GB2419425A - Mountant solution for a microscope - Google Patents
Mountant solution for a microscope Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2419425A GB2419425A GB0423182A GB0423182A GB2419425A GB 2419425 A GB2419425 A GB 2419425A GB 0423182 A GB0423182 A GB 0423182A GB 0423182 A GB0423182 A GB 0423182A GB 2419425 A GB2419425 A GB 2419425A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- microscope
- mountant
- refractive index
- poly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- -1 poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- JXTGICXCHWMCPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (methylsulfinyl)benzene Chemical compound CS(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JXTGICXCHWMCPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- ILVXOBCQQYKLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine N-oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]1=CC=CC=C1 ILVXOBCQQYKLDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical class OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical class CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GIIWGCBLYNDKBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline 1-oxide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2[N+]([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 GIIWGCBLYNDKBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- ATTZFSUZZUNHBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperonyl sulfoxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=C2OCOC2=C1 ATTZFSUZZUNHBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxophosphane Chemical compound P=O AUONHKJOIZSQGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000001204 N-oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 7
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 4
- CFZKDDTWZYUZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N picoline N-oxide Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=[N+]1[O-] CFZKDDTWZYUZKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CUSWDTBBCIXCRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-oxidoquinolin-1-ium;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1=CC=C2[N+]([O-])=CC=CC2=C1 CUSWDTBBCIXCRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIDGFHXPUOJZMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethyl-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=[N+]1[O-] LIDGFHXPUOJZMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IWYYIZOHWPCALJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-oxidopyridin-1-ium Chemical compound CC1=CC=[N+]([O-])C=C1 IWYYIZOHWPCALJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYZZKVRWGOWVGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol-phosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.OCC(O)CO XYZZKVRWGOWVGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000007975 buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- NHPPIJMARIVBGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-iodonaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(I)=CC=CC2=C1 NHPPIJMARIVBGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFDQLDNQZFOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzoyloxyethyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XFDQLDNQZFOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001082241 Lythrum hyssopifolia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010627 cedar oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004624 confocal microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000799 fluorescence microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012120 mounting media Substances 0.000 description 1
- MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxidophosphanium Chemical class [PH3]=O MPQXHAGKBWFSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/33—Immersion oils, or microscope systems or objectives for use with immersion fluids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B21/00—Microscopes
- G02B21/34—Microscope slides, e.g. mounting specimens on microscope slides
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Microscoopes, Condenser (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
A microscope has a microscope slide supporting a biological specimen mounted in a mountant solution. The same solution acts as an immersion oil between the slide and a lens of the microscope. The solution has a refractive index within 5% of that of the lens and the slide and optionally that of a cover slip. A liquid mountant solution comprises a water miscible polyol or polymer or a buffer solution, and sufficient water soluble additives to increase the refractive index of the solution to 1.50 - 1.75 measured at 22{C on the sodium D line.
Description
24 1 9425
MOUNTANT SOLUTIONS
The present invention relates to solutions which can be used both as immersion oils and as mountant solutions, i.e. solutions used for mounting biological specimens for viewing e.g. with a microscope.
Immersion oils are liquids having a refractive index which matches that of the glass used in the optics of a microscope and the cover slip which covers the specimen mounted on a microscope slide which is held on the microscope stage. When light travels between media, it is refracted at each interface and hence, during microscopy using a conventional transmission microscope, the light is refracted at the cover slip - air interface and at the air - microscope objective interface. For work requiring high resolution, an immersion oil is used between the lens of the microscope and the slide holding the specimen, so as to minimise refraction and hence distortion of the image. A similar situation obtains with fluorescence microscopy where the excitation light is channelled via the microscope optics so as to impinge upon the specimen and the emitted light travels back through the microscope optics. The growth of confocal microscopy where a three dimensional image of the specimen is built up is another technique where it is important to avoid distortion due to refraction. Another technique where it is important to eliminate refraction effects is multiphoton microscopy, which is becoming of increasing interest.
In the early days, immersion oils were natural oils such as cedar wood oil or halogenated aromatic compounds such as iodonaphthalene etc. More recently oils, which are halogen-free, have been introduced such as the Cargille range of oils and others which are marketed by microscope suppliers (Zeiss, Olympus etc.). All these oils have a property in common: they are water immiscible.
