GB2413307A - Method of manufacturing a sign using vapour deposition. - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing a sign using vapour deposition. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2413307A GB2413307A GB0408979A GB0408979A GB2413307A GB 2413307 A GB2413307 A GB 2413307A GB 0408979 A GB0408979 A GB 0408979A GB 0408979 A GB0408979 A GB 0408979A GB 2413307 A GB2413307 A GB 2413307A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sign
- manufacturing
- coating
- indicia
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002320 enamel (paints) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000873 masking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane;methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1.C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)(C)CN1C=NC=N1 VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000866 electrolytic etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000019612 pigmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
- B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
- B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
- B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
- B44C5/0446—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers bearing graphical information
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F7/00—Signs, name or number plates, letters, numerals, or symbols; Panels or boards
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F7/00—Signs, name or number plates, letters, numerals, or symbols; Panels or boards
- G09F7/16—Letters, numerals, or other symbols adapted for permanent fixing to a support
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A method of manufacturing a sign 10 comprises the steps of providing depressions and/or projections created by engraving, etching, sandblasting, etc, which define a desired indicia 12 on the surface of a sign plate 11, then coating the sign plate 11 and formed indicia with a protective coating, for example, titanium nitride, and subsequently highlighting the indicia by applying a contrasting colouring to at least a part of the coated substrate. The protective coating is applied using a vapour deposition process, eg PVD, such as sputtering or cathodic arc. The colouring is a cellulose enamel paint 18 and is applied by hand or by spraying using a mask a mask.
Description
24 1 3307 Title: Method of Manufacturing a Sign The present invention
relates to a method of manufacturing a sign.
Traditionally, business signs and signs of the type used for commemorative plaques, for example, on gravestones, are made from brass, which is cut to size by a sign engraver and subsequently engraved with lettering. The lettering is sometimes highlighted with a contrasting paint.
Although such brass signs purvey a feeling of quality, they quickly tarnish, particularly when positioned outdoors, and must be cleaned regularly to maintain their lustre, which can be costly. Regular cleaning can also have the effect of wearing away the paint applied for highlighting, and there is a risk of contaminating the area around the sign with cleaning fluids. Such contamination can be unsightly, particularly where the sign is displayed, for example, on natural stone or brick.
It is already known to coat a sign with a protective coating, for example, a coating of titanium nitride. This coating is extremely durable and hard, and does not require regular cleaning to maintain its lustre.
Sign engravers typically obtain their sign material in quantity and purchase large sheets of material, for example, sheets of brass plate, either un-coated or pre-coated with the hard-wearing protective coating. When an order for a sign is taken, the material is cut into a desired size and shape of plate and engraved with desired indicia. Apertures may be drilled in the plate for fixing and the indicia may be highlighted by colouring with a contrasting paint, usually black.
There are several disadvantages associated with this method of manufacturing signs.
Firstly, titanium nitride coating in particular, is extremely hard and it is therefore necessary to use a fine tool for the engraving, for example, a diamond tool, in order to cut through the coating. This has the result that the engraved surface is not smooth, but rough, having visible rows of furrows where the tip of the tool has moved back and forth.
Secondly, the resolution of the engraving is poor, because the cut edges of the coating chip with the action of the cutting tool. Thirdly, the protective coating is perforated by the cutting tool, at any drilled holes and around the edge of the plate. These unprotected surfaces famish, and spoil the look of the plaque or sign. Finally, the protective coating is weakened by cutting through it and in time the coating may lift off, or be otherwise damaged, for example, by frost.
It is an object of the invention to overcome or substantially reduce these disadvantages, by providing a new method of manufacturing a sign.
According to the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a sign displaying sign indicia comprising the steps of providing depressions and/or projections defining the indicia on a surface of a sign substrate, applying a contiguous protective metallic coating to the indicia and the surrounding surface of the substrate by a vapour deposition process, and subsequently applying a contrasting pigment to at least a part of the coating to highlight the indicia against the surrounding area.
The coating preferably has a hardness of between HVo 21200 and HVo 2 3000.
