GB2325601A - Horizontal width regulation circuit for a CRT display - Google Patents

Horizontal width regulation circuit for a CRT display Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2325601A
GB2325601A GB9807041A GB9807041A GB2325601A GB 2325601 A GB2325601 A GB 2325601A GB 9807041 A GB9807041 A GB 9807041A GB 9807041 A GB9807041 A GB 9807041A GB 2325601 A GB2325601 A GB 2325601A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
circuit
signal
horizontal deflection
current
voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9807041A
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GB9807041D0 (en
Inventor
Min-Soo Cho
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WiniaDaewoo Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Daewoo Electronics Co Ltd
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Filing date
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Application filed by Daewoo Electronics Co Ltd filed Critical Daewoo Electronics Co Ltd
Publication of GB9807041D0 publication Critical patent/GB9807041D0/en
Publication of GB2325601A publication Critical patent/GB2325601A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N3/00Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
    • H04N3/10Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
    • H04N3/16Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by deflecting electron beam in cathode-ray tube, e.g. scanning corrections
    • H04N3/22Circuits for controlling dimensions, shape or centering of picture on screen
    • H04N3/23Distortion correction, e.g. for pincushion distortion correction, S-correction
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N3/00Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
    • H04N3/10Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical
    • H04N3/16Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages by means not exclusively optical-mechanical by deflecting electron beam in cathode-ray tube, e.g. scanning corrections
    • H04N3/22Circuits for controlling dimensions, shape or centering of picture on screen
    • H04N3/223Controlling dimensions

Abstract

The circuit acts to ensure constant raster width in the face of EHT changes brought on by beam current variations. Voltage sensing circuit 600 provides a measure of beam current by sensing the output voltage of a winding of the flyback transformer. This signal is sliced or limited by slicer 620 and applied to controller 800. Reference data stored in memory 700 is combined with the beam current-related signal to form a pwm control signal that is used to modify the pincushion correction signal. Raster width is maintained constant by altering the amount of pincushion correction applied.

Description

HORIZONTAL WIDTH REGULATION CIRCUIT FOR A CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY APPARATUS This invention is related to a cathode ray tube display apparatus, more particularly to a circuit for regulating a horizontal width of a raster generated on the screen of a cathode ray tube of a television receiver.
Cathode ray tube apparatus such as those used in television receivers and monitors include a se of deflection coils for developing electromagnetic fields to vertically and horizontally deflect electron beam generated from their electron gun.
As is well known in the art, one of problems associated with cathode ray tube (hereinafter, referred to as CRT) apparatus which is shared by television receivers arises from the relationship among CRT beam current intensity, high voltage potential, and deflection sensitivity. As CRT beam current intensity changes, the loading imposed upon a high voltage power system is also changed. As the high voltage potential generated from the high voltage power system is changed, the degree of electron beam bending which results from the electromagnetic fields of the deflection yoke (deflection sensitivity) is also changed. For example, an increase in CRT beam current imposes a greater load upon the high voltage system causing a reduction of high voltage potential. The reduction of high voltage potential produces a corresponding increase in deflection sensitivity (more electron beam bending) which in turn causes the raster to be enlarged or bloom. Because the CRT beam current intensity modulation is synchronized to the horizontal and vertical scan, the display image is undesirably enlarged as the raster blooms.
One example of circuits for making a horizontal width of a raster to be maintained constant is disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 5,059, 874. According to the circuit suggested in U.S.
Pat. No. 5,059,874, a pulse width modulator controlled by a pincushion correction signal provided from an east-west pincushion correction circuit generates a PWM voltage and provides the PWM voltage to the horizontal deflection coil, thereby maintaining a horizontal width of a raster constant.
However, it is not suggested in U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,874 how the east-west pincushion correction circuit controls the pulse width modulator based on variations of CRT beam current intensity.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a circuit which can regulate a horizontal width of a raster generated on a faceplate of CRT though an intensity of an electron beam current is varied as scanning electron beam on the faceplate of CRT.
In order to achieve the object, a horizontal width regulation circuit for a CRT display apparatus according to the present invention includes a means for storing reference data, a means for sensing an intensity of an electron beam current of the CRT; and a means for reading reference data out from the storing means and controlling an intensity of a current flowing through a horizontal deflection coil based on the reference data and a sensed signal provided from the sensing means. Preferably, the sensing means senses a potential of a high voltage generated by a flyback transformer in order to sense the intensity of the electron beam current.
According to the present invention, by controlling the intensity of the horizontal deflection current flowing through the horizontal deflection coil according to the intensity of the electron beam current of CRT, the horizontal width of the raster generated on CRT is regulated constantly.
The foregoing and other objects, aspects and advantages will be better understood from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for showing a horizontal width regulation circuit for a CRT display apparatus according to one embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 2 is wavefortn diagrams for illustrating the circuit depicted in FIG. 1.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a view for showing a circuit for regulating a horizontal width of a raster displayed on CRT according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, a horizontal width regulation circuit for a CRT display apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a horizontal driving circuit 100, a horizontal output circuit 200, a flyback transformer (hereinafter, referred to as FBT), a linear correction circuit 400, an east-west pincushion correction circuit 500, a voltage sensing circuit 600, a memory 700, a controller 800, and a current output circuit 900.
The horizontal driving circuit 100 drives the horizontal output circuit 200 by providing horizontal driving pulses of a horizontal frequency to the horizontal output circuit 200.
The horizontal output circuit 200 drives the horizontal deflection coil Hy and the FBT 300 according to the driving pulses provided from the horizontal driving circuit 100.
The horizontal output circuit 200 includes an output transistor Tr, a damper diode D1, and a resonance capacitor CR.
A base of the output transistor Tr is connected with an output terminal of the horizontal driving circuit 200. A collector of the output transistor Tr is connected with one terminal of the horizontal deflection coil Hy and one terminal of a primary coil of the FBT 300. The emitter of the output transistor Tr is connected with the ground. The cathode of the damper diode D1 is connected with the collector of the output transistor Tr, and the anode of the damper diode D1 is connected with the emitter of the output transistor Tr. The one terminal of the resonance capacitor CR is connected with the collector of the output transistor Tr.
The linear correction circuit 400 is adapted for correction of horizontal linearity. The linear correction circuit 400 is connected with the other terminal of the horizontal deflection coil Hy to correct the linear distortion caused particularly by the resistance component of the horizontal deflection coil Hy.
The linear correction circuit 400 preferably includes a linear coil Lyl, a first resistor R1, and an S correction capacitor Cs. The one terminal of the linear coil Lyl is connected with the other terminal of the horizontal deflection coil Hy, and the other terminal of the linear coil Lyl is connected with the other terminal of the resonance capacitor Q and one terminal of the S correction capacitor Cs, respectively. Both terminals of the first resistor R1 are connected with both terminals of the linear coil Lyl. Further, the other terminal of the S correction capacitor Cs is connected with the ground.
The east-west pincushion correction circuit 500 is connected with the linear correction circuit 400 via a choke coil Ly2, such that the east-west pincushion correction circuit 500 is separated from the horizontal deflection coil Hy and the linear correction circuit 400 with respect to a current of the horizontal deflection frequency component. That is, the choke coil Ly2 prevents the current of the horizontal deflection frequency component of the horizontal deflection current from passing therethrough.
The east-west pincushion correction circuit 500 corrects a pincushion distortion of a raster with a vertical parabola signal which is generated from a parabola waveform generation circuit (not shown in FIG. 1). The east-west pincushion correction circuit 500 controls a direct current passing through the horizontal deflection coil Hy by the vertical parabola signal inputted to an input terminal thereof.
Preferably, the east-west pincushion correction circuit 500 includes a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2, a second resistor R2, and a third resistor R3. The first transistor Q1 is preferably a PNP transistor. A collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected with the ground. An emitter of the first transistor Q1 is connected with one terminal of the choke coil Ly2. A base of the first transistor Q1 is connected with a collector of the second transistor Q2 to be controlled by the second transistor Q2. The emitter and base of the first transistor Q1 are connected with each other by the second resistor R2. A base of the second transistor Q2 is connected with the emitter of the first transistor Q1 by the third resistor R3, and a emitter of the second transistor Q2 is connected with the ground. The base of the second transistor Q2 is the input terminal, and the emitter of the first transistor Q1 is the output terminal of the east-west pincushion correction circuit 500. Therefore, by a base voltage of the second transistor Q2, the intensity of the current of passing through the horizontal deflection coil Hy is determined.
The voltage sensing circuit 600 senses a potential of a high voltage pulse outputted from the FBT 300 thereby to sense an electron beam intensity outputted from an electron gun of the CRT.
In order to sense the potential of the high voltage pulse outputted from the FBT 300, the voltage sensing circuit 600 includes a voltage sensing transformer 610, a slicer 620, an amplifier 630, a rectifier 640, and an A/D converter 650.
The voltage sensing transformer 610 has a primary coil connected with the output terminal of the FBT 300 and a secondary coil for generating an induced voltage.
The slicer 620 slices the induced voltage outputted from the secondary coil of the voltage sensing transformer 610 thereby to generate a sliced signal, and outputs the sliced signal to the amplifier 630. The slicer 620 limits a level of the induced voltage and outputs a signal having higher voltage than a reference voltage as the sliced signal.
The amplifier 630 amplifies the sliced signal from the slicer 620 thereby to generate an amplified signal.
The rectifier 640 rectifies the amplified signal from the amplifier630 thereby to generate a direct current signal.
The A/D converter 650 converts the direct current signal into a digital signal corresponding to a voltage potential of the direct current signal, and outputs the digital signal to the controller as the sensed signal.
The memory 700 stores reference data to be used for controlling the horizontal current of the horizontal deflection coil Hy and for regulating the horizontal width of the CRT raster.
The controller 800 reads reference data out from the memory, and generates a control signal based on the reference data and the sensed signal provided from the A/D converter 650 of the voltage sensing circuit 600. The controller 800 provides the control signal to the current output circuit 900 to control the current output circuit 900. By controlling the current output circuit 900, the controller 800 controls an intensity of the horizontal deflection current flowing through the horizontal deflection coil Hy. The controller 800 controls the horizontal width of the raster displayed on the CRT by generating the control signal corresponding to an instruction signal which is provided from an exterior. When the instruction signal is inputted to the controller 800, the controller 800 reads reference data corresponding to the instruction signal out from the memory 700 and generates the control signal corresponding to the reference data, such that the horizontal width of the raster displayed on the CRT by the control signal is defined.
Further, the controller 800 compares the reference data from the memory 700 with the sensed signal in order to constantly maintain the horizontal width of the raster formed by the control signal when the sensed signal is inputted. The controller 800 varies the control signal generated by the instruction signal according to a comparison result, such that a variation of the horizontal width of the raster which is generated by a variation of CRT beam current intensity is prevented.
The current output circuit 900 controls the intensity of the horizontal deflection current passing through the horizontal deflection coil Hy according to the control signal.
The current output circuit 900 includes a pulse width modulator 910, an integrator 920, and a V-I converter 930.
The pulse width modulator 910 generates a pulse width modulated signal (hereinafter, referred to as PWM signal) according to the control signal.
The integrator 920 integrates the PWM signal from the pulse width modulator 910 thereby to generate an integrated signal.
The V-I converter 930 generates a control current according to a voltage of the integrated signal. The V-I converter 930 according to the present embodiment includes a third transistor Q3, a fourth transistor Q4, a fourth resister R4, and fifth resistor R5. The V-I converter 930 outputs the control current through an emitter of the third transistor Q3.
The integrated signal generated from the integrator 820 is inputted to a base of the fourth transistor Q4 through the fifth resistor R5. Both the third and fourth transistors Q3 and Q4, collectors of which are connected with each other, are biased by a bias source Vcc through the fourth resistor R4. An emitter of the fourth transistor Q4 is connected with a base of the third transistor Q3, such that the emitter current of the third transistor Q3 is controlled by the emitter current of the fourth transistor Q4.
The operation of the circuit according to the present embod3inent will be described in detail below with reference to FIGs. 1 and 2.
As the horizontal driving circuit 100 drives the output transistor Tr of the horizontal output circuit 200, the output transistor Tr is turned on and off with the horizontal deflection frequency. As the output transistor Tr is turned on and off, a horizontal deflection current which is of a sawtooth-shape flows through the horizontal deflection coil Hy, as is well known in the art. The horizontal deflection current of the sawtooth-shape contributed by the damper diode D1 and the resonance capacitor CR is corrected by the linear correction circuit 400 and the east-west pincushion correction circuit 500. At the same time, the FBT 300 generates the high voltage pulses as the output transistor Tr is turned on and off with the horizontal deflection frequency.
On the other hand, when a user provides an instruction signal to the controller 800 in order to adjust the horizontal width of the raster, the controller reads a reference data corresponding to the instruction signal out from the memory and generates a control signal corresponding to the reference data to control the pulse width modulator 910 of the current output circuit 900, such that the V-I converter 930 outputs a current corresponding to the control signal. The current being output from the V-I converter 930 is applied to the horizontal deflection coil Hy together with the vertical parabola signal via the E-W pincushion correction circuit 500 and the choke coil Ly2. Therefore, as illustrated above, the current from the V-I converter 930 determines the intensity of the horizontal deflection current flowing through the horizontal deflection coil, such that the horizontal width of the raster is determined by the user.
Further, the intensity of the electron beam current of CRT is varied while the electron beam is swept across the faceplate of CRT. This variation o the electron beam current intensity has an effect upon the potential of the high voltage pulse and the intensity of the horizontal deflection current determined by the user.
Each potential of the high voltage pulses generated from the FBT 300 is sensed by the voltage sensing circuit 600. The voltage sensing transformer 610 of the voltage sensing circuit 600 generates induced voltage pulses corresponding to each potential of the high voltage pulses.
For example, when the electron beam current of CRT is increased, the potential of the high voltage pulses generated from the FBT 300 at that time drops down. Therefore, a potential of the induced voltage pulse induced at the secondary coil of the voltage sensing transformer 610 also drops down from a normal potential depicted by the dot line in FIG. 2 to an abnormal potential depicted by the solid line in FIG. 2.
And, the induced voltage pulses by the voltage sensing transformer 610 are converted into a digital signal by the A/D converter 650, the slicer 620, the amplifier 630, and the rectifier 640 of the voltage sensing circuit 600.
When the sensed signal sensed by the voltage sensing circuit 600 is inputted to the controller 800, the controller 800 compares the reference data and the sensed signal. The controller 800 controls the pulse width modulator 910 of the current output circuit 900 according to the comparison result.
When the potential of the high voltage pulse is lower than that of the reference data, the controller 800 controls the pulse width modulator 910 to increase the output current of the V-I converter 930. This increase of the output current of the V-I converter 930 increases the horizontal deflection current thereby to prevent the horizontal deflection current from being reduced by the increase of the beam current of CRT.
Therefore, the circuit according to the present invention can regulate the horizontal width of the raster though the beam current of CRT is varied.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred two embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be practiced with modification within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (16)