Even though an immersion oil may be used, refraction can also occur as light passes through the medium in which the specimen is mounted. The current range of immersion oils cannot be used as mounting media as they are water immiscible and hence do not wet the biological specimen.
Solutions commonly used as mountant solutions include aqueous solutions of polyols, such as glycerol, or aqueous solutions of polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol.
Often these solutions include buffers, such as phosphate buffered saline or trig-buffer, to achieve a desired pH value. l:Towever, these solutions have refractive indices which differ from those of the glass of which most microscope lens are made, and so refraction and distortion of the image are inevitable.
I have now discovered a range of solutions which can be used both as immersion oils and as mountant solutions.
Thus, in one aspect, the present invention consists in a microscope including a prepared microscope slide, where the microscope slide supports a biological specimen mounted in a mountant solution, the microscope having the same mountant solution between said slide and a lens of the microscope, the mountant solution having a refractive index within 5 /O of the refractive index of the lens and of the slide.
When a refractive index is referred to herein, it is always as measured at 22 C on the sodium D line, unless noted otherwise.
In a further aspect, the present invention consists in a liquid mountant solution comprising a water-miscible, preferably water-soluble, polyol or polymer or a buffer solution, and sufficient water-soluble additives to increase the refractive index of the solution to a value from 1.50 to 1. 75, measured at 22 C on the sodium D line.
In a further aspect, the present invention consists in a prepared microscope slide supporting a biological specimen mounted in a mountant solution of the present invention, and covered with a cover slip, the refractive index of the mountant solution being within 5%, more preferably within 3% and most preferably within 2%, of the refractive index of the cover slip.
In a still further aspect, the invention provides a microscope supporting a prepared microscope slide according to the present invention and having a mountant solution of the present invention between said slide and a lens of the microscope, the mountant solution having a refractive index within 5%, more preferably within 3% and most preferably within 2%, of the refractive index of the lens.
The mountant solution of the present invention, when it is intended for use for mounting biological specimens, is preferably hydrophilic.
The majority of glasses used in microscope lenses have a refractive index of about 1.52, most commonly about 1.515, and so the preferred solutions of the present invention have a refractive index close to this value, e.g. from 1.51 to 1.53. However, a wider range of values is possible, depending on the glass used, for example from 1.505 to 1.570.
Examples of polyols which may be employed in the present invention include: glycerol, ethoxylated pentaerythritol, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane. Examples of suitable water-miscible polymers include: polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly(hydroxyalkyl acrylates) [e.g. poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate)], polyacrylamides and poly[(diethylene glycol)pEthalate]diol.
Where the polyol or polymer is normally solid, it is dissolved in a suitable solvent, normally and preferably water.
The amount of the polyol and/or polymer employed will depend on the solution viscosity which it is desired to achieve. However, in general, an amount close to saturation is preferred.
Where a buffer is used, this is preferably buffered to a pH which is the most appropriate for the Ouorochrome used as the biological marker (usually between pH 7 and 10). One suitable buffer solution is a glycerolphosphate buffered saline solution, such as Citifluor AF1 solution or trig-buffer.
Additives which may be used to increase the refractive index of the solution of the present invention include methyl phenyl sulphoxide and pyridinc N-oxide. Both of these compounds are soluble in aqueous solutions of glycerol and of polyvinyl alcohol.
Other compounds which may be used include quinoline N-oxides, isoquinoline N oxides and phosphine oxides.
The refractive indices of various types of glass are shown in the following Table 1:
Table 1
Type of glass Refractive index on Na D line Zinc crown 1.517 High dispersion crown 1.520 Light flint 1.575 Heavy flint 1.650 Heaviest flint 1.890 The invention is further illustrated by the following non- limiting Examples.
EXAMPLE 1
Solutions based on methyl phenylsulphoxide and Glycerol The following solutions were prepared from methyl phenylsulphoxide plus glycerol only.
Sulphoxide | Glycerol l nD 2g. 0.4g 1.552 2g lg 1.538 2g 2.4g 1.521
EXAMPLE 2
Methyl Phenylsulphoxide plus Citifluor AF1 solution lg of methyl phenylsulphoxide plus 1.2g of Citifluor AF1 solution (a glycerolphosphate buffered saline solution containing antifadent) gave a solution having no= 1.515. The solution contained 5.45% water.
EXAMPLE 3
Methyl Phenvlsulphoxide plus Citifluor CFPVOH 2.5g of methyl phenylsulphoxide plus lg of Citifluor CFPVOH (an aqueous solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) gave a solution having no = 1.513. The solution contained 22.86% water.
An advantage of this solution is that on evaporation of water a solid film is formed.
EXAMPLE 4
Methyl Phenylsulphexide plus phosphate buffered saline solution 1.2g of methyl phenylsulphoxide plus 0.4g of phosphate buffered saline gave a solution having no of 1.505. The solution contained 25% water.
EXAMPLE 5
Methyl Phenylsulphoxide plus aqueous poly(vinyl pYrrolidone) solution I g of methyl phenylsulphoxide plus 0.4g poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) solution gave a solution having no = 1.514. The solution contained 22.86% water.
EXAMPLE 6
Methyl phenylsulphoxide/Polyethylene aIycol dibenzoate/lycerol/triethylene eIycol A quaternary mixture of lg of methyl phenylsulphoxide plus 0.5g polyethylene glycol dibenzoate plus 0. 8g glycerol plus 0.2g triethylcne glycol gave a solution having nD = 1. 517. this solution contained no water.
EXAMPLE 7
Pyridine N-oxide plus glycerol | PyridineN-oxideGlycerol l no lg0.5g 1 1.555
__
lg1.5g 1.5225 lg1.8g 1.518 All of these solutions contain no water. For the most common lens glasses, the solution to be used would be that containing I g of Pyridine N-oxide and 1.8g of glycerol.
EXAMPLE 8
Pyridine N-oxide plus Citifluor AF1 solution | Pyridine N-oxide | AFI solution l no lg 1 1.2g 1 1.525 Ig 1.55g 1.515 For the most common lens glasses, the solution to be used would be that containing lg Pyridine N-oxide plus 1.55g AF1 solution. This solution contains 6.08% water.
EXAMPLE 9
Pvridine N-oxide plus aqueous phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution Pyridine N-oxide PBS solution n,, Ig O.g 1.53 lg 0.4g 1.518 For the most common lens glasses, the solution to be used would be that containing lg pyridine N-oxide plus 0.4g PBS solution. This solution contains 28.57% water.
EXAMPLE 10
Pyridine N-oxide plus CFPVOH [aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solution! I g of the N-oxide plus 0.35g of CFPVOH had an nD of 1.517 and contained 20.74% water.
EXAMPLE 11
Pvridine N-oxide plus PVP [aqueous poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) solution! lg pyridine N-oxide plus 0.5g PVP solution had an no of 1.5134 and contained 26.67% water
EXAMPLE 12
Poly(ethvlene alycol) dibenzoate (PEG dibenzoate) plus ethoxylated pentaervthritol (PP 150) 5.6g of PEG dibenzoate plus 1.5g PP150 had an nD of 1.515.
EXAMPLE 13
PEG dibenzoate plus ethoxylated trimethvlolpropane (TP 70) 5.6g of PEG dibenzoate plus 1.5g TP70 had an nook 1.5125.
EXAMPI,E 14 PEG dibenzoate plus ethoxvlated pentaerythritol (TP 200) 5.6g of PEG dibenzoate plus 1.5g TP200 had an nD of 1.5135.
EXAMPLE 15
PEG dibenzoate plus triethvlene alycol 5.6g of PEG dibenzoate plus I.5g triethylene glycol had an nD of 1.5105.
EXAMPLE 16
-
Poly[(diethylene alycol)phthalateldiol plus PEG dibenzoate plus triethylene alvcol 4.29g of the polyester plus 2.23g PEG dibenzoate plus lg triethylene glycol had annDofl.517.
EXAMPLE 17
Quinoline N-oxide (hydrate) plus elycerol quinoline N-oxide glycerol nD lg Ig 1.5385 Ig 1.56g 1.5235 Ig 1.81g 1.5190
EXAMPLE 18
Quinoline N-oxide (hydrate) plus AF1 solution lg quinoline N-oxide plus 1. 55g AFI gave an nD 1.5170 and contained 6.1% water.
EXAMPLE 19
4-Picoline N-oxide plus elycerol Ig N-oxide plus 1.46g glycerol gave an nD 1.5215.
EXAMPLE 20
4-Picoline N-oxide plus AF1 solution lg N-oxide plus 1.39g AFI solution gave an nD 1.5185 and contained6.03% water.
EXAMPLE 21
2-Picoline N-oxide plus Glycerol
_
2-Picoline N-oxide Glycerol no lg 1.5310 lg 1.4g 1.5200
EXAMPLE 22
2-Picoline N-oxide plus AF1 2-Picoline N-oxide AF1 nD lg lg 1.5250
_
g 1.25g 1.5190 For the most common lens glasses, the solution to be used would be that containing lg picoline N-oxide plus 1.25g AFT. This solution contains 6.03% water.
EXAMPLE 23
2,6-Lutidine N-oxide plus Glycerol 2,6-Lutidine N-oxide Glycerol no, Ig lg 1.5230 lg 1.33g 1.5150
EXAMPLE 24
2,6-Lutidine N-oxide plus AF1 Ig N-oxide pluslg AF1 gave no 1.5165 and contained 6.03% water.
Claims (20)
- CLAIMS: 1. A microscope including a prepared microscope slide, where themicroscope slide supports a biological specimen mounted in a mountant solution, the microscope having the same mountant solution between said slide and a lens of the microscope, the mountant solution having a refractive index within 5% of the refractive index of the lens and of the slide.
- 2. A microscope according to Claim 1, in which the mountant solution is hydrophilic.
- 3. A microscope according to Claim 2, where the mountant solution comprises a water- miscible polyol or polymer.
- 4. A microscope according to Claim 3, in which the polyol is glycerol, ethoxylated pentaerythritol, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane.
- 5. A microscope according to Claim 3, in which the water-miscible polymer is polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly(hydroxyalkyl acrylates), poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate), a polyacrylamide or poly[(diethylene glycol)phthalate]diol.
- 6. A microscope according to any one of Claims 3 to 5, in which said polyol or polymer is solid and employed in the form of a solution.
- 7. A microscope according to Claim 6, in which the solution is a solution in water.
- 8. A microscope according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, where the mountant solution comprises a buffer solution.
- 9. A microscope according to Claim 8, in which the buffer solution is a saline- containing buffer solution.
- 10. A microscope according to any one ol the preceding Claims, in which the slide and lens each has a refractive index in the range from 1.51 to 1.53.
- 11. A microscope according to any one of the preceding Claims, in which the mountant solution has a refractive index in the range from 1.51 to 1. 53.
- 12. A microscope according to any one o f the preceding Claims, in which the mountant solution includes an additive selected from methyl phcnyl sulphoxide, pyridine N-oxide, a quinoline N-oxide, an isoquinoline Noxide or a phosphine oxide.
- 13. A liquid mountant solution comprising a water-miscible polyol or polymer or a buffer solution, and sufficient water-soluble additives to increase the refractive index of the solution to a value from 1.50 to 1. 75, measured at 22 C on the sodium D line.
- 14. A mountant solution according to Claim 13, in which the polyol is glycerol, ethoxylated pentaerythritol, ethoxylated trimethylolpropane, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol or trimethylolpropane.
- 15. A mountant solution according to Claim 13, in which the watermiscible polymer is polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly(hydroxyalkyl acrylates), poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate), a polyacrylamide or poly[(diethylene glycol)phthalate]diol.
- 16. A mountant solution according to any one of Claims 13 to 15, in which said polyol or polymer is solid and employed in the form of a solution.
- 17. A mountant solution according to Claim l 6, in which the solution is a solution in water.
- 18. A mountant solution according to any one of Claims 13 to 17, additionally comprising an additive selected from methyl phenyl sulphoxide, pyridine N-oxide, a quinoline N-oxide, an isoquinoline Noxide or a phosphine oxide.
- 19. A prepared microscope slide supporting a biological specimen mounted in a mountant solution according to any one of Claims 13 to 18, and covered with a cover slip, the refractive index of the mountant solution being within 5% of the refractive index of the cover slip.
- 20. A microscope supporting a prepared microscope slide according to Claim 19, and having a mountant solution according to any one of Claims 13 to 18 between said slide and a lens of the microscope, the mountant solution having a refractive index within 5% of the refractive index of the lens.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0423182A GB2419425A (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2004-10-19 | Mountant solution for a microscope |
| GB0521095A GB2419427B (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2005-10-17 | Mountant solutions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0423182A GB2419425A (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2004-10-19 | Mountant solution for a microscope |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0423182D0 GB0423182D0 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
| GB2419425A true GB2419425A (en) | 2006-04-26 |
Family
ID=33484800
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0423182A Withdrawn GB2419425A (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2004-10-19 | Mountant solution for a microscope |
| GB0521095A Active GB2419427B (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2005-10-17 | Mountant solutions |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0521095A Active GB2419427B (en) | 2004-10-19 | 2005-10-17 | Mountant solutions |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB2419425A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019051466A1 (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2019-03-14 | Life Technologies Corporation | Refractive index matching formulations |
| WO2020153463A1 (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2020-07-30 | 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 | Microscope immersion liquid and method for observing sample by employing immersion liquid |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102014002744A1 (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-08-27 | Carl Zeiss Microscopy Gmbh | Immersion medium and its arrangement in an optical system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0118634A1 (en) * | 1983-03-15 | 1984-09-19 | Robert Stephen Davidson | Mountant solution |
| US5406421A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1995-04-11 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Cover slip for use in microscope |
-
2004
- 2004-10-19 GB GB0423182A patent/GB2419425A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2005
- 2005-10-17 GB GB0521095A patent/GB2419427B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0118634A1 (en) * | 1983-03-15 | 1984-09-19 | Robert Stephen Davidson | Mountant solution |
| US5406421A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1995-04-11 | Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. | Cover slip for use in microscope |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019051466A1 (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2019-03-14 | Life Technologies Corporation | Refractive index matching formulations |
| JP2020533652A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2020-11-19 | ライフ テクノロジーズ コーポレイション | Refractive index matching preparation |
| AU2018328819B2 (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2023-09-14 | Life Technologies Corporation | Refractive index matching formulations |
| US11988585B2 (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2024-05-21 | Life Technologies Corporation | Refractive index matching formulations |
| WO2020153463A1 (en) * | 2019-01-24 | 2020-07-30 | 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 | Microscope immersion liquid and method for observing sample by employing immersion liquid |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0521095D0 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
| GB0423182D0 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
| GB2419427A (en) | 2006-04-26 |
| GB2419427B (en) | 2008-02-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Bahlmann et al. | 4Pi-confocal microscopy of live cells | |
| US20240272049A1 (en) | Refractive index matching formulations | |
| GB2419427A (en) | Mountant solution for a microscope | |
| US4465621A (en) | Immersion oil for microscopy and related applications | |
| JP2017215546A (en) | Confocal microscope | |
| Cox | Fundamentals of fluorescence imaging | |
| Goodwin | A primer on the fundamental principles of light microscopy: Optimizing magnification, resolution, and contrast | |
| US4526711A (en) | High refractive index fluid and melt mounting media | |
| Van Munster et al. | Combination of a spinning disc confocal unit with frequency‐domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy | |
| Martini et al. | A new high‐aperture glycerol immersion objective lens and its application to 3D‐fluorescence microscopy | |
| US4559147A (en) | Optical immersion oil | |
| Bhawalkar et al. | Two‐photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy‐from a fluorophore and specimen perspective | |
| JP2018128580A (en) | Illumination device and microscope device | |
| Bhawalkar et al. | Nondestructive evaluation of polymeric paints and coatings using two-photon laser scanning confocal microscopy | |
| Thomason et al. | Evaluation of polyvinyl alcohols as semipermanent mountants for fluorescent-antibody studies | |
| Saify et al. | Mounting Media-An Untouched Aspect. | |
| Botcherby et al. | Real-time slit scanning microscopy in the meridional plane | |
| Boyde | Combining confocal and conventional modes in tandem scanning reflected light microscopy | |
| Toomre | Cellular imaging using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy: Theory and instrumentation | |
| Aziz et al. | Confocal microscopy via a fiber optic imaging bundle | |
| JP2004258662A (en) | Immersion liquid for immersion microscopy | |
| US4587042A (en) | Immersion oil system | |
| Benham | Practical aspects of objective lens selection for confocal and multiphoton digital imaging techniques | |
| JP2845287B2 (en) | Immersion oil for microscope | |
| Weng et al. | Optimizing the performance of multiline-scanning confocal microscopy |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |