CA2314370A1 - An emergency fuel - Google Patents
An emergency fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2314370A1 CA2314370A1 CA 2314370 CA2314370A CA2314370A1 CA 2314370 A1 CA2314370 A1 CA 2314370A1 CA 2314370 CA2314370 CA 2314370 CA 2314370 A CA2314370 A CA 2314370A CA 2314370 A1 CA2314370 A1 CA 2314370A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- emergency fuel
- additive
- cold
- fuel
- cold starting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
An emergency fuel for an internal combustion engine comprising a hydrocarbon solvent having a flash point of at least 100°F and a cold starting additive.
The emergency fuel is capable of starting a cold engine.
The emergency fuel is capable of starting a cold engine.
Description
~
An Emergency Fuel Field of the Invention The present inventian concerns an emergency fuel for a vehicle, i.e. a fuel that can be used when a vehicle is low on fuel or runs out of fuel. The emergency fuel is safe to store until it is required in an emergency. The emergency fuel is capable of starting a cold engine.
Background and Summary of the Invention US-A-5,681,358 discloses an emergency fuel comprising mineral spirits having a flash point of at least 100°F and a boiling point of 320-400°F. The mineral spirits may be a mineral spirit or a mixture of n-butanol and isomers of amyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, or a mixture of 0-100% mineral spirit with 0-100%
of an oxygenated salvent. The preferred flash point is in the range of 104-110°F. The emergency fuel is only capable of starting a warmed up motor. If the motor is cold, we are told that a 'starter fluid' such as a butane spray in the carburetor may help start the motor. In all of the examples, the emergency fuel failed to start a cold motor.
The aim of the present invention is to provide an emergency fuel that is capable of starting a cold motor.
An Emergency Fuel Field of the Invention The present inventian concerns an emergency fuel for a vehicle, i.e. a fuel that can be used when a vehicle is low on fuel or runs out of fuel. The emergency fuel is safe to store until it is required in an emergency. The emergency fuel is capable of starting a cold engine.
Background and Summary of the Invention US-A-5,681,358 discloses an emergency fuel comprising mineral spirits having a flash point of at least 100°F and a boiling point of 320-400°F. The mineral spirits may be a mineral spirit or a mixture of n-butanol and isomers of amyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, or a mixture of 0-100% mineral spirit with 0-100%
of an oxygenated salvent. The preferred flash point is in the range of 104-110°F. The emergency fuel is only capable of starting a warmed up motor. If the motor is cold, we are told that a 'starter fluid' such as a butane spray in the carburetor may help start the motor. In all of the examples, the emergency fuel failed to start a cold motor.
The aim of the present invention is to provide an emergency fuel that is capable of starting a cold motor.
The aim of the present invention is also to provide an emergency fuel that has a relatively high flash point (in excess of 140°F) and a relatively high distillation range (approaching 370°F to 400°F) Detailed Description of the Invention In accordance with 'the present invention there is provided an emergency fuel for an internal combustion engine comprising a hydrocarbon solvent having a flash point of at least 100°F and a cold starting additive.
In accordance with the present invention there is also provided a method of starting a cold engine with an emergency fuel comprising a hydrocarbon solvent having a flash point of at least 100°F, the method comprising the step of adding a cold starting additive to the emergency fuel.
In accordance with the present invention there is also provided use of a cold starting additive to start a cold engine with an emergency fuel comprising a hydrocarbon solvent having a flash point of at least 100°F.
In accordance with the present invention there is also provided an additive system for an emergency fuel, the additive system comprising a cold starting additive.
The cold starting additive is preferably selected from at least one of the following types of compounds: peroxides, azo compounds, cyano compounds or cetane improvers.
In accordance with the present invention there is also provided a method of starting a cold engine with an emergency fuel comprising a hydrocarbon solvent having a flash point of at least 100°F, the method comprising the step of adding a cold starting additive to the emergency fuel.
In accordance with the present invention there is also provided use of a cold starting additive to start a cold engine with an emergency fuel comprising a hydrocarbon solvent having a flash point of at least 100°F.
In accordance with the present invention there is also provided an additive system for an emergency fuel, the additive system comprising a cold starting additive.
The cold starting additive is preferably selected from at least one of the following types of compounds: peroxides, azo compounds, cyano compounds or cetane improvers.
The peroxide is preferably di-t-butyl peroxide.
The cetane improver is preferably selected from nitrates, nitrites, and nitro and nitroso compounds.
The cold starting additive is preferably a combination of at least two additives selected from the following list: peroxides, azo compounds, cyano compounds and cetane improvers.
The cold starting additive is preferably present in an amount less than S,OOOppm, more preferably less than 1,OOOppm, even more preferably less than 150ppm, and most preferably between 1 ppm and 125ppm.
The hydrocarbon solvent preferably comprises:
(a) from about 65-75%, preferably around 70°~, of paraffins and from about 25-35%, preferably around 30%, of naphthenes;
(b) from about 75-85%, preferably around 80°~, of paraffins and from about 15-25%, preferably around 20%, of C7 or higher alcohols;
(c) an aromatic solvent; or (d) a naphthalene-depleted aromatic solvent.
The hydrocarbon solvent preferably has a flash point of at least 140 °F, more preferably at least 150 °F.
The cetane improver is preferably selected from nitrates, nitrites, and nitro and nitroso compounds.
The cold starting additive is preferably a combination of at least two additives selected from the following list: peroxides, azo compounds, cyano compounds and cetane improvers.
The cold starting additive is preferably present in an amount less than S,OOOppm, more preferably less than 1,OOOppm, even more preferably less than 150ppm, and most preferably between 1 ppm and 125ppm.
The hydrocarbon solvent preferably comprises:
(a) from about 65-75%, preferably around 70°~, of paraffins and from about 25-35%, preferably around 30%, of naphthenes;
(b) from about 75-85%, preferably around 80°~, of paraffins and from about 15-25%, preferably around 20%, of C7 or higher alcohols;
(c) an aromatic solvent; or (d) a naphthalene-depleted aromatic solvent.
The hydrocarbon solvent preferably has a flash point of at least 140 °F, more preferably at least 150 °F.
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the following examples:
An emergency fuel was prepared comprising a blend of a high boiling isoparaffinic hydrocarbon stock having a flash point of >144°F and 100ppm of di-t-butyl peroxide. The blend was thoroughly mixed and then introduced into a gasoline tank of a test vehicle. The emergency fuel was tested using a 1997 Buick Riviera having a 3.81 V6 SFI engine. The vehicle was operated until it ran out of fuel. Any fuel in the gasoline lines leading to the gasoline tank was drained away. Approximately 1 gallon of the emergency fuel was introduced into the gas tank. The ambient temperature was recorded. The vehicle was started while it was still warm. The vehicle was operated on the open road. It was then parked and allowed to cool for one hour, at which time a restart was attempted. An attempt at starting the engine was also made after an additional hour of cool-down. The same test was also carried out for comparative purposes using: a commercial product sold under US-A-5,681,358; normal paraffin having a flash point of >144°F;
and isoparaffin having a flash point of >144°F. The results are shown below.
Exam plea Warrn start After 1 Hour After 2 Hour Am bient Cool-down Cool-down Temperature no. of crank no. of cranks Commercial h'es 7 22 54 F
product of US-A-5,681,358, sold as SPARE
TANK Tr~n Emergency Fuel, (Flash Point>
Normal paraffinYes, with 6 80 52 F
severe (Flash Point>Knock Isoparaffin 1~'es 11 84 36 F
(Flash Point> 144F) Isoparaffin Y'es 3 9 49 F
+ 100 ppm DTBP (Flash Point> 144F)
An emergency fuel was prepared comprising a blend of a high boiling isoparaffinic hydrocarbon stock having a flash point of >144°F and 100ppm of di-t-butyl peroxide. The blend was thoroughly mixed and then introduced into a gasoline tank of a test vehicle. The emergency fuel was tested using a 1997 Buick Riviera having a 3.81 V6 SFI engine. The vehicle was operated until it ran out of fuel. Any fuel in the gasoline lines leading to the gasoline tank was drained away. Approximately 1 gallon of the emergency fuel was introduced into the gas tank. The ambient temperature was recorded. The vehicle was started while it was still warm. The vehicle was operated on the open road. It was then parked and allowed to cool for one hour, at which time a restart was attempted. An attempt at starting the engine was also made after an additional hour of cool-down. The same test was also carried out for comparative purposes using: a commercial product sold under US-A-5,681,358; normal paraffin having a flash point of >144°F;
and isoparaffin having a flash point of >144°F. The results are shown below.
Exam plea Warrn start After 1 Hour After 2 Hour Am bient Cool-down Cool-down Temperature no. of crank no. of cranks Commercial h'es 7 22 54 F
product of US-A-5,681,358, sold as SPARE
TANK Tr~n Emergency Fuel, (Flash Point>
Normal paraffinYes, with 6 80 52 F
severe (Flash Point>Knock Isoparaffin 1~'es 11 84 36 F
(Flash Point> 144F) Isoparaffin Y'es 3 9 49 F
+ 100 ppm DTBP (Flash Point> 144F)
Claims (11)
1. An emergency fuel for an internal combustion engine comprising a hydrocarbon solvent having a flash point of at least 100°F and a cold starting additive.
2. The emergency fuel claimed in claim 1, wherein the cold starting additive is selected from at least one of the following types of compounds: peroxides, azo compounds, cyano compounds or cetane improvers.
3. The emergency fuel claimed in claim 2, wherein the peroxide is di-t-butyl peroxide.
4. The emergency fuel claimed in claim 2, wherein the cetane improver is selected from nitrates, nitrites, and nitro and nitroso compounds
5. The emergency fuel claimed in any one of claims 2-4, wherein the cold starting additive is a combination of at least two additives selected from the following list: peroxides, azo compounds, cyano compounds and cetane improvers.
6. The emergency fuel claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cold starting additive is present in an amount less than 5,000 ppm, preferably less than 1,000 ppm, more preferably less than 150 ppm, and most preferably between 1 ppm and 150 ppm.
7. The emergency fuel claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrocarbon solvent comprises:
(a) from about 65-75%, preferably around 70%, of paraffins and from about 25-35%, preferably around 30%, of naphthenes;
(b) from about 75-85%, preferably around 80%, of paraffins and from about 15-25%, preferably around 20%, of C7 or higher alcohols;
(c) an aromatic solvent; or (d) a naphthalene-depleted aromatic solvent.
(a) from about 65-75%, preferably around 70%, of paraffins and from about 25-35%, preferably around 30%, of naphthenes;
(b) from about 75-85%, preferably around 80%, of paraffins and from about 15-25%, preferably around 20%, of C7 or higher alcohols;
(c) an aromatic solvent; or (d) a naphthalene-depleted aromatic solvent.
8. The emergency fuel claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrocarbon solvent has a flash point of at least 140°F, preferably at least 150°F.
9. A method of starting a cold engine with an emergency fuel comprising a hydrocarbon solvent as defined in any one of claims 1-8, the method comprising the step of adding the cold starting additive defined in any one of the preceding claims to the emergency fuel.
10. Use of the cold starting additive defined in any one of the preceding claims to start a cold engine with an emergency fuel comprising a hydrocarbon solvent as defined in any one of the preceding claims
11. An additive system for an emergency fuel, the additive system comprising the cold starting additive defined in any one of the preceding claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14594399P | 1999-07-28 | 1999-07-28 | |
| US60/145,943 | 1999-07-28 | ||
| GB9923338A GB2352451B (en) | 1999-07-28 | 1999-10-04 | An emergency fuel |
| GB9923338.9 | 1999-10-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2314370A1 true CA2314370A1 (en) | 2001-01-28 |
Family
ID=26315973
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2314370 Abandoned CA2314370A1 (en) | 1999-07-28 | 2000-07-20 | An emergency fuel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2314370A1 (en) |
-
2000
- 2000-07-20 CA CA 2314370 patent/CA2314370A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Dead |