GB2344853A - Motor vehicle exhaust system - Google Patents

Motor vehicle exhaust system Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2344853A
GB2344853A GB9827788A GB9827788A GB2344853A GB 2344853 A GB2344853 A GB 2344853A GB 9827788 A GB9827788 A GB 9827788A GB 9827788 A GB9827788 A GB 9827788A GB 2344853 A GB2344853 A GB 2344853A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
discharge
exhaust system
discharge section
motor vehicle
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9827788A
Other versions
GB9827788D0 (en
Inventor
Thomas Tsoi Hei Ma
Jonathan Austin Ma
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority to GB9827788A priority Critical patent/GB2344853A/en
Publication of GB9827788D0 publication Critical patent/GB9827788D0/en
Priority to AU31590/99A priority patent/AU3159099A/en
Priority to PCT/GB1999/000971 priority patent/WO1999051861A2/en
Priority to DE69902648T priority patent/DE69902648T2/en
Priority to EP99913472A priority patent/EP1071868B1/en
Publication of GB2344853A publication Critical patent/GB2344853A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/082—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of tailpipe, e.g. with means for mixing air with exhaust for exhaust cooling, dilution or evacuation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D35/00—Vehicle bodies characterised by streamlining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D35/00—Vehicle bodies characterised by streamlining
    • B62D35/007—Rear spoilers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D35/00—Vehicle bodies characterised by streamlining
    • B62D35/02—Streamlining the undersurfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/05—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2270/00—Mixing air with exhaust gases
    • F01N2270/10—Mixing air with exhaust gases for rendering exhaust innocuous, e.g. by dilution
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/82—Elements for improving aerodynamics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)

Abstract

The discharge section 20 of the exhaust system 10 is elongate, extends transversely of the vehicle and has a number of discharge regions (openings) 24 distributed over the length of the discharge section 20 so that the exhaust gases are diluted rapidly with ambient air. A baffle 26 may be provided adjacent to each opening 24 to create turbulence at the opening 24 to further improve mixing. Alternatively (fig.3), the openings (29) are arranged in pairs (29a, 29b) shaped to direct the exhaust gases in opposite directions so that the shearing between the opposite flows promotes swirl. In figure 2, the end 21 of the discharge section 14 opens into an elongate transverse plenum chamber 23 which has discharge openings 25 in its underside so as to produce an even flow distribution over the entire width of the vehicle.

Description

MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST SYSTEM Field of the invention The present invention relates to a motor vehicle having an engine exhaust system designed to minimise the concentration of noxious gases and particulate matter entering the cabin of a following vehicle.
Background of the invention Cabin air quality has attracted increasing attention with the realisation that the driver and passengers of a following vehicle could be exposed to higher concentrations of pollutants than pedestrians. This is because a second vehicle travelling behind a first vehicle will be directly exposed to the exhaust plume of the first vehicle. Although this exhaust plume is dispersed progressively with distance behind the first vehicle, a relatively high concentration of the pollutants could be drawn into the cabin of the second vehicle and breathed in by the occupants of the second vehicle. Micro-filters and absorbers for cleaning the cabin air are not particularly effective in that, while they remove some particulate matters and odours, the ultra-fine particles and noxious gases such as HC, CO and NOx will still get through.
By following a moving vehicle and measuring the dispersion of the exhaust gases at different distances behind the vehicle, it has been found that the air/exhaust dilution ratio reaches approximately 10: 1 at 1 metre, 100: 1 at 10 metres and 1000: 1 at 100 metres behind the vehicle.
Thus when two vehicles are travelling in tandem with a separation distance of 5 metres between the two, the occupants of the following vehicle could be exposed to the exhaust fumes of the first vehicle diluted to an air/exhaust dilution ratio of only 50: 1, assuming linear interpolation.
This concentration is significantly higher than that breathed in by a pedestrian walkir. g by the side of the road where the exhaust gases would have dispersed to a dilution ratio of 500 : 1 or higher.
The above problem has been addressed in the Applicant's earlier British Patent Application No. 9822484.3 which in one aspect is directed to a motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine having an exhaust system, wherein the discharge section of the exhaust system from which the engine exhaust gases are discharged into the ambient atmosphere is elongate, extends transversely to the direction of motion of the vehicle and comprises a plurality of discharge regions distributed over the length of the discharge section, the size and spacing of the discharge regions being such that the exhaust gases from the engine are thinly dispersed over a large distributed area, so as to be diluted sufficiently with ambient air within a short distance of leaving the discharge section of the exhaust system to increase above a predetermined minimum level the dilution of the pollutants in the exhaust gases at a predetermined distance behind the vehicle.
It is also known that the rate at which the exhaust gases are diluted after leaving the exhaust system affects the formation of nano-particles and rapid dilution assists in suppressing the formation of such particles.
The present invention relates to various improvements that can be made to a motor vehicle exhaust system to assist increasing the mixing of the exhaust gases with ambient air as quickly as possible after they have been discharged both to improve air quality in following vehicles and to suppress the formation of nano-particles.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine having an exhaust system, wherein the discharge section of the exhaust system from which the engine exhaust gases are discharged into the ambient atmosphere is elongate, extends transversely to the direction of motion of the vehicle and comprises a plurality of discharge regions distributed over the length of the discharge section, each discharge region comprising an opening and means adjacent the opening for increasing the turbulence of the air flow in the vicinity of the opening.
The means for increasing the turbulence of the air flow in the vicinity of each discharge opening may comprise a baffle or other surface discontinuity acting to disturb the air slipstream over the discharge section of the exhaust system.
In accordance with a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine having an exhaust system, wherein the discharge section of the exhaust system from which the engine exhaust gases are discharged into the ambient atmosphere is elongate, extends transversely to the direction of motion of the vehicle and comprises a plurality of discharge regions distributed over the length of the discharge section, wherein the discharge section comprises a plenum chamber of relatively large cross sectional area into which opens an exhaust conduit of relatively small cross sectional area and wherein the discharge openings are formed in the wall of the plenum chamber.
In accordance with a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine having an exhaust system, wherein the discharge section of the exhaust system from which the engine exhaust gases are discharged into the ambient atmosphere is elongate, extends transversely to the direction of motion of the vehicle and comprises a plurality of discharge regions distributed over the length of the discharge section, wherein each discharge region comprises two or more openings that are shaped and directed to promote a shearing or swirling motion in the air slipstream over the discharge section in the vicinity of the openings.
Brief description of the drawings The invention will now be described further, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which : Figure 1 shows a sketch of an embodiment constructed in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention, Figure 2 shows a sketch of an embodiment constructed in accordance with the second aspect of the present invention, Figure 3 shows a sketch of an embodiment constructed in accordance with the third aspect of the present invention, and Figure 4 is a detail of the embodiment shown in Figure 3 drawn to an enlarged scale.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments In each of the Figures 1 to 3, there is shown an exhaust pipe 10 having a silencer (or muffler) 12 and a discharge pipe 14 the end of which is elongate and bent around to extend transversely to the direction of motion of the vehicle and its slipstream as represented by the long arrows. The elongate transverse portion of the discharge pipe has many discharge openings distributed along its length.
As so far described, the exhaust pipe is constructed in the manner previously proposed in GB patent application No. 9822484.3. The present invention in each of its embodiments seeks to improve the mixing of the exhaust gases leaving the discharge openings with ambient air.
In the case of the embodiment in Figure 1, the end 22 of the transverse section 20 of the discharge pipe 14 is closed. All the exhaust gases are therefore discharged from the openings 24 distributed along the length of the transverse section 20.-Adjacent to each discharge opening 24 a baffle 26 extends from the transverse section 20 to create turbulence in the vehicle slipstream in the vicinity of the discharge opening 24. The turbulent air flow serves to improve the mixing of the exhaust gas plumes with ambient air.
In an embodiment such as that shown in Figure 1, there is a tendency of uneven flow distribution in that the rate of discharge of exhaust gases becomes progressively less with increasing distance of travel along the transverse section 20.
To mitigate this problem and achieve even flow distribution over the entire width of the vehicle, the embodiment of Figure 2 arranges for the end 21 of the discharge section 14 of the exhaust system to open into an elongate transverse plenum chamber 23. Discharge openings 25 are formed on the underside of the plenum chamber 23. The effect of the plenum chamber 23 is to avoid the pressure drop along the length of the discharge section of the exhaust pipe and thereby achieve a more uniform flow distribution from the discharge openings 25.
It will be appreciated that the concept of using a plenum chamber to achieve even flow distribution can be used in combination with the baffles of Figure 1 and any other features intended to promote mixing of the individual exhaust gas plumes.
Whereas in the embodiment of Figure 1 an additional baffle is relied upon to create local turbulence, the embodiment of Figure 3 modifies the discharge openings 29 to achieve similar results. As previously, the end 28 of the transverse section 27 is blocked to ensure that all the exhaust gases are discharged from the openings 29 and these are arranged in pairs 29a, 29b (see Figure 4) and shaped to direct the exhaust gases in opposite directions. The shearing between the opposite flows promotes swirl as represented by the curved arrows in Figure 4 which has the effect of improving mixing with ambient air.

Claims (5)

1. A motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine having an exhaust system, wherein the discharge section of the exhaust system from which the engine exhaust gases are discharged into the ambient atmosphere is elongate, extends transversely to the direction of motion of the vehicle and comprises a plurality of discharge regions distributed over the length of the discharge section, each discharge region comprising an opening and means adjacent the opening for increasing the turbulence of the air flow in the vicinity of the opening.
2. A motor vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the means for increasing the turbulence of the air flow in the vicinity of each discharge opening comprises a baffle or other surface discontinuity acting to disturb the air slipstream over the discharge section of the exhaust system.
3. A motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine having an exhaust system, wherein the discharge section of the exhaust system from which the engine exhaust gases are discharged into the ambient atmosphere is elongate, extends transversely to the direction of motion of the vehicle and comprises a plurality of discharge regions distributed over the length of the discharge section, wherein the discharge section comprises a plenum chamber of relatively large cross sectional area into which opens an exhaust conduit of relatively small cross sectional area and wherein the discharge openings are formed in the wall of the plenum chamber.
4. A motor vehicle driven by an internal combustion engine having an exhaust system, wherein the discharge section of the exhaust system from which the engine exhaust gases are discharged into the ambient atmosphere is elongate, extends transversely to the direction of motion of the vehicle and comprises a plurality of discharge regions distributed over the length of the discharge section, wherein each discharge region comprises two or more openings that are shaped and directed to promote a shearing or swirling motion in the air slipstream over the discharge section in the vicinity of the openings.
5. A motor vehicle having an exhaust system constructed and arranged substantially as herein described with reference to and as illustrated in Figure 1, Figure 2 or Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
GB9827788A 1998-04-06 1998-12-18 Motor vehicle exhaust system Withdrawn GB2344853A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9827788A GB2344853A (en) 1998-12-18 1998-12-18 Motor vehicle exhaust system
AU31590/99A AU3159099A (en) 1998-04-06 1999-03-29 Motor vehicle exhaust system
PCT/GB1999/000971 WO1999051861A2 (en) 1998-04-06 1999-03-29 Motor vehicle exhaust system
DE69902648T DE69902648T2 (en) 1998-04-06 1999-03-29 EXHAUST SYSTEM FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE
EP99913472A EP1071868B1 (en) 1998-04-06 1999-03-29 Motor vehicle exhaust system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9827788A GB2344853A (en) 1998-12-18 1998-12-18 Motor vehicle exhaust system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9827788D0 GB9827788D0 (en) 1999-02-10
GB2344853A true GB2344853A (en) 2000-06-21

Family

ID=10844406

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9827788A Withdrawn GB2344853A (en) 1998-04-06 1998-12-18 Motor vehicle exhaust system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2344853A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012006818A1 (en) * 2012-04-04 2013-10-10 Audi Ag muffler
JP2014163227A (en) * 2013-02-21 2014-09-08 Kobelco Contstruction Machinery Ltd Exhaust structure of construction machine

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB424469A (en) * 1934-07-12 1935-02-21 Enoch Davies Improvements relating to exhaust systems of internalcombustion engines
US3952823A (en) * 1972-07-10 1976-04-27 Hinderks M V Vehicle gas extractor

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB424469A (en) * 1934-07-12 1935-02-21 Enoch Davies Improvements relating to exhaust systems of internalcombustion engines
US3952823A (en) * 1972-07-10 1976-04-27 Hinderks M V Vehicle gas extractor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012006818A1 (en) * 2012-04-04 2013-10-10 Audi Ag muffler
DE102012006818B4 (en) * 2012-04-04 2015-05-21 Audi Ag muffler
JP2014163227A (en) * 2013-02-21 2014-09-08 Kobelco Contstruction Machinery Ltd Exhaust structure of construction machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9827788D0 (en) 1999-02-10

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WAP Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1)