GB2377312A - Alarm system with variable triggering delay to allow for completion of the disarming procedure - Google Patents

Alarm system with variable triggering delay to allow for completion of the disarming procedure Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2377312A
GB2377312A GB0209933A GB0209933A GB2377312A GB 2377312 A GB2377312 A GB 2377312A GB 0209933 A GB0209933 A GB 0209933A GB 0209933 A GB0209933 A GB 0209933A GB 2377312 A GB2377312 A GB 2377312A
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control unit
alarm
time delay
intruder
procedural
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GB2377312B (en
GB0209933D0 (en
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Ian Stephen Bell
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/008Alarm setting and unsetting, i.e. arming or disarming of the security system

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an alarm system for a building or a vehicle which is capable of detecting an intruder comprising: a control unit capable of being activate or deactivated; at least one sensor connected to the control unit capable of detecting an intruder; a control system connected to the control unit for activating and deactivating the control unit; the control unit, when activated, sounds an alarm upon detection of an intruder by the sensor; the control system for deactivating the alarm system comprising at least two procedural steps to deactivate the control unit; wherein there is provided a time delay after the alarm being activated during which the control system does not sound the alarm when the sensor detects an intruder charaterised in that, when the control system is deactivated during the time delay, upon completion of at least one of the procedural steps prior to the last procedural step, the duration of the time delay is extended. In addition, it covers an alarm system having a time delay between the sensor detecting an intruders and the control system sounding the alarm to enable the control unit to be deactivated during that period wherein upon completion of at least one of the procedural steps prior to the last procedural step, the duration of the time delay is extended.

Description

<Desc/Clms Page number 1>
Alarm System The present invention relates to an alarm system for the detection of intruders within a building or vehicle, and in particular to either: an alarm system which has a control system where the alarm can be deactivated located within the building or vehicle and which detects a person when they enter the building to deactivate the alarm but which provides a period of time between the detection of the person and the sounding of the alarm to enable the person to get to the control system to deactivate the alarm; or an alarm system which has a control system, where the alarm system can be activated, located within the building or vehicle and which are activated by the person whilst located within the building or vehicle but which provides a period of time to enable the person to leave the building.
Many buildings such as houses, offices and factories and vehicles such as boats, cars, trains, planes or lorries have alarm systems fitted. The purpose of these alarms is to detect the presence of intruders. When an intruder enters the building or vehicle, either through a window or door or hole made either in the roof or walls, the alarm detects the intruder and sounds an alarm. The sounding of the alarm can be in the form of the ringing of a bell or sounding of a siren. In addition to or instead of, the alarm may activate locking mechanisms to isolate certain areas within the building or vehicle and/or make an automatic telephone call to a security centre to notify them of the intruder.
<Desc/Clms Page number 2>
Detection of an intruder can be conducted using well known devices such as infra red sensors, ultra sonic alarms etc which are well known in the art. These features of alarm systems do not form part of the present invention and therefore will not be discussed further.
With many of these systems, the control unit, which contains the electronics for the alarm system, is located within the building or vehicle itself. There are two ways for a person of activating and deactivating such an alarm without triggering the alarm.
Firstly, the person can activate or deactivate the alarm remotely. This is a common method for car alarms. The person exits the vehicle and closes all the doors and windows.
The alarm is then activated whilst the person is stood outside of the vehicle using a transmitter such as a radio transmitter or an infra red transmitter. As the person is outside of the vehicle, the alarm is not triggered. Similarly, the person deactivates the alarm remotely using the transmitter prior to entering the vehicle. However, this requires the use of a transmitter which is not always practical and/or desirable.
Secondly, the person can activate and deactivate the alarm system using a control panel connected to the control box located within the building or vehicle. The activation and deactivation of the alarm often involves a number of procedural steps such as keying in a numeric code by pushing a number of buttons sequentially on a key pad. In addition to this, a key may be required to be inserted into a lock barrel and rotated. The alarm system incorporates a delay between the alarm being activated and responding to signals received
<Desc/Clms Page number 3>
from the sensors. This enables the person who sets the alarm system to leave the vehicle or building without triggering the alarm. The delay may only covers signal received from certain sensors. Therefore, triggering some sensors during the period of the delay will activate the alarm regardless. This restricts the routes that the person can take to exit the building or vehicle The delay provides a sufficient period of time to enable the person to exit the building. Upon entry into the building there is further provided a delay between the sensor sensing the person entering the building and alarm commencing to sound. This allows a person to enter the building to deactivate the alarm without setting the alarm off.
