GB2352451A - An Emergency Fuel - Google Patents

An Emergency Fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2352451A
GB2352451A GB9923338A GB9923338A GB2352451A GB 2352451 A GB2352451 A GB 2352451A GB 9923338 A GB9923338 A GB 9923338A GB 9923338 A GB9923338 A GB 9923338A GB 2352451 A GB2352451 A GB 2352451A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
emergency fuel
fuel
additive
emergency
cold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9923338A
Other versions
GB2352451B (en
GB9923338D0 (en
Inventor
Irwin L Goldblatt
Richard Tittel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Castrol Ltd
Original Assignee
Castrol Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Castrol Ltd filed Critical Castrol Ltd
Publication of GB9923338D0 publication Critical patent/GB9923338D0/en
Priority to CA 2314370 priority Critical patent/CA2314370A1/en
Publication of GB2352451A publication Critical patent/GB2352451A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2352451B publication Critical patent/GB2352451B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/228—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles
    • C10L1/2286—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen double bond, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones, imines; containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen triple bond, e.g. nitriles containing one or more carbon to nitrogen triple bonds, e.g. nitriles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
    • C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/1811—Organic compounds containing oxygen peroxides; ozonides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/226—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-nitrogen bond, e.g. azo compounds, azides, hydrazines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites

Abstract

An emergency fuel for a vehicle, i.e. a fuel that can be used when a vehicle is low on fuel or runs out of fuel. The emergency fuel comprises a hydrocarbon solvent having a flash point of at least 100{F and a cold starting additive. The cold starting additive is preferably selected from at least one of the following types of compounds: peroxides, azo compounds, cyano compounds or cetane improvers. The emergency fuel is safe to store until it is required in an emergency. The emergency fuel is capable of starting a cold engine.

Description

2352451 An gMergency Fuel
Field of the Invention The present invention concerns an emergency fuel for a vehicle. i.e. a fuel that can be used Mien a vehcte is low on fuel or runs out of fuel. The emergency fuel is safe to store until it is required in an emergency. The emergency fuel is capable of starting a cold engine.
Background and Summary of the Invention
US-A-5,681,358 discloses an emergency fuel comprising mineral spirits having a flash point of at least 10(rF and a boiling point of 320-400F. The mineral spirits may be a mineral spirit or a mixture of n-butanol and isomers of amyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, or a mixture of 0-100% mineral spirit with 0-100% of an oxygenated solvent. The preferred flash point is in the range of 104-11 OOF The emergency fuel is only capable of starting a warmed up motor. If the motor is cold, we are told that a 'starter fluid' such as a butane spray in the carburetor may help start the motor. In all of the examples, the emergency fuel failed to start a cold motor.
The aim of the present invention is to provide an emergency fuel that is capable of starting a cold motor.
2 The aim of the present Invention is also to provide an emergency fuel that has a relatively high flash point (in excess of 11400F) and a relatively high distillation range (approaching 37011F to 40013F).
Detailed Desctiption of the invention In accordance vAth the present invention there is provided an emergency fuel for an internal combustion engine comprising a hydrocarbon solvent having a flash point of at least 100F and a cold starting additive.
In accordance with the present invention there is also provided a method of starting a cold engine Mth an emergency fuel comprising a hydrocarbon solvent having a flash point of at least 100T, the method comprising the step of adding a cold starting additive to the emergency fuel.
In accordance vAth the present invention there is also provided use of a cold starting additive to start a coW engine YAth an emergency fuel comprising a hydrocarbon solvent havinq a liash point of at least I OOOF In accordance Wth the present invention there is also provided an additive system for an emergency fuel, the additive system comprising a cold starting additive.
The cold starting additive is preferably selected from at least one of the follovving types of compounds-. peroxides, azo compounds, cyano compounds or cetane improvers.
3 The peroxide is preferably di-t-butyl peroxide.
The cetane improver is preferady selected from nitrates, nitrites, and nitro and nitroso compounds.
The cold starting additive is preferably a combination of at least two additives selected from the following list: peroxides, azo compounds, Cy2no compounds and cetane improvers.
The cold starting additive is preferably present in an amount less than 5, 000ppm, more preferably less than 1,000ppm, even more preferably less than 1 50ppm, and most preferably be"en I ppm and 125ppm.
The hydrocarbon solvent preferably comprises- (a) from about 65-75%, preferably around 70%, of paraffins and from about 25-35%, preferably around 30%, of naphthenes; (b) from about 75-85%, preferably around 80%, of paraffins and from about 15-25%, preferably around 20%, of C7 or higher alcohols', (c) an aromatic solvent; or (d) a naphthalene-depleted aromatic solvent.
The hydrocarbon solvent preferably has a flash point of at least 140 F. more preferably at, least 150 OF.
4 The invention vvill now be described, by way of example, with reference to the foilovAng examples: An emergency fuel was prepared comprising a blend of a high boiling isoparaffinic hydrocarbon stock having a flash point of >144F and 100ppm of di-t-butyl peroxide. The blend Ywas thoroughly mixed and then introduced into a gasoline tank of a test YeNcle. The emergency fuel was tested using a 1997 Buick Riviera having a 3.81 V6 SFI engine- The vehicle was operated until it ran out of fuel. Any fuel in the gasoline lines leading to the gasoline tank was drained away. Approximately 1 gallon of the emergency fuel was introduced into the gas tank. The ambient temperature was recorded. The vehicle was started while it was still warm. The vehicle was operated on the open road. It was then parked and allowed to cool for one hour, at which time a restart was attempted. An attempt at starting the engine was also made after an additional hour of cool-down. The same test was also carried out for comparative purposes using: a commercial product sold under US-A-5, 681,358; normal paraffin having a flash point of >1 44F, and isoparaffin having a flash point of >1440F. The results are shovm below.
Examples Warm start After 1 Hour After 2 Hour Ambient Cool-dawn Cool-down Ternperzture (no. of crank) (no. of cranks) Commercial product Yes 7 22 54 F of US-A-5,681,358, sold as SPARE TANKTm Emergency Fuel.
(Flash Point> 1056F) Normal paraffin Yes, WO sevem 6 80 52 F (Flash Point> Knock 144-F) lsoperaffin (Flash Yes 11 84 36 F on>144) lsoperaffin + 100 Yes 3 9 49 T ppm OTBP (Flash Polnt> 144'F)

Claims (1)

1. An emergency fuel for an internal combusban engine comprising a hydrocarbon solvent having a flesh point of at least 10(rF and a cold starting additive.
2. The emergency fuel claimed in claim 1, wherein the cold starting additive is selected from at least one of the following types of compounds: peroxides, azo compounds, cyano compounds or cetane improvers.
3. The emergency fuel cJaimed in claim 2, wherein the peroxide is di-tbutyl peroxide.
4. The emefgency fuel claimed in claim 2, wherein the cetane improver is selected from nitrates, nitrites, and nitro and nitroso compounds 5. The emergency fuel claimed in any one of claims 2-4. -Aherein the cold starting additive is a comNnalion of at least two additives selected from the following list: peroxides, azo compounds, cyano compounds and cetane improvers.
6. The emergency fuel claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cold starting additive is present in an amount less than 5,000 ppm. preferably less than 1,000 ppm, more preferably less than 150 ppm, and most preferably between 1 ppm and 1 So ppm.
6 7- The emergency fuel claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrocarbon solvent comprises:
(a) from about 65-75%, preferably around 70%, of paraffins and from about 25-35%, preferably around 30%, of naphthenes, (b) from about 75-85%, preferably around 80%, of paraffins and from about 15-25%, preferably around 20%, of C7 or higher alcohols,- (c) an aromatic solvent; or (d) a naphthalene-depleted aromatic solvent.
8. The emergency fuel claimed in any one of the preceding cAaims, wherein the hydrocarbon solvent has a flash point of at least 140 'IF, preferably at least 150 OF.
9. A method of starting a cold engine with an emergency fuel comprising a hydrocarbon solvent as defwied in any one of claims 1-8, the method comprising the step of adding the cold starting additive defined in any one of the preceding claims to the emergency fuel.
10. Use of the cold starting additive defined in any one of the preceding claims to start a cold engine vAth an emergency fuel comprising a hydrocarbon solvent as defined in any one of the preceding claims 11. An additive system for an emergency fuel, the additive system comprising. the cold starting awitive defined in any one of the preceding claims.
GB9923338A 1999-07-28 1999-10-04 An emergency fuel Expired - Fee Related GB2352451B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA 2314370 CA2314370A1 (en) 1999-07-28 2000-07-20 An emergency fuel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14594399P 1999-07-28 1999-07-28

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9923338D0 GB9923338D0 (en) 1999-12-08
GB2352451A true GB2352451A (en) 2001-01-31
GB2352451B GB2352451B (en) 2003-10-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9923338A Expired - Fee Related GB2352451B (en) 1999-07-28 1999-10-04 An emergency fuel

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US (2) US6558439B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2352451B (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2352451B (en) * 1999-07-28 2003-10-15 Castrol Ltd An emergency fuel

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB606212A (en) * 1945-01-20 1948-08-10 Robert Thomas Pollock Improvements in or relating to diesel engine fuels
US5853433A (en) * 1995-09-29 1998-12-29 Bloom & Kreten Emergency fuel for use in an internal combustion engine

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US5312542A (en) 1979-08-29 1994-05-17 Talbert Fuel Systems, Inc Hydrocarbon fuel and fuel systems
US5015356A (en) 1979-08-29 1991-05-14 Talbert William L Hydrocarbon fuel systems
US4357146A (en) * 1980-03-12 1982-11-02 Heeren James K Synthetic fuel for internal combustion engine
FR2577141B1 (en) 1985-02-13 1993-11-12 Elf France PROTECTION OF HYDROCARBONS AGAINST THE ACTION OF MICROORGANISMS
US4990713A (en) * 1988-11-07 1991-02-05 Mobil Oil Corporation Process for the production of high VI lube base stocks
US5407453A (en) 1993-03-19 1995-04-18 The Lubrizol Corporation Deposit cleaning composition for internal combustion engines
US5419849A (en) * 1993-06-18 1995-05-30 Fields; Paul B. Cleaning fluids
SE510104C2 (en) 1993-08-19 1999-04-19 Berol Nobel Ab Ethanol fuel and use of an ignition enhancer
US5575822A (en) 1994-05-04 1996-11-19 Wilkins, Jr.; Joe S. Engine fuels
GB2298430A (en) * 1995-02-22 1996-09-04 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Cleaning composition and method
US6113660A (en) * 1995-09-29 2000-09-05 Leonard Bloom Emergency fuel for use in an internal combustion engine and a method of packaging the fuel
US6110237A (en) * 1995-09-29 2000-08-29 Leonard Bloom Emergency fuel for use in an internal combustion engine
US5938799A (en) * 1995-09-29 1999-08-17 Maryland Patent Holdings, Llc Emergency fuel for use in an internal combustion engine
US5681358A (en) * 1995-09-29 1997-10-28 Bloom & Kreten Method of using an emergency fuel in an internal combustion engine
US5958857A (en) * 1997-09-04 1999-09-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Thixotropic low-solvent, non-hap wheel well cleaner
US6096103A (en) * 1999-06-03 2000-08-01 Leonard Bloom Alternative fuel for use in a diesel engine-powered emergency generator for intermittent use in fixed installations
GB2352451B (en) * 1999-07-28 2003-10-15 Castrol Ltd An emergency fuel

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB606212A (en) * 1945-01-20 1948-08-10 Robert Thomas Pollock Improvements in or relating to diesel engine fuels
US5853433A (en) * 1995-09-29 1998-12-29 Bloom & Kreten Emergency fuel for use in an internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6800102B2 (en) 2004-10-05
GB2352451B (en) 2003-10-15
US6558439B1 (en) 2003-05-06
US20030159335A1 (en) 2003-08-28
GB9923338D0 (en) 1999-12-08

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20061004