GB2400129A - Asphalt composition for use in the construction of roads - Google Patents
Asphalt composition for use in the construction of roads Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2400129A GB2400129A GB0305135A GB0305135A GB2400129A GB 2400129 A GB2400129 A GB 2400129A GB 0305135 A GB0305135 A GB 0305135A GB 0305135 A GB0305135 A GB 0305135A GB 2400129 A GB2400129 A GB 2400129A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- asphalt composition
- dry portion
- composition according
- aggregate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlormequat chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 5
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Laurolactam Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCCCCCCCN1 JHWNWJKBPDFINM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004794 expanded polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000092 linear low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004707 linear low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001179 medium density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004701 medium-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010812 mixed waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002432 poly(vinyl methyl ether) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002500 effect on skin Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005575 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000468 styrene butadiene styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
- E01C7/182—Aggregate or filler materials, except those according to E01C7/26
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
- E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
- E01C7/18—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders
- E01C7/26—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders mixed with other materials, e.g. cement, rubber, leather, fibre
- E01C7/265—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and bituminous binders mixed with other materials, e.g. cement, rubber, leather, fibre with rubber or synthetic resin, e.g. with rubber aggregate, with synthetic resin binder
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The asphalt composition, primarily for use in the construction of roads, includes a plastic material, preferably recycled plastic material, which is used to a portion of the aggregate. The proportion of plastic used may vary based on factors such as the type of plastic, the type of road surface being produced etc. and the asphalt may be formed by a hot or cold mixing method.
Description
i: r t t I t À I I I 1 8 À À M&C Folio: GBP287078 24001 29 Road Surfacing
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a novel asphalt composition suitable for use in the construction of roads.
Description of the Prior Art
A considerable amount of polymer waste is produced, both in the United Kingdom and elsewhere, from both domestic and industrial sources. In particular, the automotive industry produces a significant amount of waste polymer products. Examples of polymers present in such polymer waste include but are not limited to polyalkenes such as polyethylene (for example, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene or high density polyethylene) or polypropylene, substituted polyalkenes such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl formal, polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, poly-(a-methyl) styrene, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinyl butyral, poly (vinyl carbazole) , poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), polyvinyl acetate. or polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon(); polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT); polyamides such as nylon 12 or nylon 6; polyimides; copolymers of the above; and mixtures of the above polymers and copolymers.
Typically, plastics material recovered from a waste stream contains a mixture of the above polymers. Hereinafter this mixed polymer waste product and similar products are referred to as 'mixed waste plastic'.
An estimate of the proportions by volume of each polymer recovered from European waste polymer streams is as follows: Low density polyethylene(LDPE) 23% High density polyethylene (HDPE) 17% À he I À e À e À À # À À À À 1 À À À Polypropylene 19% Polystyrene (PS)/ Expanded polystyrene (EPS) 12% Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 11% Polyethylene Terepthalate (PET) 8% Other plastic types 10% In spite of attempts to increase the direct recycling of polymer waste, most waste plastic is currently disposed of in landfill sites. This not only causes environmental pollution but is increasingly expensive.
Asphalt stabilization is a remediation technology that has been developed and applied for some considerable time. The process is designed to bind contaminated material in a stable product, reducing risks associated with dermal contact, ingestion and leaching of contaminants to groundwater and surface water. In addition, the process eliminates the need for landfill disposal of contaminated material and associated environmental problems that may arise.
Technology of this type has been used for many years to recycle road planings, reducing the demand for virgin aggregates and recycling the old road surface material. Two methods are used to process materials, hot mix asphalt production and the cold mix method. In these processes an asphalt binder is mixed with soiVstone aggregate and blended to ensure each soil grain and stone aggregate is coated with a thin layer of asphalt. In order to mix the asphalt binder, which is a solid at room temperature, with the aggregate it must be in a liquefied form. Hot mix asphalt production uses heat to liquefy the solid asphalt binder. The cold mix process, also known as Asphalt Emulsion Stabilisation (AES), uses a mixture of water and surfactants to get asphalt into a The present applicant's GB-A-2318795 and WO 98/18864 discloses the application of this technology to ash from domestic waste incinerators (bottom ash), and discloses a hot mix asphalt comprising from 10 to 50% by weight of such bottom ash, from 4 to 6% by weight of bitumen having a penetration of from 50 to 200 pen, from 25 to 55% by weight of crushed rock having a particle size of greater than 2 mm, from 10 to 35% by . À as eee ece À C weight of crushed rock fines having a particle size of less than 2 mm and from 0 to 3% by weight of a filler. Preferably, the bottom ash is subjected to electromagnetic and eddy current separation before the mixing process.
Earlier examples of the incorporation of bottom ash in hot mix asphalt compositions are described in GB 1415572 and in Eymael et al., Environmental Aspects of Construction with Waste Materials, 1994, pp. 851862. EP-A-550303 discloses the incorporation of bottom ash into a cold mix asphalt composition.
The present applicant's GB-A-2331995 and WO 99/29780 disclose the application of this technology to the remediation of contaminated material, particularly land from industrial sites such as coal gasification sites, steel works, coal mines, coking/smelting plants and tar distilling plants. Such land is frequently contaminated with hazardous chemicals such as coal derivatives (particularly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene derivatives, arsenides, sulphides, cyanides, spent oxides), heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons. Accordingly, the document discloses a method of remediating said contaminated material, which comprises mixing said contaminated material with a fortification material and filler, cold mixing the resulting mixture with an aqueous cationic bituminous emulsion having a pH of 2 to 5, preferably 3 to 4, and comprising to 70% by weight, preferably 60 to 70% by weight, of bitumen having a penetration of from 15 to 200 pen, preferably 40 to 60 pen, followed by breaking of said emulsion to give a remediated material in which the particles of said contaminated material are coated by a layer of bitumen.
The use of recovered rubber, for example, crushed rubber lyres, in an asphalt composition is also known in the art.
Asphalt stabilization technology has not, however, previously been successfully applied to the remediation of waste plastic. It would be highly desirable, therefore, to develop a process for the remediation of waste plastic to give a material that exhibits the necessary engineering and environmental properties to enable it to be used in road construction.
This would enable the waste plastic to be turned into a product having useful properties and avoid the need to dispose of it in landfill sites. Furthermore, by using waste plastic t C #t À À À ,, À Be À t. À t e À t À t t À À À À at least as a partial replacement for virgin aggregate in asphalt compositions, it would be possible to reduce the amount of virgin aggregate required from quarries, thus conferring significant economic and environmental benefits.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a process of remediating waste plastic using asphalt stabilisation technology. It is a further object of the invention to provide a remediated product including waste plastic that is both environmentally stable and suitable for use in the construction of roads.
SummarY of Invention
The present invention therefore provides in a first aspect an asphalt composition suitable for use in the construction of roads, said asphalt composition including a plastics material.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a method of producing an asphalt composition suitable for use in the construction of roads, comprising mixing a plastics material with appropriate amounts of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, bitumen and, optionally, additives.
In further aspects, the invention provides a road surface formed from the asphalt composition of the invention.
Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments
In order to form the asphalt composition of the present invention, plastics material is mixed with coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, bitumen and, optionally, additives. The precise amounts of the different components can be varied depending on factors such as the type of plastic, the mixing method (hot or cold mix), the type of road surfacing required (base or wearing course), the prevailing climate in the location in which the road is laid and environmental considerations.
8 rÀ 8 8 À 1, 8 8 8 À 8 8 À 8 e 8. .' 8 8 Suitably, the dry portion of the asphalt composition of the present invention may contain: up to 50% by weight of plastics material and at least 40% by weight of coarse aggregate, relative to the weight of the dry portion of the composition, such that the plastics material and coarse aggregate together comprise 10% to 90% by weight of the dry portion of the composition; and 10% to 90% by weight of fine aggregate, relative to the total weight of the dry portion of the composition, the fine aggregate component optionally including a filler.
By 'dry portion' in the context of this specification is meant all the dry ingredients of the asphalt composition (in other words, plastics material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, and optionally fillers, fibres etc) other than the bitumen. The proportions by weight of each of the dry components are described as a percentage of the total weight of the dry portion (the 'total dry weight'). The proportion by weight bitumen is assessed separately, in terms of the parts by weight bitumen (or bituminous emulsion) relative to 100 parts by weight of the dry portion.
The plastics material used in the asphalt composition of the present invention may be any suitable thermoplastic polymer capable of incorporation into an asphalt composition. Examples of plastics materials include but are not limited to polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyalkenes such as polyethylene (for example, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene or high density polyethylene) or polypropylene, substituted polyalkenes such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl formal, polystyrene, poly-(a-methyl) styrene, polyvinyl methyl ether, polyvinyl butyral, poly (vinyl carbazole), poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene), polyvinyl acetate or polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon@); polyamides such as nylon 12 or nylon 6; polyimides; copolymers of the above; and mixtures of the above polymers and copolymers.
