GB2350294A

GB2350294A - Fire extinguishing system

Info

Publication number: GB2350294A
Application number: GB9912626A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Christopher Boyd; John Horskins; Michael Russell
Original assignee: Kidde Graviner Ltd
Current assignee: Kidde Graviner Ltd
Priority date: 1999-05-28
Filing date: 1999-05-28
Publication date: 2000-11-29
Anticipated expiration: 2019-05-28
Also published as: WO2000072922A1; GB2350294B; GB9912626D0

Abstract

System typically comprises two tubular pipes 24,26 containing a volatile fire extinguishant retained between rupturable diaphragms 28,38. When the extinguishant is to be discharged, a pyrotechnic gas generator 44,46 is activated to produce high pressure gas in an expansion chamber 40 which is separated from a main chamber 36 containing a fluid e.g. water by a rupturable diaphragm 42. The high gas pressure ruptures the diaphragm and the high pressure is applied to the extinguishant via the water in the main chamber 36. The diaphragms 38,28 retaining the extinguishant rupture and the extinguishant is ejected through discharge nozzles 14,16. The water quenches the high temperature gases from the pyrotechnic gas generator 44,46 thus preventing pyrolysis of the fire extinguishant and the creation of harmful and deleterious by-products.

Description

2350294 FIREEXTINGUISHING AND EXPLOSION SUPPRESSION ARRANGEMENTS AND

METHODS The invention relates to fire extinguishing and explosion suppression arrangements and methods. For ease of reference, hereinafter the terms "fire extinguishing" and Mre extinguishants will be used to include explosion suppression and explosion suppressants, and Mre" will be used to include "explosion".

According to the invention, there is provided a fire extinguishing arrangement, comprising means for retaining a fire extinguishant ready for discharge through discharge outlet means in response to sufficiently high applied pressure, pressure generating means for producing the high pressure when discharge of the extinguishant is required, and means for retai-ning a quantity of an inert fluid interposed between the pressure generating means and the fire extinguishant for receiving the high pressure and applying it to the fire extinguishant to cause discharge thereof through the discharge outlet means.

According to the in,,,.ention, there is also provided a method of fire extinguishing, comprising the steps of ejecting a fire extinguishant towards a fire by applying high pressure to the extinguishant via the intermediary of an inert liquid.

Fire extinguishing arrangements and methods according to the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic 2 drawing which is a side view, partly in section, of one of the arrangements.

The fire extinguishing arrangement 'LL0 be described is particularly (though not only) suitable for extinguishing fires or explosion within the crew compartments of military vehicles such as tanks or armoured personnel carriers - where the fires or explosions are likely to be constituted by burning hydrocarbons.

The arrangement shown in the Figure is, in this example, intended to discharge fire extinguishant in two directions A and B through respective discharge nozzles 10 and 12. In this example, each nozzle 10, 12 comprises a respective cap 14,16 which is closed off at one end and has a large number of discharge holes 18 in its side wall. The other end of each cap 14,16 is sealingly mounted within a respective collar 20,22 which is integrally positioned at the end of a respective pipe or main 24, 26. Each collar 20,22 also supports a respective thin sealing diaphragm 28; the diaphragm supported by collar 20 is not visible in the Figure. The diaphragms 28 close off the otherwise open inner ends of the caps 14, 16, thus preventing communication between the hollow interior of each main 24,26 and the respective discharge nozzles 1.0, 12.

The mains 24,26 are sealingly connected to openings in a central body 30 by means of respective collars 32,34. The central body 30 includes a main chamber 36. This is sealed off from the interiors of the mains 24,26 by respective sealing diaphragms 38 which are supported by the collars 3 2, 34; the diaphragm 3 8 supported by collar 32 is not visible in 3 the Figure.

The central body 30 also includes a hollow expansion chamber 40 which is sealed off from the main chamber 36 by a further sealing diaphragm 42.

A suitable pyrotcchnic gas generator 44 with a suitable igniter 46 is mounted on top of the expansion chamber 40.

In use, the hollow interiors of the mains 24,26 are filled with a suitable fire extinguishant 48 such as a volatile agent. FM 200 and FE 36 are suitable examples. They are efficient for extinguishing hydrocarbon fires and not significantly injurious to human health. The extinguishant is held sealingly within each main so that each main is completely filled under pressure with the extinguishant.

The main chamber 36 is filled with an acqueous agent such as water, preferably with an additive such as a potassium salt to inhibit freezing of the water and constitute a chemical fire suppressant. Potassium lactate is a suitable additive.

In the event of a fire or explosion within the area to be protected, the igniter 46 is energised to ignite the pyrotechnic gas generator 44,46. The gas generator may be energised manually or automatically by a fire detector. Within a very short time (a few milliseconds), the pyrotechnically generated gas expands into the expansion chamber 40 4 and bursts the sealing diaphragm 42, applying a high pressure of the order of 7MPa to the water within the main chamber 36). This pressure is instantly transmitted by the water to and bursts the two diaphragms 38, applying the high pressure to the extinguishant filling each main 24,26. The diaphragms 28 at the outer ends of the two mains thus also burst and the extinguishant is ejected through the holes 18 in the discharge nozzles 10, 12. Extinguishant discharge will take place without any significant delay because each main is completely filled with the extinguishant which is therefore present immediately adjacent the discharge nozzles, ready to be discharged as soon as the requisite pressure is generated by the gas generator.

The presence of the water ensures that the very hot gases produced by the gas generator are not applied directly to the fire extinguishant. These gases are cooled by the water which also quenches any flames produced by the gas generator. In the absence of the intervening water, the hot gases from the gas generator could pyrolize the extinguishant agent producing hydrogen fluoride and other undesirable by-products - which would be potentially injtri.-)us to occupants of the crew compartment and would also reduce the effectiveness of the fire extinguishant.

In addition, of course, any water which is ejected through the discharge nozzles with the extinguishant will also have extinguishing capability, which will be enhanced by the potassium lactate or other additive.

It will be appreciated that the constructional layout of the arrangement shown in the Figure is merely given by way of example. Many other configurations are possible, in which water or other acqueous agent is used to transmit hot gas pressure to a volatile fire extinguishant in order to discharge the fire extinguishant, the water protecting the fire extinguishant from pyrolysis or other degradation caused by the hot gases and transmitting the pressure to the extinguishant.

Claims

6 CLAIMS

1. A fire extinguishing arrangement, comprising means for retaining a fire extinguishant ready for discharge through discharge outlet means in response to sufficiently high applied pressure, pressure generating means for producing the high pressure when discharge of the extinguishant is required, and means for retaining a quantity of an inert fluid interposed between the pressure generating means and the fire extinguishant for receiving the high pressure and applying it to the fire extinguishant to cause discharge thereof through the discharge outlet means.

2. An arrangement according to claim 1, in which the pressure generating means comprises pyrotechnic gas generating means.

3. An arrangement according to claim I or 2, in which the inert fluid is a heat absorbing liquid with fire extinguishing qualities.

4. An arrangement according to any preceding claim, in which the inert fluid comprises an acqueous based liquid such as water.

5. An arrangement according to any preceding claim, in which the extinguishant is confined within a volume separated from the discharge outlet means by a rupturable diaphragm.

7 6. An arrangement according to any preceding claim, in which the means for retaining the inert liquid comprises rupturable diaphragm means for confining the liquid within a volume.

7. An arrangement according to claim 6, in which the rupturable diaphragm means for confining the inert liquid comprises a first rupturable diaphragm separating the inert liquid from the extinguishant and a second rupturable diaphragm separating the inert liquid from the pressure generating means.

8. An arrangement according to any preceding claim, in which the extinguishant is a volatile extinguishant.

9. A method of fire extinguishing, comprising the steps of ejecting a fire extinguishant towards a fire by applying high pressure to the extinguishant via the intermediary of an inert fluid.

10. A method according to claim 9, in which the high pressure is produced by pyrotechnically generating high pressure gas and in which the inert fluid is a heatabsorbing and flame-quenching liquid.

11. A method according to claim 9 or 10, in which the inert fluid is an acqueous-based liquid such as water.

8 12. A method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, including the step of confining the fire extinguishant immediately adjacent discharge outlet means using a rupturable diaphragm.

13. A fire extinguishing arrangement, substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawing.

14. A method of fire extinguishing, substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawing.