GB2413126A - Lightweight concrete composition based on expanded clay and sintered fly ash - Google Patents
Lightweight concrete composition based on expanded clay and sintered fly ash Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2413126A GB2413126A GB0408216A GB0408216A GB2413126A GB 2413126 A GB2413126 A GB 2413126A GB 0408216 A GB0408216 A GB 0408216A GB 0408216 A GB0408216 A GB 0408216A GB 2413126 A GB2413126 A GB 2413126A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- fly ash
- optiroc
- lytag
- expanded clay
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/52—Sound-insulating materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/70—Grouts, e.g. injection mixtures for cables for prestressed concrete
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
A concrete mixture comprises cement, fly ash, expanded clay and water. A particularly preferred mixture comprises 12 to 32 wt % fly ash, 19 to 39 wt % expanded clay, 3 to 23 wt % sand, 9 to 29 wt % cement, 0 to 13 wt % silica fume, 0 to 16 wt % pulverised-fuel ash, 0 to 10 wt % plasticiser and 0 to 18 wt % water. The composition is especially suited to making fence posts and other building elements. The use of expanded and lightweight aggregates reduces the weight of the concrete. Using this composition it is possible to manufacture a fence post of standard dimensions that weighs less than the recommended manual handling limit of 25 kg. Despite its lightweight, the composition has relatively high flexural strength.
Description
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONCRETE COMPOSITIONS
The present invention relates to improvements in concrete compositions and, in particular, to compositions especially suited to making fence posts. The compositions of the present invention are also suited to making fencing panels, "roughing products e.g. cable protection units, cable covers, lintels, drainage inspection chambers, herbs, cladding units, columns, beams, flooring products, acoustic barriers, pier caps for posts, stairs, garages, street furniture, prefabricated buildings, revetment systems, grassblocks, flagstones and agricultural products.
Concrete fence posts are superior to their timber counterparts since they are not subject to wet rot at ground level. The superiority of concrete fence posts has led to the development of a number of concrete compositions suitable for use as fence posts. However, fence posts made from such concrete compositions suffer the serious disadvantage of a much greater weight so that, for the longer posts particularly, it is necessary for a person to employ lifting tackle equipment or for more than one person to carry out the installation if they are to be installed successfully. In the art at present, the most commonly used fence posts are 2.36 or 2.40 metres high. They vary in weight, depending on the dimensions, but are most commonly between 44 kg and 56 kg. It is generally accepted in the field of manual labour, for reasons of health and safety, that a person should not lift more than 25 kg unassisted.
Thus it is most often the case that a specialist contractor has to be engaged to supply and install concrete fence posts. The installation of such fence posts cannot be said to come truly within the domain of 'do-ityourself).
Another problem caused by the high weight of such concrete fence posts is the high cost of their transportation. This means that manufacture and supply on a national basis is expensive, and there is therefore a <remand for lighter fence posts which would reduce the high transportation costs particularly associated with supply to non-local areas.
It has therefore become a goal in the field to design fence posts 2.36 or 2.40 metros high which weigh 25kg or less, so that the aforementioned problems regarding installation and transportation can be overcome. There are indeed several products currently on the market which reach this weight requirement, but unfortunately suffer from various other drawbacks. The majority of such products employ plastic which, in many areas, does not perform as well as concrete. For example, plastic products suffer from embrittlement following prolonged exposure to the air and sunlight.
A concrete-type product, known as 'Feathercrete', disclosed in UK patent GB2266886B, is based on concrete and achieves a significant weight reduction over prior fence posts. it consists of a cement-based composition in which the coarse and fine aggregates in conventional concrete are replaced by a low density mineral of particle size suitable for its intended use, together with other additives to ensure the finished castings possess adequate flexural strength. Use of 'Feathercrete' reduces the density of a fence post, but concomitantly reduces its compressive strength. The consequence of this is that the post is easily damaged in handling. The high cement content of the composition also makes the product expensive. The increased cost of the product may outweigh any savings in transportation costs achieved through the reduction in weight.
Thus, there still remains a need for a lightweight concrete fence post which has improved compressive strength, and yet remains inexpensive.
According to the present invention there is provided a composition comprising cement, fly ash, expanded clay and water.
Preferably the fly ash is sintercd fly ash.
Preferably the cement comprises 1 to 40% by weight of the composition, more preferably 9 to 29%.
Preferably the fly ash comprises 1 to 40% by weight of the composition, more preferably 12 to 32%.
Preferably the expanded clay comprises 10 to 50% by weight of the composition, more preferably 19 to 39%.