It is an advantage of the invention that the indicia are provided on the sign substrate prior to coating, so that all of the exposed surfaces of the substrate are protected and it is not necessary to cut through the hard protective coating. This means that indicia- forming methods, such as engraving, etching or sandblasting can be utilised, without the need for a hardened tool or diamond tipped tool. Hence, the resolution of the forming of the indicia is improved.
The thickness of the applied pigment may vary between different regions of the sign.
It is a further unexpected advantage of the invention, that where the pigment is applied thinly, it can appear translucent allowing the high lustre of the coating to be partially visible. This enables visually, oleasing pigmentation patterns to be created on the indicia.
The metallic coating may be a metal, a metal nitride, a metal carbide or a metal carbonitride.
The metallic coating may be chromium, zirconium, tantalum, titanium, tungsten, or a nitride, a carbide or a carbonitride of one of said metals.
Preferably the metallic coating is titanium nitride.
It is an advantage of titanium nitride that it has a gold colour, similar to that of a highly polished brass.
Titanium nitride may also be combined with other elements to produce coatings having different colours and/or shades.
Alternatively, the preferred metallic coating is chromium nitride.
It is an advantage of chromium nitride that it has a silver colour.
The vapour deposition process is preferably a physical vapour deposition (PVD) process. By "vapour deposition" we mean in particular a deposition process in which a coating is deposited on a substrate from the vapour phase. By "physical vapour deposition" we mean in particular a deposition process in which a coating is deposited on a substrate from the vapour phase, the material of the coating having been evaporated from a solid form. Particular examples of physical vapour deposition, which may be utilised include Sputtering and Cathodic Arc.
The process of sputtering, often referred to as magnetron sputtering involves applying a magnetic field over a sputtering target (the material to be used in coating).
Accelerated ions are used to eject particles off the target material from a cathode towards a substrate to be coated, which is positioned in front of the target. The particles that strike the substrate condense to form an adherent coating.
Cathodic arc coating involves using a vacuum arc to evaporate material from a cathode in order to produce a stream of highly active and excited coating material. A typical coating apparatus consists of a vacuum chamber and a number of arc evaporation sources (the material used for coating), which are arranged in walls of the chamber.
The substrate to be coated is mounted on a fixture, which enables it to be manipulated inside the vacuum chamber to give uniform coating.
Preferably the PVD process is a cathodic arc process.
The coating may be between 1 and 8,um thick.
Preferably the coating is between 1 and 3 Am thick. The coating is preferably of uniform thickness.
Prior to coating of the sign substrate, the substrate may be cleaned to facilitate good adhesion of the coating.
The forming of the indicia is preferably by engraving. Alternatively, the forming of the indicia is by etching, for example, by acid etching, electro etching or by masking and sandblasting.
Preferably the pigment is applied by hand, but may also be applied by spraying, for example, using a mask.
The pigment preferably covers the whole of the indicia and terminates at a crisp line at the boundary of the indicia and the surrounding area.
The pigment may be a paint.
Preferably the pigment is a cellulose enamel paint.
The substrate may be made from plastics, preferably polycarbonate.
An advantage of using plastics is that the weight of the sign is low compared with a similar sized sign made from metal. This enables cheaper delivery of the sign, particularly by post. Furthermore, when coated, polycarbonate takes on the metalized appearance of the coating, for example, if titanium nitride is used, the polycarbonate takes on the appearance of polished brass.
Alternatively, the substrate may be made from metal, for example, stainless steel or brass.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which; Fig 1 shows a schematic perspective view of a sign, and Fig 2 shows a schematic cross section through part of a sign.
Referring firstly to Fig 1, an example of a sign is indicated generally at 10. The sign 10 is comprised of a sign substrate or plate 11, an area of engraved indicia 12 on the surface of the sign plate 1 1, a pair of fixing holes 14 and a peripheral edge 16. The sign 10 can be manufactured from brass, stainless steel, plastics, for example polycarbonate, or any other suitable material.
When an order for a sign is taken, firstly a sign plate is cut to size and shape from a sheet of un-coated material. Then the indicia 12, as desired, are provided on the surface of the sign plate, for example, by engraving, acid etching or electro etching, or by masking and sand blasting. Alternatively, the indicia may be created by pressing or in the case of a plastics sign, by moulding. After the desired indicia have been provided on the surface of the sign plate 11, a hardwearing protective coating is applied.
The protective coating is preferably titanium nitride (TIN) and is applied to a thickness of between one and three microns, by physical vapour deposition (PVD). There are two principle methods of PVD coating, namely sputtering and cathodic arc, both of which are known in the art and are described above.
Sputtering is generally used to process large quantities of material at a time, and although it would be possible to use the process to apply a protective coating to a sign plate, it would generally be considered uneconomic.
The process of cathodic arc coating is the preferred method of coating of the invention, because it enables a greater variety of effects and finishes to be achieved, whilst still being economic. Ideally-several signs are coated at the same time, depending on their size.
Once the sign plate 11 has been coated, the indicia 12 is highlighted with a contrasting colouring, which is applied to the whole or a part of the cut or engraved area. Signs which are intended to have a traditional appearance are typically highlighted with a cellulose enamel paint. The paint can be applied either by hand or is sprayed using a mask, which conveniently can be the original mask used for etching, if etching was the cutting method used. In particular, when the indicia is lettering, care should be taken to ensure that the edge of the paint terminates in a crisp line at the boundary of the lettering and the surrounding area, thereby enhancing the appearance of the lettering and sign.
When the paint is applied, its thickness tends to vary with the depth of the cutting or engraving. Referring now to Fig. 2, a cross-section through part of a sign plate 11 is shown, and the thickness of paint 18 can be seen to increase towards the centre of the cut indicia 12, where the cutting is deepest. Due to the high reflectivity and lustre of the coating, the paint can appear translucent where it is thin at the edge of the indicia, allowing the high lustre of the coating to be partially visible. This creates a variation in tone or intensity of the colour, which can be used to generate patterns, if desired, by varying the depth of the cutting. This is particularly desirable for accurately reproducing company logos, emblems and coats of arms or the like.
It is a particular advantage of the invention, that the coating can be applied to plastics, and in particular to polycarbonate. When coated with titanium nitride, polycarbonate takes on the appearance of polished brass. The resulting sign is extremely durable and lightweight. This is of particular benefit when despatching signs in the post, because the cost of posting is reduced compared with the cost of posting metal signs, which are significantly heavier.
It will be appreciated that any cutting or drilling of the sign should be carried out prior to application of the protective coating, in order to prevent un-coated parts of the sign being exposed to the atmosphere. Due to their high resistance to weathering, the signs are particularly suited for marine applications, and where weight is a consideration, again the polycarbonate coated signs are particularly advantageous.
The signs are also resistant to attack by vandals.
Claims (27)
1. A method of manufacturing a sign displaying sign indicia comprising the steps of providing depressions and/or projections defining the indicia on a surface of a sign substrate, applying a contiguous protective metallic coating to the indicia and the surrounding surface of the substrate by a vapour deposition process, and subsequently applying a contrasting pigment to at least a part of the coating to highlight the indicia against the surrounding area.
2. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in claim 1 in which the coating has a hardness of between Hvo 21200 and HVo 2 3000
3. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2 in which the thickness of the applied pigment varies between different regions of the 1 5 sign.
4. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any preceding claim in which the metallic coating is a metal, a metal nitride, a metal carbide or a metal carbonitride.
5. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in claim 4 in which the metal of the protective coating is one of chromium, zirconium, tantalum, titanium or tungsten.
6. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 in which the metallic coating is titanium nitride.
7. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 in which the metallic coating is chromium nitride.
8. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any preceding claim in which the vapour deposition process is physical vapour deposition (PVD).
9. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in claim 8 in which the PVD process is either a sputtering or cathodic arc process.
10. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any preceding claim in which the coating is between 1 and 8 1lm thick.
11. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any preceding claim in which the coating is between 1 and 3 sum thick.
12. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any preceding claim in which the coating is of uniform thickness.
13. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any preceding claim in which prior to coating the sign substrate, the substrate is cleaned.
14. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any preceding claim in which the indicia are formed by engraving.
15. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13 in which the indicia are formed by etching or by masking and sandblasting.
16. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any preceding claim in which the pigment is applied by hand.
17. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15 in which the pigment is applied by spraying.
18. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any preceding claim in which the pigment covers the whole of the indicia and terminates at a crisp line at the boundary of the indicia and the surrounding area.
19. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any preceding claim in which the pigment is paint.
20. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any preceding claim in which the pigment is a cellulose enamel paint.
21. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any preceding claim in which the substrate is made from plastics.
22. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any preceding claim in which the substrate is made from polycarbonate.
23. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20 in which the sign substrate is made from metal.
24. A method of manufacturing a sign as claimed in claim 23 in which the sign substrate is made from brass or stainless steel.
25. A sign, when manufactured using the method of any preceding claim.
26. A method of manufacturing a sign substantially as described herein with reference to and as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying 1 5 drawings.
27. A sign, when manufactured using the method substantially as described herein with reference to and as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0408979A GB2413307B (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2004-04-22 | Method of manufacturing a sign |
| PCT/GB2005/001530 WO2005102734A2 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2005-04-22 | Method of manufacturing a sign displaying sign indicia |
| EP05753187A EP1765605B1 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2005-04-22 | Method of manufacturing a sign displaying sign indicia |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0408979A GB2413307B (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2004-04-22 | Method of manufacturing a sign |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0408979D0 GB0408979D0 (en) | 2004-05-26 |
| GB2413307A true GB2413307A (en) | 2005-10-26 |
| GB2413307B GB2413307B (en) | 2006-04-19 |
Family
ID=32344212
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0408979A Expired - Lifetime GB2413307B (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2004-04-22 | Method of manufacturing a sign |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1765605B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2413307B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2005102734A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1402857B1 (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2013-09-27 | Daejin Dsp Co Ltd | DECORATIVE LAMINATE SHEET IN STAINLESS STEEL WITH EMBOSSED DRAWING AND ITS MANUFACTURING PROCESS |
| CN108973491A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-12-11 | 模德模具(东莞)有限公司 | Die surface can anti-sandblasting laser engraving technique |
| CN110923629A (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2020-03-27 | 宁波鑫星汽车部件有限公司 | Titanium nitride plating process for automobile label |
| CN114120802A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-03-01 | 上海灿玥实业有限公司 | Method for making sign |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4393120A (en) * | 1980-09-26 | 1983-07-12 | Yuken Industry Co., Ltd. | Plastic coated with golden evaporated film |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB350085A (en) * | 1930-03-21 | 1931-06-11 | David Albert Victor Rist | Improvements in the manufacture of metal number plates, name plates, signs and the like |
| JP2586095B2 (en) * | 1988-04-14 | 1997-02-26 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | Thin precious metal composite board |
| DE4136641C2 (en) * | 1991-11-07 | 1996-03-14 | Franz Bichler | Method of making signs |
| US5779919A (en) * | 1996-01-11 | 1998-07-14 | New York Sign Systems, Inc. | Porcelain enamel sign and method of manufacture |
| DE19652242A1 (en) * | 1996-12-16 | 1998-06-18 | Basf Ag | Use of hydride-containing aluminum oxide to create optically recognizable markings and inscriptions |
| JPH1165456A (en) * | 1997-08-21 | 1999-03-05 | Toyo Bureejingu Kogyo Kk | Display tool |
| JP2001075484A (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2001-03-23 | Yagai Tekkosho:Kk | Display tactile perception plate and escape guide plate for both of sight handicapped person and sighted person |
-
2004
- 2004-04-22 GB GB0408979A patent/GB2413307B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-04-22 EP EP05753187A patent/EP1765605B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-04-22 WO PCT/GB2005/001530 patent/WO2005102734A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4393120A (en) * | 1980-09-26 | 1983-07-12 | Yuken Industry Co., Ltd. | Plastic coated with golden evaporated film |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1765605A2 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
| WO2005102734A2 (en) | 2005-11-03 |
| GB0408979D0 (en) | 2004-05-26 |
| WO2005102734A3 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
| EP1765605B1 (en) | 2012-06-13 |
| GB2413307B (en) | 2006-04-19 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 746 | Register noted 'licences of right' (sect. 46/1977) |
Effective date: 20100917 |
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Expiry date: 20240421 |