and the corrosion detecting paint are configured to fluoresce when exposed to ultraviolet radiation and, in the presence of metal ions generated at the metal substrate resulting from the corrosion process.
Studies reported below include investigations of the ion transport properties and light transmission of three polymer coatings applied to an aluminium based substrate. Fluorescence measurements in solution were carried out in addition to the preparation and investigation of aluminium test panels in which a polymer coated aluminium surface was first scratched and then exposed to salt solution so as to induce corrosion.
Example I
The corrosion detection formulation configured specifically for corrosion detection at aluminium based substrates comprises 8-hydroxyquinoline-5sulphonic acid hydrate (8-HQS). 8-HQS is capable of chelating with trivalent P1408 spec 041105 aluminium ions to form a complex having a maximum excitation wavelength of 367 mn, an emission maximum at 395 nm and a stability constant pK of 20.3. SO3H
OH
8-hydroxyquinoline5sulphonjc acid hydrate (8-HQS).
Studies of ion transport and light transmission Polyester samples were prepared from a polyester based resin in styrene with peroxide catalyst P2 in the ratio 197:3 by weight. Epoxy samples were prepared from an epoxy based resin cured with an amine hardener in the ratio 69:31 by weight. Polyurethane samples were prepared from a water based polyurethane allowed to dry in air. Films of each polymer were prepared by spreading the polymer on a PTFE base using a draw-bar, and removing the films when hardened. Light transmission was measured at various wavelengths in a UV/visible spectrophotometer. Ion transport was measured in a container fashioned from polycarbonate, with two wells joined by a tunnel and with the sample placed in the tunnel to form a barrier between the solutions in each well. One well was filled with the test solution and the other with de-ionised water. The increase in ion concentration of the de-ionised water was measured as a function of time as ions passed through the polymer film.
P1408 spec 041105 Fluorescence measurements A series of aqueous solutions were made from dilutions of a stock solution of aluminium nitrate mixed with an equimolar solution of 8-HQS (supplied by Lancaster Synthesis). These solutions were scanned in a Shimadzu single- beam fluorimeter.
Preparation of aluminium test panels for corrosion A solution in dimethyl sulfoxide was prepared by dissolving 1% by weight of 8-HQS and 4% by weight of polyvinyl alcohol (Aldrich Chemicals) at 70 C.
The solution was allowed to cool and kept in a stoppered bottle. A thin film was deposited on a standard aluminium test panel using a draw-bar set at 100 microns gap. The solution was allowed to dry in air for 48 hours and then further drying carried out at 60 C in an oven. The aluminium surface had an even, yellow colouration. The surface was then coated with epoxy resin to provide a protective coating for the bare aluminium substrate. The exposed edges were coated with beeswax and the film was scored with a scalpel to provide a corrosion site and the panel exposed to a salt spray. The test panel was visualised using a hand-held UV lamp with a maximum output centred at 373 nm.
Studies of ion transport and light transmission.
The transmission of light, necessary for inspection of painted surfaces using UV sources, shows considerable variation across the three polymer types chosen. Table (1) gives the percentage transmission at wavelengths selected to represent excitation and emission wavelengths of fluorophores of interest.
P1408 spec 041105 Polymer Thickness Transmission at wavelength ________ (pm) 360 487nm 495nm 513 588 nm nm nm Epoxy 1050 36% 53% 54% 55% 57% polyurethane 780 1% 10% 11% 12% 14% polyester 712 3% 11% 11% 11.5% 16% Table 1. Light transmission of paint films at selected wavelengths.
The aluminium complex of 8-HQS has an excitation maximum at 360 nm and emission maximum at 495 nm. From a comparison of absorbances it can be shown that an epoxy film could be about 4 times as thick as polyester or polyurethane for similar sensitivity. Initial studies of ion transport in which 0.IM NaCI solutions were separated from deionised water by films of 600 microns were conducted and the deionised water tested for the presence of chloride using silver nitrate solution (0.OIM). After 5 days exposure of an epoxy film there was the unequivocal presence of chloride in the receiving chamber and after 12 days a heavy precipitate was registered. The polymer had distorted into a domed shape due to the ingress of salt. Polyurethane gave a similar result but polyester showed no distortion after 12 days exposure and chloride was not detected in the receiving chamber. This would infer that polyester coatings would be the most effective to inhibit corrosion. However for the study of fluorescent probes, the polymer of choice is epoxy due to its good light transmission and ion transport characteristics.
Fluorescence measurements of 8-HQS The fluorescent output of the aluminium complex of 8-HQS is shown in Table 2 below. In the absence of aluminium, 8-HQS is only weakly fluorescent at 0.O1M concentration.
P1408.spec.041 105 rncentration (M) Fluorescence peak maximum(instrument units) 2x107 0.216 1x106 0.503 2x106 1.19 1x105 7.45 I x I0 49.9 3x104 114.7 Table 2. Concentration dependence of 8-HQS fluorescence The semi-quantitative data in Table 2 show the detection limit and linear response range of the fluorescent probe in solution.
Corrosion of aluminium test panels Figure 1 herein shows an aluminium test panel prepared in accordance with the preparation procedure detailed above. The region of the test panel scored with a scalpel is identified by the lightly shaded horizontal line positioned just above centre of the test panel. The salt solution inducing corrosion at the scored region also induced corrosion at various regions of the test panel, being represented by circular light spots. These circular regions correspond to bubbles formed in the epoxy film that allow penetration of the corrosive species through the film in contact with the aluminium substrate.
Figure 1 shows the test panel illuminated by UV light whereby corrosion is easily identified by the lightly shaded regions according to figure 1.
P1408.spec 041105
Claims (28)
- Claims: 1. A method of detecting corrosion at a surface of a metalsubstrate, said method comprising: spray coating a portion said surface of said metal substrate with a solution comprising a binder and a metal ion chelating agent capable of fluorescence; and exposing the coated metal surface to ultraviolet radiation.
- 2. The method as claimed in claim I wherein said chelating agent is: * alizarin.
- 3. The method as claimed in claim I wherein said chelating agent is: * lumogalliol.
- 4. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said chelating agent is: * morin.
- 5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said chelating agent is: * o,o'-dihydroxyazobenzene (dhab).
- 6. The method as claimed in claim I wherein said chelating agent is: * 8-hydroxyquinoline.
- 7. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said chelating agent is: P1408 spec 041105 * 8-hydroxyquinoline5sulphonic acid hydrate (8-HQS).
- 8. The method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said binder is a polymer compound.
- 9. The method as claimed in claim 8 wherein said binder is polyvinylalcohol.
- 10. The method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said solution comprises a composition of 0.5-1.5 weight % of said chelating agent.
- 11. The method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said solution comprises a composition of 3.5-5.5 weight % of said binder.
- 12. The method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said substrate is aluminium or an aluminium alloy and said metal ions are aluminium ions.
- 13. The method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said solution comprises a solvent suitable for solvating said chelating agent.
- 14. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein said solvent is dimethylsulphoxide.
- 15. The method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said step of spray coating comprises applying said solution to said substrate in aerosol form.
- 16. The method as claimed in any preceding claim further comprising: allowing said solution to dry or partially dry at said portion of said substrate surface prior to said step of: P1408 spec 041105 exposing the coated metal surface to ultraviolet radiation.
- 17. An aluminium based substrate having a coating configured to react chemically with aluminium ions generated at said substrate, said coating comprising: an aluminium ion chelating agent configured to chelate said aluminium ions generated at said substrate and to fluoresce in response to exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and a binder configured to inhibit removal of said chelating agent from said substrate.
- 18. The substrate as claimed in claim 17 wherein said chelating agent is: * alizarin.
- 19. The substrate as claimed in claim 17 wherein said chelating agent is: * lumogalliol.
- 20. The substrate as claimed in claim 17 wherein said chelating agent is: * morin.
- 21. The substrate as claimed in claim 17 wherein said chelating agent is: * o,o'-dihydroxyazobenzene (dhab).P1408 spec 041105
- 22. The substrate as claimed in claim 17 wherein said chelating agent is: * 8-hydroxyquinoline.
- 23. The substrate as claimed in claim 17 wherein chelating agent is: * 8-hydroxyquinoIine5suJphonic acid hydrate (8-HQS).
- 24. The substrate as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 23 wherein said binder is polyvinylalcohol.
- 25. The substrate as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 24 wherein said solution comprises a composition of 0.5-1.5 weight% of said chelating agent.
- 26. The substrate as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 25 wherein said solution comprises a composition of 3.5-5.5 weight % of said binder.
- 27. A corrosion indicator formulation configured to indicate the presence of metal ions generated at a surface of a metal substrate, said formulation comprising: a metal ion chelating agent configured to chelate with metal ions generated at said substrate and to fluoresce in response to exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and a binder configured to inhibit removal of said chelating agent from said substrate following a spray coating of said formulation onto said substrate.
- 28. The formulation as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 26 comprising a composition of 3.5-5.5 weight % of said binder.P1408 spec amended Jan 0628. The formulation as claimed in claim 27 wherein said chelating agent is: P1408 spec 041105 * alizarin.29. The formulation as claimed in claim 27 wherein said chelating agent is: * lumogalliol.30. The formulation as claimed in claim 27 wherein said chelating agent is: * morin.31. The formulation as claimed in claim 27 wherein said chelating agent is: * o,o'-dihydroxyazobenzene (dhab): 32. The formulation as claimed in claim 27 wherein said chelating agent is: * 8-hydroxyquinoline.33. The formulation as claimed in claim 27 wherein said chelating agent is: * 8-hydroxyquinoline5sulphonjc acid hydrate (8-HQS).34. The formulation as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 33 wherein said binder is polyvinylalcohol.P1408 spec.041105 35. The formulation as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 34 further comprising a solvent configured to solvate said chelating agent.36. The formulation as claimed in claim 35 wherein said solvent is dimethylsulphoxide.37. The formulation as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 36 comprising a composition of 0.5-1.5 weight % of said chelating agent.38. The formulation as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 37 comprising a composition of 3.5-5.5 weight % of said binder.P1408 spec.041 105 Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows 1. A method of detecting corrosion at a surface of a metal substrate, said method comprising: spray coating a portion of said surface of said metal substrate with a solution comprising a binder and a metal ion chelating agent capable of fluorescence; and exposing the coated metal surface to ultraviolet radiation.2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said chelating agent is: * alizarin.3. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said chelating agent is: * lumogalliol.4. The method as claimed in claim I wherein said chelating agent is: * morin.5. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said chelating agent is: * o,o'-dihydroxyazobenzene (dhab).6. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said chelating agent is: * 8-hydroxyquinoline.7. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said chelating agent is: P1408 spec amended Jan 06 -1I- 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonic acid hydrate (8-HQS).8. The method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said binder is a polymer compound.9. The method as claimed in claim 8 wherein said binder is polyvinylalcohol.10. The method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said solution comprises a composition of 0.5-1.5 weight % of said chelating agent.11. The method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said solution comprises a composition of 3.5-5.5 weight % of said binder.12. The method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said substrate is aluminium or an aluminium alloy and said metal ions are aluminium ions.13. The method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said solution comprises a solvent suitable for solvating said chelating agent.14. The method as claimed in claim 13 wherein said solvent is dimethylsulphoxide.15. The method as claimed in any preceding claim wherein said step of spray coating comprises applying said solution to said substrate in aerosol form.16. The method as claimed in any preceding claim further comprising: P1408 spec amended Jan 06 allowing said solution to dry or partially dry at said portion of said substrate surface prior to said step of: exposing the coated metal surface to ultraviolet radiation.17. A corrosion indicator formulation configured to indicate the presence of metal ions generated at a surface of a metal substrate, said formulation comprising: a metal ion chelating agent configured to chelate with metal ions generated at said substrate and to fluoresce in response to exposure to ultraviolet radiation; and a binder configured to inhibit removal of said chelating agent from said substrate following a spray coating of said formulation onto said substrate.18. The formulation as claimed in claim 17 wherein said chelating agent is: * alizarin.19. The formulation as claimed in claim 17 wherein said chelating agent is: * lumogalliol.20. The formulation as claimed in claim 17 wherein said chelating agent is: * morin.P 1408 spec amended Jan 06 -.21. The formulation as claimed in claim 17 wherein said chelating agent is: * o,o'-dihydroxyazobenzene (dhab): 22. The formulation as claimed in claim 17 wherein said chelating agent is: * 8-hydroxyquinoline.23. The formulation as claimed in claim 17 wherein said chelating agent is: * 8-hydroxyquinoline5suJphonjc acid hydrate (8-HQS).24. The formulation as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 22 wherein said binder is polyvinylalcohol.25. The formulation as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 23 further comprising a solvent configured to solvate said chelating agent.26. The formulation as claimed in claim 24 wherein said solvent is dimethylsuiphoxide.27. The formulation as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 25 comprising a composition of 0.5-1.5 weight % of said chelating agent.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0705948A GB2434447B (en) | 2005-05-07 | 2005-05-07 | Fluorescent probe for the detection of corrosion |
| GB0509358A GB2425835B (en) | 2005-05-07 | 2005-05-07 | Fluorescent probe for the detection of corrosion |
| EP06743874A EP1886115A1 (en) | 2005-05-07 | 2006-05-03 | Fluorescent probe for the detection of corrosion |
| PCT/GB2006/001626 WO2006120389A1 (en) | 2005-05-07 | 2006-05-03 | Fluorescent probe for the detection of corrosion |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0509358A GB2425835B (en) | 2005-05-07 | 2005-05-07 | Fluorescent probe for the detection of corrosion |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0509358D0 GB0509358D0 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
| GB2425835A true GB2425835A (en) | 2006-11-08 |
| GB2425835B GB2425835B (en) | 2007-06-27 |
Family
ID=34685245