Preferably the water comprises 1 to 30% by weight of the composition, more preferably 4 to 18%.
Preferably the composition also comprises sand. Preferably the sand is silica sand, and preferably M grade sand, which is a well known concreting sand.
Preferably the composition also comprises silica fume. The silica fume can be used in powder form, or alternatively pre-mixed with the water and then added to the mixture.
Microsilica is an example of silica fume.
Preferably the composition also comprises pulverised-fuel ash.
Preferably the composition also comprises an admixture to decrease the volume of fine aggregate. Preferably the admixture to decrease the volume of fine aggregate decreases cementitious fines. Preferably the admixture to decrease the volume of fine aggregate is a super plasticizer water reducing polycarboxylate based admixture. This component enables the volume of water in the composition to be reduced, thereby allowing the volume of fine aggregate to be reduced without the resultant concrete losing strength. 'Fine aggregate' is defined herein as material comprising pieces with a largest dimension of between 0 and 5 mm. Fosroc Structuro 280 may be used as the admixture.
Fosroc Structuro 280 is commercially available from Fosroc Limited. It is a polycarboxylate polymer superplasticizer/high range water reducer. It is a colourless/light yellow opaque liquid with a specific gravity of 1. 07 kgl-' at 20 C with a pH of 6.5 at 10%.
Further information concerning Fosroc Structuro 280 is available on the information sheets from Fosroc Limited.
The composition may also comprise an admixture to decrease the amount of water absorbed by the concrete. Preferably this component blocks the pores of the composition in order to minimise water transmission. Fosroc Hydromax may be used as the admixture to decrease the amount of water absorbed by the concrete. It is commercially available from Fosroc Limited and is used in liquid horns. It is based on a blend of fatty acid salts, organic plasticizing agents and hydrophobic materials. It is a white chloride-free liquid with a typical specific gravity of 1.05 at 20 C. It provides insoluble pore blocking compounds which act to reduce water transmission through the hardened concrete. The percentage of Hydromax used is typically between 0.5 and 1% by weight of the amount of cement.
In a preferred embodiment there is provided a composition containing the following components in the following weight percentages: sintered fly ash 12 to 32%, expanded clay 19 to 39%, sand 3 to 23%, cement 9 to 29%, silica fume 0 to 13%, pulverised-fuel ash 0 to 16%, admixture to decrease the volume of fine aggregate 0 to 3%, water 3 to 18%.
The components must be present in quantities such that percentages add up to a total of 1 00%.
The composition may also comprise an admixture to decrease the amount of water absorbed by the concrete. Preferably this component blocks the pores of the composition in order to minimise water transmission. Fosroc Hydromax may be used as the admixture to decrease the amount of water absorbed by the concrete.
Preferably the sintercd fly ash is Lytag. More preferably the sintered fly ash is at least one of Lytag4-6mm, Lytag 10mm, Lytag 12mm, Lytag 14mm.
Preferably the expanded clay is Optiroc LWA or Optiroc sand. Preferably the expanded clay is at least one of Optiroc LWA 14 mm, Optiroc LWA 4-1 Omm, Optiroc LWA 0-5mm and Optiroc sand.
Preferably the sintered fly ash is Lytag and the expanded clay is Optiroc LWA or Optiroc sand.
Lytag is a type of sintered fly ash which is a waste product of coal burning in power stations and has a typical dry loose bulk density of between 700 kgm3 and 900 kgm3; it has been used in structural concrete for many years. Lytag and further information concerning the product may be obtained from LYTAG Ltd. which is part of the RMC Group.
Optiroc sand is an expanded clay that has a density of between 400 kgm3 and 500 kgm3.
Optiroc LWA is a granular material made from clay, which is expanded at high temperature in a rotary kiln. Each granule has a hard ceramic shell that surrounds a honeycomb core. It is manufactured by selecting and preparing natural clays using methods well known in the art. This is followed by the controlled loading of the clay into a rotary kiln. Then carefully controlled drying, expanding and firing phases at temperatures of I 1 50 C in a kiln take place. The aggregate is then sieved and blended into grades. During the process the combustion gases are treated using scrubbers and the emissions are returned to the process. Optiroc LWA is commercially available from the Optiroc Group.
Pulverised-fuel ash, Lytag, Optiroc LWA, silica fume and Fosroc Structuro 280 are well known in the art.
Preferably the composition contains the following components in the following by weight percentages: sintered fly ash 22%, expanded clay 29%, sand 13%, cement 1 9%, silica fume 3%, pulverised-fuel ash 6%, admixture to decrease the volume of fine aggrregate 0.2%, water 7.8%.
Each of these values can vary up or down independently by 9%, preferably by 8%, more preferably by 7%, more preferably by 6%, more preferably by 5%, more preferably by 4%, more preferably by 3%, more preferably by 2%, more preferably by 1%.
The traditional sand and stone aggregates of concrete are hereby replaced with materials that are lighter: namely sintered fly ash and expanded clay. The present invention consequently can be used to produce a lighter product in a semi-dry or wet-cast form that has a strength sufficient for use in the construction industry. For example, when Lytag 12mm and Optiroc sand are used, a reduction in the density of the concrete from 2400 kgm3 to 1685 kgm3 occurs. Use of silica fume provides a better workability of the concrete. The cost of the mixture is kept down by using pulverised-fuel ash as a partial substitute for cement and using an admixture, for example Fosroc Structuro 280, to decrease the amount of fine aggregate.
The above composition is particularly designed to be used in the manufacture of fence posts that overcome the aforementioned problems. In an embodiment of the invention, a fence post thus constructed has approximately the relative cross-sectional dimensions as shown in figure 1. This section differs from sections previously used in the art, the main difference being that for a post of 2.36 to 2.4 metros high, the slot depth has been adjusted from25mmto30 mm.
In other embodiments of the invention, the fence-post has approximately the relative cross sectional dimensions as shown in figure I but for a post of 2.36 to 2.4 metros high, the slot depth can be between 30 mm and 35 mm.
In a further embodiment of the invention the fence post as described has a length of 2.36 to 2.40 metros. This fence post, despite being made of concrete and having the same height as those commonly used in the art, which weigh between 44 kg and 56 kg, weighs less than 25kg. It therefore falls within the maximum limit of 25 kg which a person is advised to carry unaided under health and saLcty guidelines. This reduction in weight to below 25 kg is the result of the combination of the composition used and the change in the slot depth from 25 mm to between 30 mm and 35 mm. It still has a flexural strength sufficient to do the job required.
Feathercrete' has a compressive strength of around 7 Nmm2. The composition of the present invention has a compressive strength of greater than 20 Nmm2, and in preferred embodiments has a compressive strength of over 30 Nmm2, and in further preferred embodiments has a compressive strength of between 36 Nmm2 and 40 Nmm2 which is significantly greater than that of 'Feathercrete', meaning it is less easily damaged in handling. The mixture is also substantially cheaper than that employed in 'Feathercrete', due to its having a lower cement content.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make fencing panels.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make "roughing products, e.g. cable protection units.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make cable covers.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make lintels.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make drainage inspection chambers.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make herbs.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make cladding units.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make columns.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make beams.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make flooring products.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make acoustic barriers.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make pier caps.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make stairs.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make garages.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make street furniture.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make prefabricated buildings.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make revetment systems.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make grassblocks.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make flagstones.
The compositions of the present invention may also be used to make agricultural products.
The compositions of the present invention can be used to form any of the above-mentioned products using any method conventional in the art.
The present invention is now described, by way of example only, with reference to figure 1 which presents a cross-section through a fence post of height 2.36 to 2.4 metros.
The section is approximately H-shaped with the length along two parallel and opposite edges (1 and 2) being lOOmm and 95mm, such that the lOOmm edge (1) overhangs the 95mm edge (2) on each side by 2.5mm. There is a perpendicular distance of 95mm between these two edges and two further non-parallel side edges (3 and 4) join them. Slots (5 and 6) arc cut out of the ccntres of the two parallel and opposite edges (1 & 2). These two slots are identical and are the shape of isosceles trapezia. Each trapezium is 30mm deep and has a side of 50mm which forms the base (7) of the slot, whilst the open end of the slot (8) is 55mm and fonns the cut-away portion of either the lOOmm or 95mm edge.
The lengths thus listed may vary by + 3mm.
The present invention is described in greater detail in the examples below by way of illustration.
Examples 2 to 5
Compositions were made up, containing the following components.
Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 | Example 5 Lytag 4 (kg) 120 100 Lytag 12mm (kg) 197 Lytag [4 mm (kg 98 Optiroc LWA 4 - IN _ mm (kg) 100 Optiroc LWA 0 - 5 mm (kg 80 Optiroc Sand (kg) 255 92.4 255 110 Silica Sand (kg) 46 PFA (kg 55 23 55 55 Cement (kg) 167 70 167 168 Microsilica (kg) 29 12 29 29 Fosroc Structuro Fosroc Structuro Fosroc Structuro Fosroc Structuro Admixture Typc 280 280 280 280 Admixture quantity (litres) 0 5 Added Water (litrcs) 70 (estimated) 35 (estimated) Example 2 is a semi-dry cast and was found to exhibit good cohesive properties. It has a I O plastic density of 1685 kgn3.
Example 3 is a semi-dry cast and was found to exhibit good cohesive properties. After 3 days it was found to have a strength of 17 Nmm2, and after 14 days was found to have strength of 17.3 Nmm2.
Example 4 is a semi-dry cast and was found to be moderately dry and therefore suitably cohesive. It has a dry density of 1480 kgm3.
Example 5is a wet-cast and was found to exhibit good cohesive properties. It has a dr density of 1540 kgm3.
Examples 6 to 8
Compositions were made up, containing the following components.
Example 6 Example 7 Example S Lytag 10mm (kg, 432 127 Lytag 14 mm (kg 480 380 Optiroc Sand (kg, 360 432 507 Silica Sand (kg, 120 270 253 Cement (kg, 480 432 253 Microsilica (kg, 96 86.5 27.9 Fosroc Structuro Fosroc Structuro Fosroc Structuro Admixture Typ 280 280 280 Admixture quantity 3.6 3.2 1.9 Added Water (litres, 180 162 165 Example 6 was found to be dry and therefore not fully cohesive. It has a dry density of 1570 kgm3 and a plastic density of 1715 kgm3. After 28 days it was found to have a strength of 46.5 Nmm2.
Example 7 was found to be moderately dry and therefore suitably cohesive. It has a plastic density of 1815 kgm3. After 28 days it was found to have a strength of 42.5 Nmm2.
Example 8 was found to be dry and therefore not fully cohesive. It has a dry density of 1540 kgm3 and a plastic density of 1715 kgm3. After 28 days it was found to have a strength of 27 Nm m2.
Claims (25)
1. A composition comprising cement, fly ash, expanded clay and water.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the cement comprises 1 to 40% by weight of the composition.
3. The composition of claim 1 or 2 wherein the fly ash comprises l to 40% by weight of the composition.
4. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the expanded clay comprises to 50% by weight of the composition.
5. The composition of any one of claims I to 4 wherein the water comprises 1 to 30% by weight of the composition.
6. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 5 that also comprises sand.
7. The composition of any one of claims I to 6 that also comprises silica fume.
8. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 7 that also comprises pulverised-fuel ash.
9. The composition of any one of claims 1 to 8 that also comprises an admixture to decrease the volume of fine aggregate.
10. The composition of any one of claims I to 9 that also comprises an admixture to reduce the water absorption.
11. The composition of any one of claims I to I O comprising the following components in the following by weight percentages fly ash 12 to 32%, expanded clay 19 to 39%, sand 3 to 23%, cement 9 to 29%, silica fume 0 to 13%, pulverised-fuel ash 0 to 16%, admixture to decrease the volume of fine aggregate 0 to 10%, water 0 to 18% with the quantities adjusted such that the percentages add up to a total of 100%.
12. The composition of any one of claims I to I I wherein the fly ash is sintered fly ash.
13. The composition of claim I 1 or claim 12 wherein the sand is M grade sand.
14. The composition of any one of claims 11 to 13 wherein the admixture to decrease the volume of fine aggregate comprises Fosroc Structuro 280.
15. The composition of claims 12 to 14 wherein the sintered fly ash is Lytag.
16. The composition of claim 15 wherein the Lytag is at least one of Lytag 4-6mm, Lytag 10mm, Lytag 12mm and Lytag 14mm.
17. The composition of any one of claims I to 16 wherein the expanded clay is Optiroc LWA.
18. The composition of claim 17 wherein the Optiroc l,WA is at least one of Optiroc LWA 14mm, Optiroc LWA 4-10mm, Optiroc LWA 0-5mm.
19. The composition of any one of claims I to 16 wherein the expanded clay is Optiroc sand.
20. The composition of any of claims 11 to 20 which additionally comprises an admixture to reduce the water absorption.
21. A fence post cast from the composition of any one of the preceding claims.
22. The fence post of claim 21 having approximately the relative crosssectional dimensions as shown in figure 1.
23. The fence post of claim 22 having approximately the cross-sectional dimensions as shown in figure 1.
24. A fence post of claim 23 with a length of between 2.36 metros and 2. 40 metres.
25. An article cast Dom the composition of any one of claims 1 to 20, which article is any one of the group consisting of fencing panels, "roughing products, cable covers, lintels, drainage inspection chambers, herbs, cladding units, columns, beams, flooring products, acoustic barriers, pier caps for posts, stairs, garages, street furniture, prefabricated buildings, revetment systems, grassblocks, flagstones, and agricultural products.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0408216A GB2413126A (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2004-04-13 | Lightweight concrete composition based on expanded clay and sintered fly ash |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0408216A GB2413126A (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2004-04-13 | Lightweight concrete composition based on expanded clay and sintered fly ash |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB0408216D0 GB0408216D0 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
| GB2413126A true GB2413126A (en) | 2005-10-19 |
Family
ID=32320743
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB0408216A Withdrawn GB2413126A (en) | 2004-04-13 | 2004-04-13 | Lightweight concrete composition based on expanded clay and sintered fly ash |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2413126A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102358705A (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2012-02-22 | 范峪铭 | Process for producing sintered ceramsite by using solid waste materials, and system thereof |
| RU2464247C1 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-10-20 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Concrete mixture |
| GB2512606A (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-08 | Nustone Ltd | A lightweight aggregate and a concrete comprising the lightweight aggregate |
| ES2629064A1 (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2017-08-07 | Universidad De Burgos | Structural mortar lightened with expanded clay and aggregates with recycled aggregates (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| CN107673693A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-09 | 中交公路长大桥建设国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Suppress the lightweight concrete that aggregate floats |
| EP3362615A4 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2019-06-26 | Oldcastle Architectural, Inc. | Dry-cast lightweight veneer block, system, and method |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1165005A (en) * | 1965-12-04 | 1969-09-24 | John Laing Res And Dev Ltd | Improvements in the Production of Concrete Castings. |
| US3679445A (en) * | 1968-08-23 | 1972-07-25 | Laing & Son Ltd John | Low density concretes and their manufacture |
| GB1545864A (en) * | 1975-08-29 | 1979-05-16 | Setec Geotechnique | Lightweight concrete mix |
| EP0010777A1 (en) * | 1978-11-03 | 1980-05-14 | Densit a/s | Shaped article and composite material and method for producing same |
| EP0127960A1 (en) * | 1983-05-10 | 1984-12-12 | Dansk Eternit-Fabrik A/S | A process for the manufacture of autoclaved fibre-reinforced shaped articles |
| EP0858980A1 (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 1998-08-19 | Joan Maria Neira Pous | Process of manufacturing mortar for construction |
-
2004
- 2004-04-13 GB GB0408216A patent/GB2413126A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1165005A (en) * | 1965-12-04 | 1969-09-24 | John Laing Res And Dev Ltd | Improvements in the Production of Concrete Castings. |
| US3679445A (en) * | 1968-08-23 | 1972-07-25 | Laing & Son Ltd John | Low density concretes and their manufacture |
| GB1545864A (en) * | 1975-08-29 | 1979-05-16 | Setec Geotechnique | Lightweight concrete mix |
| EP0010777A1 (en) * | 1978-11-03 | 1980-05-14 | Densit a/s | Shaped article and composite material and method for producing same |
| EP0127960A1 (en) * | 1983-05-10 | 1984-12-12 | Dansk Eternit-Fabrik A/S | A process for the manufacture of autoclaved fibre-reinforced shaped articles |
| EP0858980A1 (en) * | 1995-07-19 | 1998-08-19 | Joan Maria Neira Pous | Process of manufacturing mortar for construction |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2464247C1 (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-10-20 | Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина | Concrete mixture |
| CN102358705A (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2012-02-22 | 范峪铭 | Process for producing sintered ceramsite by using solid waste materials, and system thereof |
| GB2512606A (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-08 | Nustone Ltd | A lightweight aggregate and a concrete comprising the lightweight aggregate |
| EP3362615A4 (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2019-06-26 | Oldcastle Architectural, Inc. | Dry-cast lightweight veneer block, system, and method |
| US11028598B2 (en) | 2015-06-26 | 2021-06-08 | Anchor Wall Systems Limited | Dry-cast lightweight veneer block, system, and method |
| US11454034B2 (en) | 2015-06-26 | 2022-09-27 | Anchor Wall Systems Limited | Dry-cast lightweight veneer block, system, and method |
| ES2629064A1 (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2017-08-07 | Universidad De Burgos | Structural mortar lightened with expanded clay and aggregates with recycled aggregates (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| CN107673693A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2018-02-09 | 中交公路长大桥建设国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Suppress the lightweight concrete that aggregate floats |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB0408216D0 (en) | 2004-05-19 |
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