1. A circuit for regulating a horizontal width of a raster which is generated on a screen of a cathode ray tube display apparatus, the circuit comprising: means for storing reference data; means for sensing an intensity of an electron beam current of the cathode ray tube; and means for reading reference data out from the storing means and controlling an intensity of a horizontal deflection current flowing through a horizontal deflection coil based on the reference data and a sensed signal provided from the sensing means.
2. A circuit as claimed in Claim 1, wherein said sensing means senses a potential of a high voltage generated by a flyback transformer, thereby sensing the electron beam current intensity.
3. A circuit as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein said sensing means includes a voltage sensing transformer having a primary coil which is connected with an output terminal of the high voltage pulse of the flyback transformer and a secondary coil through which an induced voltage signal is outputted; a slicer for slicing the induced voltage signal outputted from the voltage sensing transformer in order to generate a sliced signal; an amplifier for amplifying the sliced signal; a rectifier for rectifying an amplified signal from the amplifier; and an A/D converter for converting a rectified signal into digital signal and outputting the digital signal as the sense signal.
4. A circuit as claimed in any of Claim 1 to Claim 3, wherein said slicer either outputs the induced voltage signal or not according to whether the voltage of the induced voltag signal is higher than a reference voltage in order to generat the sliced signal.
5. A circuit as claimed in any of Claim 1 to Claim 4, wherein said control means includes a current output circuit for controlling the intensity of the horizontal deflection current according to a control signal; and a controller for generating the control signal based on the reference data and the sensed signal.
6. A circuit as claimed in any of Claim 1 to Claim 5, wherein said current output circuit includes a pulse width modulator for generating a pulse width modulated signal according to the control signal; an integrator for integrating the pulse width modulated signal in order to generate an integrated signal; and a V-I converter having an input terminal which is connected with the horizontal deflection coil and an output terminal which is connected with a ground terminal, the V-I converter for converting a voltage of the integrated signal into a current, thereby controlling the current intensity flowing the horizontal deflection coil.
7. A circuit as claimed in any of Claim 1 to Claim 6, wherein each of the reference data corresponds to each horiontal width of the raster.
8. A circuit as claimed in any of Claim 1 to Claim 7, wherein said circuit further comprises a linear correction circuit which is connected with the horizontal deflection coil Hy in order to correct a linear distortion.
9. A circuit as claimed in any of Claim 1 to Claim 8, wherein said circuit further comprises an east-west pincushion correction circuit which is electrically connected with the horizontal deflection coil via a choke coil for correcting a pincushion distortion of the raster according to a vertical parabola signal which is provided from an exterior; and the choke coil for preventing a horizontal deflection frequency component of the horizontal deflection current from having an effect upon the east-west pincushion correction circuit.
10. A circuit for regulating a horizontal width of a raster which is generated on a screen of a cathode ray tube display apparatus including a horizontal output circuit, a horizontal deflection coil, and a flyback transformer, the circuit comprising: a memory for storing reference data; a voltage sensing circuit for sensing a potential of a high voltage generated by a flyback transformer in order to sense an electron beam current intensity of the cathode ray tube; a current output circuit for controlling an intensity of a current passing through the horizontal deflection circuit according to a control signal; and a controller for reading reference data out from the memory and for generating the control signal based on the reference data and the sensed signal.
11. A circuit as claimed in Claim 10, wherein said voltage sensing circuit includes a voltage sensing transformer having a primary coil which is connected with an output terminal of the high voltage pulse of the flyback transformer and a secondary coil through which an induced voltage is outputted; a slicer for slicing the induced voltage outputted from the secondary coil; an amplifier for amplifying a sliced signal from the slicer; a rectifier for rectifying an amplified signal from the amplifier; and an A/D converter for converting a rectified signal into a digital signal and outputting the digital signal as the sensed signal.
12. A circuit as claimed in Claim 10 or Claim 11, wherein said current output circuit includes a pulse width modulator for generating a pulse width modulated signal according to the control signal; an integrator for integrating the pulse width modulated signal order to generate an integrated signal; and a V-I converter having an input terminal which is connected with the horizontal deflection coil and an output terminal which is connected with a ground terminal, the V-I converter for converting a voltage of the integrated signal into a current, thereby controlling the intensity of the current flowing through the horizontal deflection coil.
13. A circuit as claimed in any of Claim 10 to Claim 12, wherein each of the reference data corresponds to each horiontal width of the raster.
14. A circuit as claimed in any Claim 10 to Claim 13, wherein said circuit further comprises a linear correction circuit which is connected with one terminal of the horizontal deflection coil Hy in order to correct a linear distortion.
15. A circuit as claimed in any Claim 10 to Claim 14, wherein said circuit further comprises an east-west pincushion correction circuit which is electrically connected with the horizontal deflection coil via a choke coil for correcting a pincushion distortion of the raster according to a vertical parabola signal which is provided from an exterior; and the choke coil for preventing a horizontal deflection frequency component of the horizontal deflection current from making effect to the east-west pincushion correction circuit.
16. A circuit for regulating a horizontal width of a raster which is generated on a screen of a cathode ray tube display apparatus, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
GB9807041A 1997-05-23 1998-04-01 Horizontal width regulation circuit for a CRT display Withdrawn GB2325601A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1019970020173A KR19980084394A (en) 1997-05-23 1997-05-23 Static Regulation Correction Device for Television