Typically, the plastics material used is mixed waste plastic recovered from a waste stream, containing a mixture of polymers. 1 1
1 8 C À The plastics material preferably has a density of between 1.0 and 1.5 Mg/m3 as determined according to British Standard Specification (B.S.) 812: Part 2: 1995.
Preferably, the plastics material is supplied in the form of a pre-mixed form including both plastic and aggregate components. The ratio of plastic to aggregate in such a pre- mix composition may vary depending on factors such as the type of plastic, the type of road surfacing required (base or wearing course), the mixing method (hot or cold mixing), the prevailing climate in the location in which the road is laid and environmental considerations. In the present specification, this pre-mix is also referred to as 'synthetic aggregate'.
The dry portion of the composition preferably contains 1 to 40%, more preferably 2 to 20%, by weight of plastics material.
The coarse aggregate element used in the asphalt composition of the present invention can be any conventionally used in the production of asphalt compositions e.g. limestone, andesite and granite. By 'coarse' in the context of this specification is meant that the particle size of the component generally exceeds 2.36 mm, as tested using the appropriate British Standard test sieve. The British Standard test sieve typically used for aggregates in coated materials is that described in BS 63, Part 1. Suitably, about 65% of the coarse aggregate is stopped by the 2.36 mm sieve. It may be obtained from the quarry process of blasting, crushing and screening of a mineral deposit. However, it may also comprise gravel or so-called secondary aggregate obtained from the recovery of used building materials from demolished buildings, old asphalt planings and the like.
The dry portion of the composition preferably contains 40 to 80%, more preferably 50 to 70%, by weight of coarse aggregate relative to the total weight of the dry portion of the composition.
Preferably, the plastics material and coarse aggregate together comprise 50% to 80%, more preferably 60% to 75%, by weight of the total dry portion of the composition.
1 8 1 À 1 1 8 8 8 À The fine aggregates used in the asphalt composition of the present invention can be any conventionally used in the production of asphalt compositions. By 'fine' in the context of the present specification is meant that the particle size of the component is less than the nominal 2.36 mm, as tested using the appropriate British Standard test sieve. The fine aggregates may, for example, be obtained from the same quarry process as the coarse aggregates. However, ash (for example, fly ash or bottom ash obtained from a domestic waste incinerator, as described in more detail in GB-A-2318795 and WO 98/18864 to which reference is made), sand (for example, natural sand, foundry sand or china clay sand), cement (such as Portland cement), and mixtures thereof may also form the fine aggregates element.
The dry portion of the composition preferably contains 15 to 30%, more preferably 20 to 25%, by weight of fine aggregate relative to the total weight of the dry portion of the composition.
Preferably, the plastics material is supplied in the form of a pre-mixed form including both plastic and aggregate components. Suitably, the premix may contain up to 50% by weight plastic and at least 50% by weight aggregate (the percentages being assessed as a proportion of the total weight of the pre-mix). Preferably, the pre-mix contains from 15 to 45%, more preferably 25 to 35%, by weight plastics material and from 55 to 85%, more preferably 65 to 75%, by weight of aggregate. The aggregate component of the pre-mix is preferably fine aggregate, as described below.
The asphalt composition of the present invention may be formed by either a hot mixing or a cold mixing method, described in more detail below.
In order to form a hot mix asphalt composition, 100 parts by weight of the above dry portion of the composition are mixed with 4 to 7 parts by weight of bitumen in a suitable hot mix asphalt plant. Suitably, the hot mixing process may be carried out at a temperature ranging from 120 C to 190 C, preferably 140 C to 170 C, and more preferably 150 C to 160 C.
1 ' À c c C. 1 C, C C I C C C t C C C
C C C C
C C À C When the plastics material is supplied in the form of a pre-mixed form, the dry portion of the hot mix asphalt composition preferably contains from 5% to 50% by weight, more preferably from 8% to 30% by weight, of pre-mix relative to the total weight of the dry portion of the composition.
The bitumen used in the hot mix asphalt composition of the present invention has a penetration of from 50 to 200 pen, preferably 100 to 150 pen as determined according to British Standard Specification (B.S.) 3690 (a test which is based on viscosity ranking test; 1 pen = 0.1 mm). Preferably, the hot mix asphalt composition contains from 4.5 to 6.5 parts by weight, more preferably 5 to 6 parts by weight, and even more preferably 5.2 to 5.7 parts by weight of bitumen relative to 100 parts by weight of the dry portion of the composition.
Alternatively, the asphalt composition of the present invention may be formed by a cold mixing method. This involves the mixing of 100 parts by weight of the above dry portion of the composition with 4 to 7 parts by weight of a suitable aqueous cationic bituminous emulsion in a suitable cold mix asphalt plant, and the emulsion is then broken to give a material in which the particles of the dry portion of the composition are coated by a layer of bitumen. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the cold mix process may allow a greater proportion of plastics material to be present in the composition, as the process requires little or no heating. In particular, when the plastics material forms a component of a pre-mix as outlined above, the dry portion of the asphalt composition may contain up to 100% by weight of the pre-mix. Preferably, the dry portion of the cold mix asphalt composition contains 20% to 80% by weight of the pre-mix.
Ideally, purpose built cold mix plants, which can carefully control the quantities of the components added and their rate of addition and mixing should be used. One example of a suitable purpose built plant is the Ammann Cold Mix Concept plant which is manufactured by Ammann Limited of Chippenham, Wiltshire, U.K. Suitably, the aqueous cationic bituminous emulsion used to prepare the cold mix asphalt composition of the present invention has a pH of 2 to 5, preferably 3 to 4, and comprises ce I À I e I I I À I e I À I C À * ee. À I e to 70% by weight, preferably 60 to 70% by weight, of bitumen having a penetration of from 15 to 200 pen, preferably 40 to 60 pen. This ensures stable encapsulation of the dry portion of the asphalt composition. The actual mixing process used, however, is fairly typical of other cold mix asphalt processes known in the art. The emulsion will usually contain an emulsifying agent, the nature of which will vary depending on the desired break time for the emulsion. Regulators are included in the emulsion to strictly control the pH to the required level. Typically the pH regulator is a strong mineral acid, preferably hydrochloric acid.
Before mixing, the emulsion is preferably maintained at a temperature of 5 to 30 C.
Mixing of the emulsion with the dry portion is usually performed at ambient temperature. The components are mixed slowly to ensure that the emulsion does not break until the desired time. Breaking of the emulsion to encapsulate the particles of the dry portion is effected by compaction of the mixture of dry portion and emulsion.
The bitumen present in the aqueous cationic bituminous emulsion used to prepare the cold mix asphalt composition of the present invention has a penetration of from 15 to pen, as determined according to British Standard Specification (B.S.) 3690, Part 1 (published in 1989 by the British Standards Institute). The actual viscosity of the bitumen chosen will vary depending upon factors such as the type of plastic, the type of road surfacing required (base or wearing course), the prevailing climate in the location in which the road is laid and environmental considerations. Preferably the bitumen used has a penetration of 40 to 60 pen. In one particular example, the bitumen used has a penetration of 50 pen.
The cold aqueous cationic bituminous emulsion may further comprise light petroleum oils that act to reduce the viscosity of the bitumen. This has the effect of increasing the elasticity of the asphalt composition obtained but it also reduces its load bearing capacity.
The dry portion of the asphalt composition of the present invention may further contain additives such as fillers and cellulosic fibres. Furthermore, the bitumen may be I r cc r r c r c r I c r c r c À r cc r r c en c c c r c c Be en c c modified with a polymer. The nature of such additives is known in the art and is not the subject of this invention.
When a filler is included in the dry portion of the asphalt composition of the present invention, the fillers used are generally those conventionally used in the production of asphalt compositions. These include powders whose particle size is substantially less than 75'um as tested by the appropriate British Standard test sieve. Typically 85-100 wt.% of the filler passes a 75 Am BS sieve. Examples of suitable fillers include the finer grades of the fine aggregate components mentioned above, or the product of milling limestone aggregate. Hydration may be improved by the addition of lime, hydrated lime, sulphate resisting cement or ordinary Portland cement as a filler. These powdery fillers can also act to dry materials out by increasing aggregate surface area.
The dry portion of the asphalt composition may contain up to 15%, preferably up to 10%, more preferably up to 5%, by weight of filler. This proportion of filler may substitute for the corresponding proportion of the fine aggregate element.
The ease of coating of the dry portion and the ease of working of the thus obtained product may be enhanced by inclusion in the filler element of fibres such as cellulosic fibres. The cellulosic fibres should ideally contain at least 70% by weight of cellulose.
Preferably, the proportion of cellulosic fibres in the total mixture is up to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 0.6% by weight. Pelletised cellulosic fibres may be used.
Examples of suitable fibres include Topcel_ and Technocel_ obtainable from Cellulose Fulstoff Fabrik, Fleenwerg, Monchengladbach, Germany. Typically, the fibres are obtained from recycled paper.
The bitumen may be modified with a polymer chosen from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, styrenebutadiene rubber and natural latex. Modification with these polymers results in an asphalt composition that is both more elastic, making it less prone to cracking in cold weather, and more viscous, making it less likely to soften in hot weather.
The asphalt composition is usually spread either by hand or by use of a mechanical paver/spreader. This is then compacted, typically by means of a steel drum with a r À 1 ' I r C 8 8 8 8 8 e 8 8 8 À vibratory action or by pneumatic tyred rollers. When the material is used as a road base, a thin layer wearing course is applied to the material once compacted.
Example
Using a hot mix asphalt plant at 130-165 C, 5.6 parts by weight of bitumen (100/150 pen grade; available from BP, Llandarcy, UK) was combined with 100 parts by weight of a dry mixture having the following composition: Component Amount Source Synthetic aggregate 10.6 wt.% 30% mixed polymer waste (nominal particle size (Ford Motor Co) and 70% fine aggregate 14-5mm) (Cwm Nant Lleici, Wales, UK) China Clay waste 7.1 wt. % Imerys, Cornwall, UK Coarse aggregate 68.9 wt. % Bardon Hill Quarry, Leicestershire, UK Fine aggregate 7.1 wt. % Bardon Hill Quarry, Leicestershire, UK Filler 5.3 wt. % Francis Flowers, Somerset, UK After the above components are mixed, 100 parts by weight of the above mixture are then mixed with 0.3 parts by weight of cellulose fibres (obtainable from Cellulose Fulstoff Fabrik, Fleenwerg, Monchengladbach, Germany) to give an asphalt composition according to the present invention.
Leachate from the synthetic aggregate used in the above example was analysed by CERAM Research Limited, Stoke-on-Trent, UK, according to the procedure set out in Extraction to 'Interim NRA Guidance Research & Development Note 301', published by the UK National Rivers Authority.
The leachate was found to contain less than 0.5 ppm total petroleum hydrocarbons, as well as metals in the following quantities: l r À À C 1 À I I ee, cce a c c Metal Amount present (mg/l) Arsenic (As) <0.05 Boron (B) <0.05 Cadmium (Cd) <0.01 Chromium (Cr) <0.01 Copper (Cu) 0.02 Mercury (Hg) <0.1 Nickel (Ni) 0.02 Lead (Pb) <0.02 Selenium (Se) <0.5 Zinc (Zn) 0. 04 / 1,
Claims (25)
- À 1 À I.e r I '. aÀ CLAIMS: 1. An asphalt composition suitable for use in the construction of roads, said asphalt composition including a plastics material.
- 2. An asphalt composition according to claim 1, the dry portion of the asphalt composition containing: up to 50% by weight of plastics material and at least 40% by weight of coarse aggregate, relative to the weight of the dry portion of the composition, such that the plastics material and coarse aggregate together comprise 10% to 90% by weight of the dry portion of the composition; and 10% to 90% by weight of fine aggregate, relative to the total weight of the dry portion of the composition, the fine aggregate component optionally including a filler.
- 3. An asphalt composition according to claim 2, the dry portion of the asphalt composition containing 1 to 40% by weight of plastics material.
- 4. An asphalt composition according to claim 2, the dry portion of the asphalt composition containing 40 to 80% by weight of coarse aggregate.
- 5. An asphalt composition according to claim 2, the plastics material and coarse aggregate together comprising 50% to 80% by weight of the dry portion of the composition.
- 6. An asphalt composition according to claim 2, the dry portion of the asphalt composition containing 15 to 30% by weight of fine aggregate.
- 7. An asphalt composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the plastics material is present in a pre-mixed form including both plastic and aggregate components.
- 8. An asphalt composition according to claim 7, wherein the pre-mix contains up to 50% by weight plastic and at least 50% by weight aggregate.. . 4 I, _ I À ,. . 4 À À elc À 4 e
- 9. An asphalt composition according to claim 8, wherein the pre-mix contains from to 45% by weight plastics material and from 55 to 85% by weight aggregate.
- 10. An asphalt composition according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the aggregate component of the pre-mix is fine aggregate.
- 11. An asphalt composition according to any one of claims 2 to 10, obtainable by hot mixing l DO parts by weight of the dry portion as defined in any one of claims 2 to with 4 to 7 parts by weight of bitumen.
- 12. An asphalt composition according to claim 11, containing from 4.5 to 6.5 parts by weight of bitumen relative to 100 parts by weight of dry portion.
- 13. An asphalt composition according to any one of claims 2 to 10, obtainable by cold mixing 100 parts by weight of dry portion of any one of claims 2 to 10 with 4 to 7 parts by weight of a suitable aqueous cationic bituminous emulsion, followed by breaking the emulsion to give a material in which the particles of the dry portion of the composition are coated by a layer of bitumen.
- 14. An asphalt composition according to claim 13, wherein the aqueous cationic bituminous emulsion has a pH of 2 to 5.
- 15. An asphalt composition according to claim 14, wherein the aqueous cationic bituminous emulsion comprises 45 to 70% by weight of bitumen.
- 16. A method of producing an asphalt composition suitable for use in the construction of roads, comprising mixing a plastics material with appropriate amounts of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, bitumen and, optionally, additives.
- 17. A method according to claim 16, comprising hot mixing 100 parts by weight of the dry portion as defined in any one of claims 2 to 10 with 4 to 7 parts by weight of bitumen. I r.f I r r al r 'he _ 1 À f f f
- 18. A method according to claim 17, wherein the hot mixing process is carried out at a temperature ranging from 140 C to 170 C.
- 19. A method according to claim 16, comprising cold mixing 100 parts by weight of dry portion of any one of claims 2 to 6 with 4 to 7 parts by weight of a suitable aqueous cationic bituminous emulsion, followed by breaking the emulsion to give a material in which the particles of the dry portion of the composition are coated by a layer of bitumen.
- 20. A method for laying the surface of a road comprising laying on a preprepared surface an asphalt composition according to any one of claims 1 to IS.
- 21. A road surface obtainable according to the method of Claim 20.
- 22. An asphalt composition suitable for use in the construction of roads, substantially as described herein.
- 23. A method of producing an asphalt composition suitable for use in the construction of roads substantially as described herein.
- 24. A method for laying the surface of a road substantially as described herein.
- 25. A road surface substantially as described herein.
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GB0305135A GB2400129B (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2003-03-06 | Road surfacing |
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GB0305135A GB2400129B (en) | 2003-03-06 | 2003-03-06 | Road surfacing |
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GB2400129A true GB2400129A (en) | 2004-10-06 |
GB2400129B GB2400129B (en) | 2006-06-14 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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ES2466615A1 (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-06-10 | Aglomerados Los Serranos, S.A. | Bituminous composition and its use to reduce vibrations, noise and as an anti-cracking and anti-crack mixture (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
WO2015087225A1 (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2015-06-18 | Universidad Militar Nueva Granada | Modified asphaltic material for repairing paved traffic surfaces, and method for producing same |
WO2017129962A1 (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-08-03 | Toby Mccartney | A method of producing a road making material and to a road made therefrom |
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FR2783251A1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2000-03-17 | Sacovad Ste Automobile Et De C | Material for molding into surface claddings for roads is composed of waste plastics granules with a bitumen bonding agent and aggregates for heating and molding |
WO2002053646A1 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2002-07-11 | The Plasphalt Project Ltd. Co. | Method of making plastic asphalt paving material and paving material and pavement made thereby |
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EP0332245A2 (en) * | 1988-03-11 | 1989-09-13 | ENICHEM ANIC S.p.A. | Bituminous composition for road surfacing |
EP0346142A2 (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1989-12-13 | Debreceni Magas, Mély és utépitö Részvénytársaság | Process and composition for constructing hydraulically bonded road foundations or semirigid roadway structures |
US5558703A (en) * | 1992-11-12 | 1996-09-24 | Fina Research, S.A. | Bituminous compositions |
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ES2466615A1 (en) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-06-10 | Aglomerados Los Serranos, S.A. | Bituminous composition and its use to reduce vibrations, noise and as an anti-cracking and anti-crack mixture (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
WO2017129962A1 (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2017-08-03 | Toby Mccartney | A method of producing a road making material and to a road made therefrom |
US10808365B2 (en) | 2016-01-25 | 2020-10-20 | MacRebur Limited | Method of producing a road making material and to a road made therefrom |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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GB2400129B (en) | 2006-06-14 |
GB0305135D0 (en) | 2003-04-09 |
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Effective date: 20090306 |