GB2389861A - Conductive woven fabric - Google Patents

Conductive woven fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2389861A
GB2389861A GB0213891A GB0213891A GB2389861A GB 2389861 A GB2389861 A GB 2389861A GB 0213891 A GB0213891 A GB 0213891A GB 0213891 A GB0213891 A GB 0213891A GB 2389861 A GB2389861 A GB 2389861A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
conductive fabric
manufacturing process
conductive
product
metallic yarn
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB0213891A
Other versions
GB0213891D0 (en
Inventor
Ming-Lai Wu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TA LAI SPORTING GOODS ENTPR CO
Ta Lai Sporting Goods Enterprises Co Ltd
Original Assignee
TA LAI SPORTING GOODS ENTPR CO
Ta Lai Sporting Goods Enterprises Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TA LAI SPORTING GOODS ENTPR CO, Ta Lai Sporting Goods Enterprises Co Ltd filed Critical TA LAI SPORTING GOODS ENTPR CO
Priority to GB0213891A priority Critical patent/GB2389861A/en
Priority to US10/174,986 priority patent/US20030233743A1/en
Publication of GB0213891D0 publication Critical patent/GB0213891D0/en
Priority to DE10235114A priority patent/DE10235114A1/en
Publication of GB2389861A publication Critical patent/GB2389861A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/14—Leading-off electric charges, e.g. by earthing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/16—Screening or neutralising undesirable influences from or using, atmospheric or terrestrial radiation or fields
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/02—Yarns or threads characterised by the material or by the materials from which they are made
    • D02G3/12—Threads containing metallic filaments or strips
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/441—Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
    • D03D15/25—Metal
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/40—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/47—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the yarns or threads multicomponent, e.g. blended yarns or threads
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/56—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads elastic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
    • D04C1/02—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof made from particular materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
    • D04C1/06—Braid or lace serving particular purposes
    • D04C1/12—Cords, lines, or tows
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2101/00—Inorganic fibres
    • D10B2101/20—Metallic fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2211/00—Protein-based fibres, e.g. animal fibres
    • D10B2211/01—Natural animal fibres, e.g. keratin fibres
    • D10B2211/02—Wool
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2211/00—Protein-based fibres, e.g. animal fibres
    • D10B2211/01—Natural animal fibres, e.g. keratin fibres
    • D10B2211/04—Silk
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/061—Load-responsive characteristics elastic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/14—Dyeability
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/16—Physical properties antistatic; conductive

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A conductive fabric suitable for use in electrotherapy is woven from composite yarn comprising a natural fibre core wrapped by a metallic yam by a braiding step. The natural fibres may be wool, rabbit hair or silk which may be treated with infra red radiation. They may be dyed.

Description

238986 1
( A Manufacturing Process and its Product for Conductive Fabric Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a fabrication technology that is used for conductive fabric. Especially, it is a new process that is distinguished Tom the S traditional process for conductive fabric.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Regarding current electronic pulse massagers on the market of medical care equipment, the dominant products have the practical function in electrotherapy, which uses small power and low current to generate neural stimulation to certain 10 spots of human body and promote blood circulation. The product is mainly composed of conductive fabric having contacts with human skin and a controller having functional options and wire connection. Wherein, the conductive fabric is made from a composite layer that contains a substrate, nickel and copper sulfide.
In addition, on end of the electroplated conductive fabric has conductive 15 adhesive, while the other end has conductive fastener. The adhesive is used for positioning on human skin, while the conductive fastener uses connection between wires and a controller to attain electrotherapy effect.
Although the present electronic pulse massager may achieve certain electrotherapy effect and possesses value to medical application, it is found to 20 have the following shortcomings after the inventor's careful review.
The conductive adhesive is not made of environment-friendly material and causes the problem with environmental protection after disposal.
( Besides, the conductive adhesive has poor gas permeability, so patients with sensitive skins will get skin allergy easily and have very uncomfortable feeling.
2. The small size of the conductive fabric results in limited therapy area 5 and poor therapy effect. Further, due to the limitation on conductive adhesive quantity, repeated use is necessary. Further, there exists a potential hygiene problem and an additional cost for re-purchase of the conductive adhesive.
3. Furthermore, since conductive adhesive is required for the electroplated 10 conductive fabric to obtain conductivity, water rinse for hygiene reason causes function loss for the conductive adhesive.
Therefore, from the above discussion, it is necessary to improve the traditional electrical pulse massager. Besides, with the rapid change in a new era, the importance of supple and easy medical auxiliary equipment at home becomes 15 increasingly apparent. In many situations, the easy access to such products provides a great help to users, especially when most people accept the products mostly with electrotherapy function and their performance.
In view of is, to make easy use of such electrical pulse massager by the general population and assure the therapy effect after using such equipment, the inventor 20 used various kinds of raw materials and process to conduct experiments and improvement. Finally, the inventor accomplished an innovation about "a manufacturing process and its product for conductive fabric".
! SUlYlIMARY OF THE INVENTION The primary objective for the invention of "a manufacturing process and its product for conductive fabric" is to improve the electroplated conductive fabric, which is made by the traditional manufacturing process and has structural 5 shortcomings, such as being unwashable, failing to meet hygiene and environmental protection requirements, and even poor performance in use. The invention provides a new manufacturing process for conductive fabric and the finished products made of such conductive fabric. For example, when ceramic powder is blended into fabric products, it has advantages like strong adhesion 10 and durability. When consumers buy such fabric products, they are exposed to the far TR irradiated from ceramic powder and achieve the medical effect on promoting blood circulation.
Another objective for the present invention of "a manufacturing process and its product for conductive fabric" is to dye the natural fiber to fabricate it into large 15 conductive fabric with the preferable color for end users, which allows a comfortable feel and a broad range of color selections.
To make the examiners to further understand the present invention of "a manufacturing process and its product for conductive fabric" regarding the objective, characteristics and advantages, die following description will provide
20 details for the entire process in the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 shows a flow diagram for the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a type of fished product for a preferable embodiment in He present invention.
Fig. 3 show a decomposition diagram for a preferable embodiment in die present invention. s Fig. 4 shows another flow diagram for He present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a manufacturing process and its product for conductive fabric. The contents will include two parts, the manufacturing process and the products made from the conductive fabric. Please refer to Fig. I and the following description:
10 ( I) Manufacturing Process: First, raw material selection should be considered.
The raw materials include metallic yarn with good conductivity and preferably diameter range within 0.035 0.08mm, They can be natural (staple) fiber such as wool and rabbit hairs, or far IR treated silk, or elastic silk etc. Since far IR beam is a kind of physical irradiation, which features in strong warming and heating 15 function that significantly helps on metabolism, blood circulation, enzyme growth and tissue recovery etc., it is frequently used for medical purpose. For the same reason, to enhance the therapy effect of the product from the conductive fabric made in the said manufacturing process, it is desirable to use far IR silk as the raw material for conductive fabric.
20 Second consideration is the processing equipment:
With the use of the above raw materials like metallic yarn and natural fiber, a special equipment for yarn feeding is adopted for yarn braiding operation, which allows the natural fiber to be wrapped up by metallic yarn to an extent (without broken yarn) that 325 coils of metallic yarn wrap up 1 cm natural fiber. Thus, 5 uniform flatness of the metallic yarn surface can be achieved to increase the application stability for electrical pulse massager.
Then, it is the fabrication of the conductive fabric.
The above coiled metallic yarn is subject to a weaving process through yarn feeding apparatus. Meanwhile, adding silk, such as rubber silk, stainless steel silk, 10 far IR silk and wool can enhance durability. Therefore, when large conductive fabric is formed, it has antiseptic and odor preventive characteristics in addition to uniformity, durability and compliance with environmental protection requirement.
(2) Products: The above-mentioned conductive fabric is fabricated into different types of 15 products to meet requirements in practical application such as medical therapy by electrical pulse massager. For further details, please refer to Figs. 2 and 3, which disclose an auxiliary handheld device 10 that the conductive fabric is fabricated into cylindrical shape with seamless airtightness. At a proper position of the said device 10 there is a male conductive fastener 11 connected with a matching female 20 conductive fastener 12 by wire 13, together with a controller 14 to regulate the current through the conductive fabric. When electrotherapy is underway, electric current of appropriate intensity is continuously discharged to stimulate patient's terminal nerves in certain areas. In the meantime, the far IR silk inside the
conductive fabric is activated due to heat generated from continuous current passage, which further promotes patient's blood circulation and metabolism.
It is worth to mention that the said manufacturing process for conductive fabric was developed by the inventor based on many times of careful experiment and the derived 5 optimum data about coiling metallic yarn around natural fiber. It was found that I cm natural fiber wrapped up with 325 coils of metallic silk is the best suitable configuration in the manufacturing process for the present invention. Accordingly, conductive fabric with optimal density and flatness is obtained to provide a stable and desired therapy.
10 Again, please refer to Fig. 4 for the flow diagram for another embodiment, which describes that in the above-mentioned fabrication process for conductive fabric, natural fiber is subject to direct dying, followed by the existing braiding and weaving operation to make finished products. Thus, conductive fabric can be made with any kind of color.
So the finished products will have broad range of color selection and achieve an 15 esthetic sense without monotonous impression.
Besides, the braided finished products can be used to many different applications, such as static elimination, electromagnetic wave shielding, cutting resistance, raw materials for conductive yarn and electrical pulse massager therapy etc. To summarize the above, the finished products of conductive fabric should have the 20 following advantages: 1. Large contact area 2. Suitable for any part of human body
( 3. Good gas permeation, son, comfortable and easy to use 4. Antiseptic, odor prevention and good hygiene effect 5. Good for repeated wash and compliant with environmental protection requirement 5 6. Low cost In general, the manufacturing process and its product for conductive fabric in the present invention show excellent performance as applied practically, which is sufficient to be considered as an innovation Accordingly the application is submitted for approval.

Claims (5)

Claims
1. A manufacturing process and its product for conductive fabric, characterized by following procedures: A. Raw material selection: 5 Raw materials include conductive metallic yarn and natural (staple) fiber, or far IR treated silk or elastic rubber silk, B. Braiding: Special equipment is used for braiding operation to wrap up natural fiber with metallic yarn to an extent that optimum density is achieved.
10 C. Weaving: Then above-mentioned coiled metallic yarn is subject to weaving operation through a special yarn-feeding device. In said process, rubber silk, stainless steel silk and wool are added to increase durability and fabricate into large area of conductive fabric with desired flatness, uniformity and durability.
15
2. The manufacturing process and its product for conductive fabric of Claim 1, wherein diameter of metallic yarn is between 0.035 0.08 mm.
3. The manufacturing process and its product for conductive fabric of Claim I, wherein natural fiber is wrapped up with metallic yarn to an extent that I cm natural fiber has 325 coils of metallic yarn.
20
4. The manufacturing process and its product for conductive fabric of Claim 1, wherein said conductive fabric can be fabricated into any type of finished products having conductive fasteners at a proper position and is connected through wire with a controller.
5. The manufacturing process and its product for conductive fabric of Claim 1, wherein said natural fiber raw material is subject to direct dying treatment, followed by braiding operation and weaving operation before finished products are made, thus, conductive fabric with broad range of color selection can be made.
GB0213891A 2002-06-17 2002-06-17 Conductive woven fabric Withdrawn GB2389861A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0213891A GB2389861A (en) 2002-06-17 2002-06-17 Conductive woven fabric
US10/174,986 US20030233743A1 (en) 2002-06-17 2002-06-20 Manufacturing process and its product for conductive fabric
DE10235114A DE10235114A1 (en) 2002-06-17 2002-08-01 Conductive fabric manufacturing method used for electrical pulse massager, involves adding rubber silk, stainless steel silk and wool to yarn, while weaving coiled metallic yarn

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0213891A GB2389861A (en) 2002-06-17 2002-06-17 Conductive woven fabric
US10/174,986 US20030233743A1 (en) 2002-06-17 2002-06-20 Manufacturing process and its product for conductive fabric
DE10235114A DE10235114A1 (en) 2002-06-17 2002-08-01 Conductive fabric manufacturing method used for electrical pulse massager, involves adding rubber silk, stainless steel silk and wool to yarn, while weaving coiled metallic yarn

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB0213891D0 GB0213891D0 (en) 2002-07-31
GB2389861A true GB2389861A (en) 2003-12-24

Family

ID=32180102

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB0213891A Withdrawn GB2389861A (en) 2002-06-17 2002-06-17 Conductive woven fabric

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20030233743A1 (en)
DE (1) DE10235114A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2389861A (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2011471A1 (en) * 2007-07-02 2009-01-07 Johnson & Johnson Consumer France SAS Foaming oil compositions
CN106037119A (en) * 2016-07-25 2016-10-26 信泰(福建)科技有限公司 Shoe upper manufacture method and integral woven shoe upper
CN113512816A (en) * 2021-04-20 2021-10-19 东华大学 Machine-washable and knittable electric heating composite yarn

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0185480A1 (en) * 1984-11-28 1986-06-25 Sauquoit Industries, Inc. Conductive continuous filament in a stretch fabric
SU1357022A1 (en) * 1985-03-06 1987-12-07 Новосибирский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Травматологии И Ортопедии Мз Рсфср Electrode
US4764779A (en) * 1985-04-11 1988-08-16 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electroconductive fibrous material
JPS63318010A (en) * 1987-06-22 1988-12-26 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd Flexible wiring plate

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US1516576A (en) * 1923-11-03 1924-11-25 Durell O Pease Method of and apparatus for making composite threads
US2458243A (en) * 1946-08-02 1949-01-04 Reynolds Metals Co Aluminum covered glass thread
US3987613A (en) * 1965-07-29 1976-10-26 Burlington Industries, Inc. Process for preparing textiles without static charge accumulation and resulting product
US3851456A (en) * 1973-07-24 1974-12-03 Nippon Seisen Co Ltd Antistatic yarn consisting of a mixture of metallic and nonmetallic fibers
JPS5421455B2 (en) * 1973-12-06 1979-07-31
US4680093A (en) * 1982-03-16 1987-07-14 American Cyanamid Company Metal bonded composites and process
USRE38136E1 (en) * 1985-08-16 2003-06-10 Supreme Elastic Corporation Cut resistant support yarn suitable for wrapping with an additional yarn covering
US4813219A (en) * 1987-05-08 1989-03-21 Coats & Clark Inc. Method and apparatus for making conductive yarn
US5318845A (en) * 1988-05-27 1994-06-07 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Conductive composite filament and process for producing the same
US5248548A (en) * 1991-11-22 1993-09-28 Memtec America Corporation Stainless steel yarn and protective garments
US5806295A (en) * 1994-04-22 1998-09-15 Robins; Steven D. Protective apparel, multiple core cut-resistant yarn, and method of constructing a multiple core cut-resistant yarn
US5927060A (en) * 1997-10-20 1999-07-27 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Electrically conductive yarn
US5881547A (en) * 1998-05-28 1999-03-16 China Textile Institute Conducting yarn

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0185480A1 (en) * 1984-11-28 1986-06-25 Sauquoit Industries, Inc. Conductive continuous filament in a stretch fabric
SU1357022A1 (en) * 1985-03-06 1987-12-07 Новосибирский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Травматологии И Ортопедии Мз Рсфср Electrode
US4764779A (en) * 1985-04-11 1988-08-16 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Electroconductive fibrous material
JPS63318010A (en) * 1987-06-22 1988-12-26 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd Flexible wiring plate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB0213891D0 (en) 2002-07-31
US20030233743A1 (en) 2003-12-25
DE10235114A1 (en) 2004-03-04

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