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9807041D0 GB9807041D0 (en) 1998-06-03
GB2325601A true GB2325601A (en) 1998-11-25

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GB9807041A Withdrawn GB2325601A (en) 1997-05-23 1998-04-01 Horizontal width regulation circuit for a CRT display

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JP (1) JPH10341356A (en)
KR (1) KR19980084394A (en)
CN (1) CN1200623A (en)
GB (1) GB2325601A (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002011427A1 (en) * 2000-07-28 2002-02-07 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. East-west distortion correction
CN100496089C (en) * 2004-12-09 2009-06-03 Tcl王牌电子(深圳)有限公司 Method and apparatus for image geometrical distortion compensation of TV set

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20030045953A (en) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-12 엘지전자 주식회사 A Circuit regulation of monitor

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2160079A (en) * 1984-06-05 1985-12-11 Motorola Inc Timebase circuit
GB2193407A (en) * 1986-07-18 1988-02-03 Philips Electronic Associated Television line output circuit
GB2307835A (en) * 1995-11-30 1997-06-04 Daewoo Electronics Co Ltd Overcoming variation of frame size as brightness changes
GB2319940A (en) * 1996-11-27 1998-06-03 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Controlling pincushion correction with brightness to avoid picture bending

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2160079A (en) * 1984-06-05 1985-12-11 Motorola Inc Timebase circuit
GB2193407A (en) * 1986-07-18 1988-02-03 Philips Electronic Associated Television line output circuit
GB2307835A (en) * 1995-11-30 1997-06-04 Daewoo Electronics Co Ltd Overcoming variation of frame size as brightness changes
GB2319940A (en) * 1996-11-27 1998-06-03 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Controlling pincushion correction with brightness to avoid picture bending

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002011427A1 (en) * 2000-07-28 2002-02-07 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. East-west distortion correction
CN100496089C (en) * 2004-12-09 2009-06-03 Tcl王牌电子(深圳)有限公司 Method and apparatus for image geometrical distortion compensation of TV set

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1200623A (en) 1998-12-02
JPH10341356A (en) 1998-12-22
KR19980084394A (en) 1998-12-05
GB9807041D0 (en) 1998-06-03

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