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0509358A Expired - Fee Related GB2425835B (en) | 2005-05-07 | 2005-05-07 | Fluorescent probe for the detection of corrosion |
| GB0705948A Expired - Fee Related GB2434447B (en) | 2005-05-07 | 2005-05-07 | Fluorescent probe for the detection of corrosion |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0705948A Expired - Fee Related GB2434447B (en) | 2005-05-07 | 2005-05-07 | Fluorescent probe for the detection of corrosion |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1886115A1 (en) |
| GB (2) | GB2425835B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006120389A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008112023A1 (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2008-09-18 | Sensortran, Inc. | Systems and methods for detecting corrosion |
| WO2009126802A1 (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2009-10-15 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Corrosion detection product and method |
| EP3156460A1 (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-19 | wertec GmbH | Corrosion-inhibiting composition based on an organic component for metal structure, in particular for prestressed steel |
| FR3074904A1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-14 | Psa Automobiles Sa | DETERMINING THE EXTENT OF CORROSION AREAS OF A METAL SAMPLE |
| DE102018132318A1 (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-06-18 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Vertreten Durch Den Bundesminister Für Wirtschaft Und Energie, Dieser Vertreten Durch Den Präsidenten Der Bundesanstalt Für Materialforschung Und -Prüfung (Bam) | Gel pad for quality inspection of aluminum surfaces |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0907110D0 (en) | 2009-04-24 | 2009-06-03 | Rolls Royce Plc | Surface sensors |
| CN104764688B (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2018-03-06 | 江苏科技大学 | Drying and watering cycle ultraviolet lighting automatic corrosion chamber and test method |
| CN105259100B (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2018-04-06 | 上海电力学院 | A kind of aluminium alloy early stage corrosion produces the detection method of Al3+ ions |
| CN112683766A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-20 | 重庆市食品药品检验检测研究院 | Method for detecting fluorine resistance of tantalum and titanium materials |
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| US4044253A (en) * | 1976-06-04 | 1977-08-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Non-destructive inspection of composite and adhesively bonded structures |
| US4278508A (en) * | 1979-11-13 | 1981-07-14 | Rca Corporation | Method of detecting a cathodic corrosion site on a metallized substrate |
| US20030068824A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2003-04-10 | Gerald S. Frankel | Corrosion-sensing composition and method of use |
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| US3995157A (en) * | 1975-02-18 | 1976-11-30 | General Electric Company | Surface flaw detection |
| DE2804829C2 (en) * | 1978-02-04 | 1980-03-27 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Ag, 7990 Friedrichshafen | Process for the determination of imperfections reaching up to the surface of workpieces |
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2005
- 2005-05-07 GB GB0509358A patent/GB2425835B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-07 GB GB0705948A patent/GB2434447B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-05-03 WO PCT/GB2006/001626 patent/WO2006120389A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-05-03 EP EP06743874A patent/EP1886115A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4044253A (en) * | 1976-06-04 | 1977-08-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Non-destructive inspection of composite and adhesively bonded structures |
| US4278508A (en) * | 1979-11-13 | 1981-07-14 | Rca Corporation | Method of detecting a cathodic corrosion site on a metallized substrate |
| US20030068824A1 (en) * | 1999-12-21 | 2003-04-10 | Gerald S. Frankel | Corrosion-sensing composition and method of use |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| SIBI et al; Determination of corrosion on aluminium alloy under protective coatings using fluorescent probes; Progress in Organic coatings; 47; 2003; 8-15 * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008112023A1 (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2008-09-18 | Sensortran, Inc. | Systems and methods for detecting corrosion |
| WO2009126802A1 (en) * | 2008-04-09 | 2009-10-15 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Corrosion detection product and method |
| US8623653B2 (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2014-01-07 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Terahertz corrosion detection method |
| EP3156460A1 (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-19 | wertec GmbH | Corrosion-inhibiting composition based on an organic component for metal structure, in particular for prestressed steel |
| WO2017064094A1 (en) | 2015-10-13 | 2017-04-20 | Wertec Gmbh | Oil-, wax- or fat-based anti-corrosion composition for a metal structure, especially for pre-stressing steel |
| RU2686185C1 (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2019-04-24 | Вертек Гмбх | Agent based on oil, wax or fat for corrosion protection of metal structure, especially prestressed steel reinforcement |
| FR3074904A1 (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-14 | Psa Automobiles Sa | DETERMINING THE EXTENT OF CORROSION AREAS OF A METAL SAMPLE |
| DE102018132318A1 (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2020-06-18 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Vertreten Durch Den Bundesminister Für Wirtschaft Und Energie, Dieser Vertreten Durch Den Präsidenten Der Bundesanstalt Für Materialforschung Und -Prüfung (Bam) | Gel pad for quality inspection of aluminum surfaces |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2434447A (en) | 2007-07-25 |
| GB0509358D0 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
| GB2434447B (en) | 2007-10-24 |
| GB2425835B (en) | 2007-06-27 |
| EP1886115A1 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
| GB0705948D0 (en) | 2007-05-09 |
| WO2006120389A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20130507 |