GB2380210A - Stiffening member for masonry panels - Google Patents
Stiffening member for masonry panels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2380210A GB2380210A GB0222540A GB0222540A GB2380210A GB 2380210 A GB2380210 A GB 2380210A GB 0222540 A GB0222540 A GB 0222540A GB 0222540 A GB0222540 A GB 0222540A GB 2380210 A GB2380210 A GB 2380210A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- stiffening member
- sheet
- extreme
- region
- thickness
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
- E04C3/07—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
- E04C2003/0421—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section comprising one single unitary part
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
- E04C2003/0434—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the open cross-section free of enclosed cavities
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
- E04C2003/046—L- or T-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
- E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
- E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
- E04C2003/0473—U- or C-shaped
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Signs Or Road Markings (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Abstract
A stiffening member for a masonry panel comprises a sheet of material defined by a number of regions including a neutral axis region 3 and one or more extreme regions 4 which are disposed at an extreme distance from the neutral axis region 3. A leading edge 5 of the sheet of material in the or each extreme region 4 is folded back on itself to produce an overlapping double layer 8 of material in the extreme region 4. Suitably the stiffening member is a windpost. The sheets of the overlapping double layer are generally separated by a gap 8 having a thickness less than a thickness of the sheet of material. Stiffening members formed in accordance with the invention can result in a material saving of about 20%. The invention also relates to a process for producing a stiffening member for a masonry panel.
Description
<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
STIFFENING MEMBER FOR MASONRY PANELS Introduction The invention relates to a stiffening member for a masonry panel, and particularly windposts, and methods of production thereof.
Windposts are structural members which are used to span vertically between members of the main structure of buildings and help to resist and distribute wind loading on masonry panels. They are known to be manufactured from stainless and carbon steels, in the form of angle sections, plain channel sections, lipped channel sections, tee sections and rectangular hollow sections. These sections can be standard rolled sections or, more commonly, be coldformed from plate or sheet metal. The method of tying the masonry panel to the post can be by means of lugs or ties permanently attached (e. g. welded) to the post, ties which attach moveably onto the
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
edges of the flanges of the post, ties which attach moveably between the lips of lipped channel sections or ties which attach moveably within slots formed in the flanges (s) and/or web of a section or any combination of the above.
It is a known principle of mechanics that, in a beam of any given section, certain regions of the section are subjected to higher bending stress than other regions. Every section has a"neutral axis"where there is no bending stress. The highest stresses occur in regions which are at the extreme distance from the neutral axis. Savings in cost and, therefore, improvements in efficiency can be made if there is more material in the section at the extreme regions and less near the neutral axis-hence the sectional shape of a normal universal beam (Isection).
Traditionally, in cold-formed windposts, made from plate or sheet metal in the form of angle or channel sections, the metal is distributed uniformly throughout the section, since they are made from material of uniform thickness.
Statements of Invention According to the invention there is provided a stiffening member for a masonry panel comprising a sheet of material defined by a number of regions including a neutral axis region and one or more extreme regions which are disposed at an extreme
<Desc/Clms Page number 3>
distance from the neutral axis region, wherein a leading edge of the sheet of material in the or each extreme region is folded back on itself to produce an overlapping double layer of material in the extreme region.
Stiffening members formed according to the invention have an effective thickness increase at the or each extreme location, while the region near the neutral axis remains the original thickness. By manipulation of dimensions, it is found that with a small increase in overall size of the section, material of half the original thickness can be used, folded at the extremes, to produce a section with structural properties at least equal to those of the original section of uniform.
Preferably, the stiffening member is a windpost.
Suitably, the stiffening member has a uniform crosssection.
Tradition teaches that, in order to avoid cracking of the metal at the outside of a bend when cold forming sheet or plate material, the internal radius of any bend should not be less than the thickness of the material and, preferably, should be at least one-and-a-half to two times material thickness.