Again the delay may only cover signals received from certain sensors. Therefore, triggering some sensors will activate the alarm regardless.
The problem with providing these time periods is that they are fixed. This is a particular problem for house alarms. A person entering a building has to deactivate it within the predetermined time. If the person is carrying an item or is intoxicated or it is dark, the person may not get to the control panel in time and carry out all the procedural steps to deactivate the alarm within the time delay. Thus the alarm will be triggered. Similarly, if a person activates the alarm and commences to leave the building or vehicle within the preset period of time and then decides to deactivate the alarm within that period, the person may not get to the control box in time and carry out all the procedural steps to deactivate the alarm within the remainder of the time delay. Again the alarm will be triggered. The sounding of an alarm can be irritable to neighbours. Furthermore, if the system automatically calls a security centre, it can create a false alarm, wasting time and money.
<Desc/Clms Page number 4>
The time periods can be extended. However, this results in the problem that if it is too long an intruder can enter the building or vehicle and steal items or damage or destroy the alarm system prior to it being set off.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an alarm system for a building or a vehicle which is capable of detecting an intruder comprising: a control unit capable of being activated or deactivated; at least one sensor connected to the control unit capable of detecting an intruder; a control system connected to the control unit by which the control unit can activated or deactivated by the implementation of activation or deactivation procedures; the control unit, when activated, sounding an alarm upon detection of an intruder by the sensor; the deactivation procedure for deactivating the alarm system comprising at least two procedural steps to deactivate the control unit; wherein there is provided a time delay following the deactivation of the control unit during which the control unit does not sound the alarm when the sensor detects an intruder charaterised in that, whilst the control unit is being deactivated during the time delay, upon completion of at least one of the procedural steps prior to the last procedural step, the duration of the time delay is extended.
According to the second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an alarm system for a building or a vehicle which is capable of detecting an intruder comprising:
<Desc/Clms Page number 5>
a control unit capable of being activated or deactivated; at least one sensor connected to the control unit capable of detecting an intruder; a control system connected to the control unit by which the control unit is deactivated by the implementation of a deactivation procedure; the control unit, when activated, sounding an alarm upon detection of an intruder by the sensor; the deactivation procedure for deactivating the alarm system comprising at least two procedural steps to deactivate the control unit; wherein there is provided a time delay between the sensor detecting an intruder and the control unit sounding the alarm to enable the control unit to be deactivated during the time delay charaterised in that, whilst the control unit is being deactivated during the time delay, upon completion of at least one of the procedural steps prior to the last procedural step, the duration of the time delay is extended.
By extending the time delay, it allows a person entering the building or vehicle extra time to complete the task. However, if the person is unable to perform the procedural steps, then no extension to the time delay is provided, and therefore provides the person less time to enter the building or vehicle and steal items or damage or destroy the alarm system prior to it being set off. The above invention also enables a shorter initial time delay to be provided than that given on conventional alarm whilst providing an overall delay which is considerably longer to someone who is able to perform all the procedural steps to deactivate the alarm system.
<Desc/Clms Page number 6>
The procedural step can comprise the depression of a button, for example to enter a number of a code, the turning of a lock barrel using a key, the activation of a sensor by the use of a thumb/finger print, the positive scan of an eye retina, the positive recognition of facial features, a swiping of a key, credit, identity or swipe card, or the receipt of a signal by a transmitter. However, it will be appreciated that any step involved in the deactivation of an alarm system will be covered.
The extension of the time delay for any of the procedural steps excluding the last procedural step can be a preset fixed amount.
Alternatively, the delay for a procedural step excluding the last procedural step is a function of the probability of randomly performing that procedural step or a function of randomly performing all the procedural steps up to that point. The chances of randomly turning a lock barrel are small. Either you have an appropriate key or you do not.
Therefore, the time extension can be longer than that provide by the depression of a button which has a far higher chance of being randomly selected.
As another alternative, the time delay can be restarted when at least one of the procedural steps excluding the last procedural step is completed.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the falling drawings of which :- Figure I shows a diagram of the layout of a flat;
<Desc/Clms Page number 7>
Figure 2 shows a diagram of the alarm system; and Figure 3 shows a a diagram of the control panel.
Referring to figure 1, a flat comprises three bed rooms 2,4, 6, a kitchen 8, a living room 10, a dining room 12, a bath room 14 and a hall way 16. The hallway 16 leads to a front door 18 which enables the occupant to enter into or exit the flat.
Mounted on the wall of the hall way 16 is a control unit 20 for an alarm system (shown in Figure 2). In each of the rooms, the bedrooms 2,4, 6, kitchen 8, living room 10, dining
room 12, bath room 14 and hall way 16 is located an infra red sensor 22 which connects via cables 24 to the control unit 20. The infra red sensors 22 detect the movement of bodies, animal or human, and send a signal via the cables 24 to the control unit when the movement of a body is detected. Located within the door 18 is a permanent magnet (not shown). A magnetic sensor 26 is mounted within the frame of the front door 18 and, when the door is closed, is in close proximity to the magnet. The magnet is able to detect when the door 18 opens or closes. The magnetic sensor 26 connects to the control unit 20 via a cable 28. The magnetic sensor 26 sends a signal to the control unit 20 when it senses the door 18 opening. A siren 40 is connected to the control unit 20 via a cable 42 which is sounded by the control unit 20 when the alarm is triggered.
Mounted in the hallway 16 is a key pad 30 which acts as a control system. The key pad 30 is connected to the control unit 20 via a cable 34. In order to activate the alarm, a four digit code has to be entered into the key pad 30. The code is entered into the key pad 30
<Desc/Clms Page number 8>
by pressing the buttons 32 on the key pad 30 which correspond to the relevant number in correct sequential order (see Figure 3). The depression of a button 32 is regarded as a procedural step of activating the alarm system. Similarly, in order to deactivate the alarm, a code has to be entered into the key pad 30. The code is entered into the key pad 30 by pressing the buttons 32 on the key pad 30 which correspond to the relevant number in correct sequential order. Again, the depression of a button 32 is regarded as a procedural step of deactivating the alarm system.
In order to enable the person to leave the flat without triggering the alarm once they have activated the alarm, a time delay is provided after the alarm has been activated during which the control unit 20 does not sound the alarm when the infra red sensor 22 in the hall way 16 or the magnetic sensor 26 in the door frame detects the person during that period as they leave. However, if the person, having activated the alarm, enters the bedrooms 2,4, 6, bath room 14, living room 10, dining room 12 or kitchen 14, the alarm immediately sounds as there is no delay in relation to these sensors 22.
In order to enable the person to enter the flat without triggering the alarm whilst it is activated, a time delay is provided between the infra red sensor 22 in the hall way 16 or the magnetic sensor 26 in the door frame detecting the person as they enter the flat and the alarm sounding during which the alarm system can be deactivated. However, if the person enters the bedrooms 2,4, 6, bath room 14, living room 10, dining room 12 or kitchen 14 before deactivated the alarm within this time period, the alarm immediately sounds as there is no delay in relation to these sensors 22 triggering the alarm system.
<Desc/Clms Page number 9>
The period of time set for each of the time delays is 30 seconds.
With regard to entering the flat to deactivate the alarm, once the person has commenced deactivating the alarm the time delay is extended, each time extension being provided on completion of a procedural step excluding the last procedural step of the deactivation process.
In a first mode of operation, the period of the time delay is extended by ten seconds for each of the procedural steps completed prior to the last one. When a person enters the flat, the infra red sensor 22 in the hall and magnetic sensor 26 in the door 18 detect the presence of the person and send a signal to the control unit 20. The control unit 20 starts the delay period. If after 30 seconds the first procedural step of pressing a relevant button 32 has not taken place, the control unit 20 sounds the alarm. Upon depression of the button 32, say after 23 seconds after the start of the delay period, the time period is extended by 10 seconds to 40 seconds, leaving the person 17 seconds remaining to carry out the second procedural step with out setting off the alarm. Upon entry of the second number of the code by depression of the corresponding button 32, say at 36 seconds after the start of the delay period, another 10 seconds is added so that there 14 seconds remaining prior to the alarm being sounded. This process is repeated for the entry of the third number of the code so that the full time delay is then 60 seconds. Upon entry of the fourth code number, the alarm is deactivated.
<Desc/Clms Page number 10>
In a second mode of operation, the period of the time delay is extended by ten seconds for each of the procedural steps completed prior to the last one if the period of time of the delay remaining is less than ten seconds, the extra ten seconds commencing upon completion of that procedural step. When a person enters the flat, the infra red sensor 22 in the hall 16 and magnetic sensor 26 in the door 18 detect the presence of the person and send a signal to the control unit 20. The control unit 20 starts the delay period. If after 30 seconds the first procedural step of pressing the appropriate button 32 has not taken place, the control unit sounds the alarm. Upon entry of the first number by depression of the first button 32, say after 18 seconds after the start of the delay period, the time delay is not extended. Upon entry of the second first number of the code by depression of a corresponding button 32, say at 26 seconds after the start of the delay period, another 10 seconds is added, the ten seconds commencing at 26 seconds so that there 10 seconds remaining prior to the alarm being sounded, the total delay now being 36 seconds. This process is repeated for the entry of the third number of the code. Upon entry of the fourth code number, the alarm is deactivated.
In a third mode of operation, the period of the time delay is extended by same period of time that has elapsed since the time period began ie the 30 second time delay period is restarted. When a person enters the flat, the infra red sensor 32 in the hall 16 and magnetic sensor 26 in the door 18 detect the presence of the person and sends a signal to the control unit 20. The control unit 20 starts the delay period. If after 30 seconds the first procedural step has not taken place, the control unit 20 sounds the alarm. Upon entry of the first number of the code by depression of a button 32, say after 27 seconds after the
<Desc/Clms Page number 11>
start of the delay period, the time period is restarted, leaving the person another 30 seconds to carry out the second procedural step with out setting off the alarm. Upon entry of the second number of the code by depression of a corresponding button 32, say at 36 seconds after the start of the delay period, the time delay period is restarted, again leaving another 30 seconds remaining prior to the alarm being sound. This process is repeated for the entry of the third number of the code. Upon entry of the fourth code number, the alarm is deactivated.
In a fourth mode of operation, the period by which the time delay is extended for each procedural step varies. The variation is a function of the probability of successfully completing all the procedural steps by random selection up to that point. When a person enters the flat, the infra red sensor 22 in the hall 16 and magnetic sensor 26 in the door 18 detect the presence of the person and sends a signal to the control unit 20. The control unit 20 starts the delay period. If after 30 seconds the first procedural step of entering the first code number by depression of a button 32 has not taken place, the control unit 20 sounds the alarm. Upon depression of the button 32, say after 23 seconds after the start of the delay period, the time period is extended by 10 seconds to 40 seconds, leaving the person 17 seconds remaining to carry out the second procedural step with out setting off the alarm. Upon entry of the second number of the code by depression of a corresponding button 32, say at 36 seconds after the start of the delay period, another 20 seconds is added If the intruder does not know the code, they have 1 in 10 chance of randomly selecting the first number of the code correctly. However, the intruder would have 1 in 100 chance of randomly selecting the first two numbers of the code correctly. Therefore,
<Desc/Clms Page number 12>
the time delay can be extended by a grater amount after the completion of the second procedural step. Upon entry of the third number of the code by depression of a corresponding button 32, another 30 seconds is added. Again, the reason for increasing the amount by which the time delay is extended is that, assuming the intruder does not know the code, they have 1 in 1000 chance of randomly selecting the first three numbers of the code correctly. Upon entry of the fourth code number, the alarm is deactivated.
It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the amount by which the time delay is increased by the completion of procedural step can be a function of how difficult it is to randomly carry our that particular step. For example, if the procedural step comprised the alarm system successfully conducting a retina scan, the probability of it being false is very small, far less than being able to randomly select a button 32 correctly.
As such, the time extension can be considerably increased for a retina scan in relation to that provided by successfully pressing the correct button 32.
With regard to activating the alarm and start to leave the flat and then deciding to deactivate the alarm to remain in the flat, once the person has commenced deactivating the alarm the time delay is extended, each time extension being provided on completion of a procedural step excluding the last procedural step of the deactivation process.
In a first mode of operation, the period of the time delay is extended by ten seconds for each of the procedural steps completed prior to the last one. When a person activates the alarm, the control unit 20 starts the delay period to enable the person to leave. However,
<Desc/Clms Page number 13>
should the person wish to remain in the flat, they must deactivate the alarm. If after 30 seconds of activating the alarm, the first procedural step of the deactivation procedure consisting of entering the first digit of the code by depression of the appropriate button 32, the control unit 20 sounds the alarm. Upon entering the first digit of the code by depression of the appropriate button 32, say after 23 seconds after the start of the delay period, the time period is extended by 10 seconds to 40 seconds, leaving the person 17 seconds remaining to carry out the second procedural step with out setting off the alarm.
Upon entry of the second number of the code by depression of a corresponding button 32, say at 36 seconds after the start of the delay period, another 10 seconds is added so that there 14 seconds remaining prior to the alarm being sound. This process is repeated for the entry of the third number of the code so that the full time delay is then 60 seconds.
Upon entry of the fourth code number, the alarm is deactivated.
In a second mode of operation, the period of the time delay is extended by ten seconds for each of the procedural steps completed prior to the last one if the period of time of the delay remaining is less than ten seconds, the extra ten seconds commencing upon completion of that procedural step. When a person activates the alarm, the control unit 20 starts the delay period to enable the person to leave. However, should the person wish to remain in the flat, they must deactivate the alarm. If after 30 seconds of activating the alarm, the first procedural step of the deactivation procedure consisting of entering the first digit of the code by depression of the appropriate button 32 has not taken place, the control unit 20 sounds the alarm. Upon entering the first digit of the code by depression of the appropriate button 32, say after 18 seconds after the start of the delay period, the
<Desc/Clms Page number 14>
time period is not extended. Upon entry of the second number of the code by depression of a corresponding button 32, say at 26 seconds after the start of the delay period, another 10 seconds is added, the period commencing at 26 seconds so that there 10 seconds remaining prior to the alarm being sound, the total delay now being 36 seconds. This process is repeated for the entry of the third number of the code. Upon entry of the fourth code number, the alarm is deactivated.
In a third mode of operation, the period of the time delay is extended by same period of time that has elapsed since the time period began ie the 30 second time delay period is restarted. When a person activates the alarm, the control unit 20 starts the delay period to enable the person to leave. However, should the person wish to remain in the flat, they must deactivate the alarm. If after 30 seconds of activating the alarm, the first procedural step of the deactivation procedure consisting of entering the first digit of the code by depression of the appropriate button 32 has not taken place, the control unit 20 sounds the alarm. Upon entering the first digit of the code by depression of the appropriate button 32, say after 27 seconds after the start of the delay period, the time period is restarted, leaving the person another 30 seconds to carry out the second procedural step with out setting off the alarm. Upon entry of the second number of the code by depression of a corresponding button 32, say at 36 seconds after the start of the delay period, the time delay period is restarted, again leaving another 30 seconds remaining prior to the alarm being sound.
This process is repeated for the entry of the third number of the code. Upon entry of the fourth code number, the alarm is deactivated.
<Desc/Clms Page number 15>
In a fourth mode of operation, the period by which the time delay is extended for each procedural step varies. The variation is a function dependent upon the probability of randomly selecting all the correct procedural steps up to that point. When a person activates the alarm, the control unit 20 starts the delay period to enable the person to leave. However, should the person wish to remain in the flat, they must deactivate the alarm. If after 30 seconds of activating the alarm, the first procedural step of the deactivation procedure consisting of entering the first digit of the code by depression of the appropriate button 32 has not taken place, the control unit 20 sounds the alarm. Upon entering the first digit of the code by depression of the appropriate button 32, say after 23 seconds after the start of the delay period, the time period is extended by 10 seconds to 40 seconds, leaving the person 17 seconds remaining to carry out the second procedural step with out setting off the alarm. Upon entry of the second number of the code by depression of a corresponding button 32, say at 36 seconds after the start of the delay period, another 20 seconds is added. The chances of randomly completing the first procedural step successfully (eg the person does not know the code) is 1 in 10. The reason for increasing the amount by which the time delay is extended upon completion of the second procedural step is that, they have 1 in 100 chance of successfully guessing the first two numbers of the code correctly. Upon entry of the third number of the code by depression of a corresponding button 32, another 30 seconds is added. Again, the reason for increasing the amount by which the time delay is extended is that they have 1 in 1000 chance of successfully guessing the first three numbers of the code correctly. Upon entry of the fourth code number, the alarm is deactivated.
<Desc/Clms Page number 16>
It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the amount by which the time delay is increased by a procedural step can be a function of how difficult it is to randomly carry our that particular step. For example, if the procedural step comprised the alarm system successfully conducting a retina scan, the probability of it being false is very small, far less than being able to randomly select a button 32 correctly. As such, the time extension can be considerably increased in relation to that provided by successfully pressing the correct button 32.

Claims (5)

  1. CLAIMS 1 An alarm system for a building or a vehicle which is capable of detecting an intruder comprising : a control unit capable of being activated or deactivated; at least one sensor connected to the control unit capable of detecting an intruder; a control system connected to the control unit by which the control unit can be activated or deactivated by the implementation of activation or deactivation procedures; the control unit, when activated, sounds an alarm upon detection of an intruder by the sensor; the deactivation procedure for deactivating the alarm system comprising at least two procedural steps to deactivate the control unit; wherein there is provided a time delay following the activation of the control unit during which the control unit does not sound the alarm when the sensor detects an intruder charaterised in that, whilst the control system is being deactivated during the time delay, upon completion of at least one of the procedural steps prior to the last procedural step, the duration of the time delay is extended.
    2 An alarm system for a building or a vehicle which is capable of detecting an intruder comprising : a control unit capable of being activated or deactivated; at least one sensor connected to the control unit capable of detecting an intruder;
    <Desc/Clms Page number 18>
    a control system connected to the control unit by which the control unit is deactivated by the implementation of a deactivation procedure; the control unit, when activated, sounding an alarm upon detection of an intruder by the sensor; the deactivation procedure for deactivating the alarm system comprising at least two procedural steps to deactivate the control unit; wherein there is provided a time delay between the sensor detecting an intruder and the control unit sounding the alarm to enable the control unit to be deactivated during that time delay charaterised in that, whilst the control unit is being deactivated during the time delay, upon completion of at least one of the procedural steps prior to the last procedural step, the duration of the time delay is extended.
  2. 2 An alarm system as claimed in either of claims 1 or 2 wherein the procedural step comprises depression of a button, the turning of a lock barrel using a key, the activation of a sensor by the use of a thumb/finger print, a positive scan of an eye retina, facial recognition, a swiping of a key, credit, identity or swipe card, or the receipt of a signal by a transmitter.
  3. 3 An alarm system as claimed in any one of the previous claim wherein the extension of the time delay for at least one of the procedural steps excluding the last procedural step is a preset fixed amount.
    <Desc/Clms Page number 19>
  4. 4 An alarm system as claimed in any one of the previous claim wherein the delay for at least one of the procedural steps excluding the last procedural step is a function of the probability of randomly performing that procedural step or a function of randomly performing all the procedural steps up to that point.
  5. 5 An alarm system as claimed in any one of the previous claim wherein the time delay is restarted when at least one of the procedural steps excluding the last procedural step is completed.
GB0209933A 2002-05-01 2002-05-01 Alarm system Expired - Fee Related GB2377312B (en)

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2177529A (en) * 1983-03-29 1987-01-21 Hwang Shih Ming Alarm systems

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2177529A (en) * 1983-03-29 1987-01-21 Hwang Shih Ming Alarm systems

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GB0209933D0 (en) 2002-06-05

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20060501