From this, it is obvious that, when bent back on itself, there would be, at best, a gap between the folded sections equal to twice the thickness of the material and, possibly, four times the thickness of the material. This presents problems in forming
<Desc/Clms Page number 4>
slots for the attachment of ties since they are very difficult to punch after the material has been folded and very difficult to align if punched before folding. Further, when there is a sizeable gap between the folded metal, the significant"spring" in the thinner material can result in greater movement of the tie than is suitable for its effective application.
Accordingly, the sheets of the overlapping double layer are generally separated by a gap having a thickness less than a thickness of the sheet of material. In one particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the overlapping sheets in the double layer substantially abut, ideally leaving no significant gap therebetween. Stiffening members formed in accordance with the invention can result in a material saving of about 20%.
Preferably, the sheets of the double layer are fixed in a folded arrangement. This can be achieved by any suitable fixing means such as, for example, gluing, arc welding, resistance welding, mechanical fixings such as bolts, screws, rivets etc, or deforming localised areas of the metal to form a mechanically interlocking connection means. Such a mechanically interlocking connection means can be formed as a discrete unit or be incorporated into the punching of slots in the panel.
Typically, the stiffening members are formed from stainless and carbon steels, and may be in the form
<Desc/Clms Page number 5>
of angle sections, plain channel sections, lipped channel sections, tee sections, or rectangular hollow sections. These sections may be standard rolled sections or cold-formed from plate or sheet metal. Typically, the sheet of material will have a thickness of less than 4mm, preferably greater than or equel to lmm, more preferably about 2 to 3mm.
Ideally, the gap between overlapping sheets in the extreme region is less than 75%, preferably less than 50%, more preferably less than 25%, of the thickness of the sheet of material. In one embodiment of the invention, the gap between overlapping sheets in the extreme region is between about 0.5 and 1. 0 mm.
The invention also relates to a process for producing a stiffening member for a masonry panel, which process comprises the steps of providing a sheet of material defined by a number of regions including a neutral axis region and one or more extreme regions which are disposed at an extreme distance from the neutral axis region, and folding a leading edge of the sheet material in the or each extreme region back on itself to produce a double layer of material in the or each extreme region. In forming the double layer in the extreme region, the leading edge of the sheet of material is preferably bent beyond about 90 degrees before being pressed substantially flat against the overlapping part of the sheet of material. Typically, a radius in a curve of the bend is also pressed into a substantially flat configuration. The process
<Desc/Clms Page number 6>
typically also includes a further step of forming slots in the stiffening member, and particularly in the extreme regions of the member. Generally, the slots are formed by punching. Ideally, the stiffening member is a windpost.
Description of the Drawings The invention will be more clearly understood from the following description of some embodiments thereof, given by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Fig. 1A is an illustration of a section of a conventional windpost; - Fig. 1B is an illustration of a section of a windpost according to the invention; - Fig. 2A is an illustration of a section of a further conventional windpost; - Fig. 2B is an illustration of a section of a windpost according to a further embodiment of the invention; - Fig. 3 is a plan view of a slot formed in an extreme region of the windpost of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line
A-A of Fig. 3; and - Fig. 5 is a detail of the section of Fig. 4.
Detailed Description
<Desc/Clms Page number 7>
Referring to the drawings, and initially to Fig lA, there is illustrated a section of a conventional windpost A comprising a central region B and extreme regions C, the material forming the windpost having a thickness of 4mm. Referring to Fig. 1B there is illustrated a windpost according to the invention and indicated generally be the reference numeral 1.
The windpost 1 (which again is shown in section) comprises a sheet of stainless steel 2 which is formed into a neutral axis region 3 and extreme regions 4 which are disposed at an extreme distance from the neutral axis region 3. A leading edge 5 of the sheet of stainless steel 2 in each extreme region 4 is folded back on itself to produce a double layer of material 8 in the extreme region, wherein each sheet of the double layer 8 are separated by a gap 9 having a thickness less than a thickness of the sheet of material. In this embodiment, the sheet of stainless steel has a thickness of 2mm and the gap between the sheets of the double layer 8 is about 1mm.
The windpost according to the invention uses 19% less steel than the conventional windpost illustrated, without sacrificing any structural properties.
Referring to Figs 2A and 2B, there is illustrated a conventional windpost, and a windpost according to a further embodiment of the invention, respectively, in which parts similar to those identified with reference to the previous embodiments are given the
<Desc/Clms Page number 8>
same reference numerals. The windpost of Fig. 2B has a sheet thickness of 2mm, a gap of about 0.5mm, and has structural properties which are the equivalent of the conventional windpost of Fig. 2A while using 17% less steel in its manufacture.
Referring to Figs. 3 to 5, there is illustrated part of a extreme region of the windpost 1 of Fig. 2B showing a slot 10 punched through the double layer of material 8.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments hereinbefore described which may be varied in both construction and detail without departing from the spirit of the invention. Thus, although the stiffening members illustrated above are both windposts, it should be understood that the invention may be applied to other types of stiffening members.
Claims (25)
- Claims 1. A stiffening member for a masonry panel comprising a sheet of material defined by a number of regions including a neutral axis region and one or more extreme regions which are disposed at an extreme distance from the neutral axis region, wherein a leading edge of the sheet of material in the or each extreme region is folded back on itself to produce an overlapping double layer of material in the extreme region.
- 2. A stiffening member as claimed in Claim 1 which is a windpost.
- 3. A stiffening member as Claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 in which the sheet of material has a uniform cross-section.
- 4. A stiffening member as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the sheets of the overlapping double layer are generally separated by a gap having a thickness less than a thickness of the sheet of material.
- 5. A stiffening member as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the overlapping sheets in the double layer substantially abut, leaving no significant gap therebetween.
- 6. A stiffening member as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the sheets of the double layer are fixed in a folded arrangement.<Desc/Clms Page number 10>
- 7. A stiffening member as claimed in Claim 6 in which the sheets of the double layer are fixed by fixing means, which fixing means are selected from the group comprising: gluing, arc welding, resistance welding, mechanical fixings such as bolts, screws, rivets, and mechanically interlocking connecting means formed by deforming localised areas of the sheet of material.
- 8. A stiffening member as claimed in Claim 7 in which the mechanically interlocking connecting means can be formed as a discrete unit or be incorporated into the punching of slots in the panel.
- 9. A stiffening member as claimed in any preceding Claim formed from stainless or carbon steel.
- 10. A stiffening member as claimed in any preceding Claim in the form of an angle section, a plain channel section, a lipped channel section, a tee section, or a rectangular hollow section.
- 11. A stiffening member as claimed in any preceding Claim which is a standard rolled section or cold-formed from plate or sheet metal.
- 12. A stiffening member as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the sheet of material has a thickness of between 1 mm and 4mm.
- 13. A stiffening member as claimed in Claim 12 in which the sheet of material has a thickness of about 2 to 3mm.<Desc/Clms Page number 11>
- 14. A stiffening member as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the gap between overlapping sheets in the extreme region is less than 75% of the thickness of the sheet of material.
- 15. A stiffening member as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the gap between overlapping sheets in the extreme region is less than 50% of the thickness of the sheet of material.
- 16. A stiffening member as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the gap between overlapping sheets in the extreme region is less than 25% of the thickness of the sheet of material.
- 17. A stiffening member as claimed in any preceding Claim in which the gap between overlapping sheets in the extreme region is between about 0.5 and 1. 0 mm.
- 18. A stiffening member substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
- 19. A process for producing a stiffening member for a masonry panel such as a windpost, which process comprises the steps of providing a sheet of material defined by a number of regions including a neutral axis region and one or more extreme regions which are disposed at an extreme distance from the neutral axis region, and folding a leading edge of the sheet material in the or each extreme region back on itself to produce a double layer of material in the or each extreme region.<Desc/Clms Page number 12>
- 20. A process as claimed in Claim 20 in which the leading edge of the sheet of material is preferably bent beyond about 90 degrees before being pressed substantially flat against the overlapping part of the sheet of material.
- 21. A process as claimed in Claim 20 in which a curve of the bend is pressed into a substantially flat configuration.
- 22. A process as claimed in any of Claims 19 to 21 which includes a further step of forming at least one slot in the panel.
- 23. A process as claimed in Claim 22 in which the at least one slot is formed in an extreme region of the panel.
- 24. A process as claimed in Claim 22 or 23 in which at least one slot is formed by punching.
- 25. A process substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying description.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB0123307A GB0123307D0 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Improvements in and relating to masonry panels |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB0222540D0 GB0222540D0 (en) | 2002-11-06 |
GB2380210A true GB2380210A (en) | 2003-04-02 |
Family
ID=9922844
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB0123307A Ceased GB0123307D0 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Improvements in and relating to masonry panels |
GB0222540A Withdrawn GB2380210A (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-30 | Stiffening member for masonry panels |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB0123307A Ceased GB0123307D0 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Improvements in and relating to masonry panels |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (2) | GB0123307D0 (en) |
IE (1) | IE20020787A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011125894A (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-30 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Light channel steel with thickness of web part being different from total thickness of flange part, and method for producing the same |
GB2562333A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2018-11-14 | Acs Stainless Steel Fixings Ltd | A windpost |
GB2569970A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2019-07-10 | Ancon Ltd | A stiffening device |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4455806A (en) * | 1978-06-12 | 1984-06-26 | Rice Donald W | Structural building member |
JPH02296952A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1990-12-07 | Mitsui Constr Co Ltd | Manufacture of structural steel member |
FR2681933A1 (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 1993-04-02 | Est Profiles Tubes | Section constructed by cold-forming a strip of steel |
US5454203A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1995-10-03 | Saf-T-Corp | Frame brace |
JPH1061099A (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 1998-03-03 | Natl House Ind Co Ltd | Long-sized member for construction |
WO2000017463A1 (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2000-03-30 | Ben Vautier S.P.A. | Modular h-beam |
-
2001
- 2001-09-28 GB GB0123307A patent/GB0123307D0/en not_active Ceased
-
2002
- 2002-09-30 IE IE20020787A patent/IE20020787A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-09-30 GB GB0222540A patent/GB2380210A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4455806A (en) * | 1978-06-12 | 1984-06-26 | Rice Donald W | Structural building member |
JPH02296952A (en) * | 1989-05-09 | 1990-12-07 | Mitsui Constr Co Ltd | Manufacture of structural steel member |
US5454203A (en) * | 1990-08-30 | 1995-10-03 | Saf-T-Corp | Frame brace |
FR2681933A1 (en) * | 1991-09-26 | 1993-04-02 | Est Profiles Tubes | Section constructed by cold-forming a strip of steel |
JPH1061099A (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 1998-03-03 | Natl House Ind Co Ltd | Long-sized member for construction |
WO2000017463A1 (en) * | 1998-09-17 | 2000-03-30 | Ben Vautier S.P.A. | Modular h-beam |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011125894A (en) * | 2009-12-17 | 2011-06-30 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Light channel steel with thickness of web part being different from total thickness of flange part, and method for producing the same |
GB2562333A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2018-11-14 | Acs Stainless Steel Fixings Ltd | A windpost |
GB2562333B (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2021-09-29 | Acs Stainless Steel Fixings Ltd | A windpost |
GB2569970A (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2019-07-10 | Ancon Ltd | A stiffening device |
GB2569970B (en) * | 2018-01-04 | 2021-02-10 | Ancon Ltd | A stiffening device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IE20020787A1 (en) | 2003-04-16 |
GB0222540D0 (en) | 2002-11-06 |
GB0123307D0 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |