GB2321796A - Ultrasonic cable connection and cable clamp - Google Patents
Ultrasonic cable connection and cable clamp Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2321796A GB2321796A GB9800183A GB9800183A GB2321796A GB 2321796 A GB2321796 A GB 2321796A GB 9800183 A GB9800183 A GB 9800183A GB 9800183 A GB9800183 A GB 9800183A GB 2321796 A GB2321796 A GB 2321796A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- terminal
- wire
- cover body
- connection structure
- holding portion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R43/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
- H01R43/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
- H01R43/0207—Ultrasonic-, H.F.-, cold- or impact welding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
- H01R4/02—Soldered or welded connections
- H01R4/029—Welded connections
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Electrical Connectors (AREA)
- Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
Abstract
A connection between a terminal 20 located in a groove 13 in the end 11 of a connector and an insulated wire 8 placed on the terminal 20 is made pressing a protrusion 14 of a cover 12 into the groove 13 while subjecting the connection to ultrasonic energy so as to melt the insulation and allow the wire to contact the terminal 13; additionally, a cable clamp 15 of the cover 12 removes the insulation from the wire and clamps it to the end 11 of the connector. The cable clamp may have a bevelled edge 16 which engages a corresponding bevelled edge 22 of the terminal 20 to ensure proper location of the terminal while ultrasonic energy is applied.
Description
2321796 P12025GB-JDB/1k WIRE CONNECTION STRUCTURE
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a wire connection structure in which a covered wire is placed on a terminal and ultrasonic wave energy is applied thereto with a pressure so as to melt a cover portion of the wire thereby making core elements and a terminal into conductive contact with each other.
DescriDtion of Relevant Art This kind of art has been disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7-70345. Figs. I are explanatory views for explaining that art while Fig. 1A shows a first member 1 and a second member 2. Both the members 1, 2 are f ormed- of material (plastic) which can be f used by ultrasonic vibration. The f irst member 1 contains groove portions 3 and the second member 2 includes protrusions 4 which engage the groove portions 3.
Figs. 1B, IC show a state in which a terminal 7 is contained in a groove portion 3 and a covered wire 8 is placed thereon. At a bottom face of the groove portion 3 are formed small concave portions 3a and at a top face of the protrusion 4 are formed small protrusions 4a which engage the small concave portions 3a.
According to this art, as shown in Figs. 1A, 1B. the terminal 7 is contained in the groove portion 3 and the covered wire 8 is placed thereon. Then, the second member 2 is mounted on a top f ace of the f irst member 1 such that the protrusions 4 are inserted into the groove portions 3. By applying ultrasonic vibration between the f irst and second members 1, 2 with a pressure, a cover portion of the covered wire 8 nipped between the protrusion 4 and groove portion 3 is melted so as to make the core elements of the covered wire 8 and the terminal 7 into conductive contact with each other. At the same time, the first and second members 1, 2 are f it to each other by fusion, so that an integrated connection structure as shown in Fig. 1D is obtained.
1 According to the aforementioned prior art, as shown in Fig. 1D, the groove portion 3 and protrusion 4 are provided with concave portions 3a and convex portions 4a respectively, so that the wire 8 and terminal 7 are bent and fixed together at the same time.
However, because the terminal 7 is to be bent, control of the installation dimension of the terminal 7 is difficult. Further, because the bent portion carries out both holding of the wire and electrical connection, there is a fear that stress on the wire 8 may deteriorate reliability of electrical connection.
SUMNARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been achieved with such points in view.
It therefore is an object of the invention to provide a wire connection structure which facilitates control of installation dimension of a terminal and is capable of maintaining reliability of electrical connection even when a stress is applied on a wire.
To achieve the object, a first aspect of the invention provides a wire connection structure comprising a connector housing body, a terminal holding portion provided on the connector housing body, a cover body f or clogging the terminal holding portion, terminals disposed in the terminal holding portion, and covered wires containing core elements and cover portion, wherein each of the covered wires is placed in each of the terminals and each of the covered wires is pressed by the cover body toward the terminal while ultrasonic vibration is applied so as to melt the cover portion thereby making the core elements and the terminal into conductive contact with each other, the wire connection structure further comprising wire fixing portions which are provided on the cover body for fusing the covered wire with the terminal holding portion at a portion backward of a rear end of the terminal.
According to the first aspect, the wire fixing portion f ormed on the cover body is f used with the terminal holding portion so that the covered wire is nipped therebetween. Thus, a high wire holding performance can be exerted. Even if a pulling tension is applied to the wire from back, that force is absorbed 2 by this portion thereby preventing that f orce f rom extending to a connection portion between the terminal and core elements.
Therefore, reliability of electrical connection can be improved. Further, if a force is applied to the terminal from front, the terminal is prevented f rom retracting by the wire f ixing portion, so that it can be engaged with a mating terminal appropriately thereby contributing to prevention of improper engagement of the connector.
To achieve the object, a second aspect of the invention provides a wire connection structure according to the f irst aspect wherein the terminal holding portion contains groove portions f or containing the terminals, the cover body has protrusions which engage each of the groove portions and each of the wire fixing portions is formed on a top face of the protrusion so as to protrude.
According to the second aspect, when each of the protrusions is engaged with each of the groove portions, the wire fixing portion is also fit to the groove portion. Thus the wire is held at an appropriate position.
To achieve the object, a third aspect of the invention provides a wire connection structure according to the first or second aspect wherein a terminal side slope portion is f ormed at a rear end of the terminal, a wire f ixing side slope portion is formed on the wire fixing portion and the wire fixing side slope portion positions the terminal at an appropriate position by sliding the terminal side slope portion, accompanying an operation of mounting the cover body on the terminal holding portion.
According to the third aspect, if the terminal is set apart from its proper position, the wire fixing portion brings it back to the proper position.
To achieve the object, a fourth aspect of the invention provides a wire connection structure according to the any one of first to third aspect wherein a space for releasing melted cover portion when the wire fixing portion is fused is provided inside the cover body behind the wire fixing portion.
According to the fourth aspect, the space for releasing the 3 melted cover portion is provided, and therefore even if various kinds of the covered wires having a dif f erent diameter are used for connection, the melted cover portion can be released sufficiently in any case thereby holding the wire securely at the wire fixing portion.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
The above and further objects and novel features of the present invention will more fully appear from the following detailed description when the same is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figs. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D are explanatory views of a prior art while Fig. 1A is a perspective view showing structures of a first and second members, Fig. 1B is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which a terminal and covered wire are contained in a groove portion of a first member, Fig. 1C is a front view showing the identical state and Fig. 1D is a longitudinal sectional view showing a state in which the connection is completed; 20 Fig. 2 is a disassembly perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention; and Figs. 3A, 3B, 3C are sectional views of major parts in each step of the embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The contents of United States Patent No. 5, 584, 122 are incorporated herein by reference.
There will be detailed below the preferred embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Like members are designated by like reference characters.
Fig. 2 is an explanatory view of a connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to the same Figure, reference numeral 10 denotes a connector housing body, numeral 12 denotes a cover body and numeral 20 denotes a terminal. The connector housing body 10 and cover body 12 are formed of resin which can be fused by ultrasonic wave. At a rear end of the connector housing body 10 is formed a terminal 4 holding portion 11 so as to protrude. The cover body 12 is formed in a shape for clogging this terminal holding portion 11.
The terminal holding portion 11 has a plurality of groove portions 13 and the cover body 12 contains protrusions 14 which engage the groove portions 13. On a top face of a rear end of the protrusion 14 is disposed a wire f ixing portion 15 which f aces downward so as to protrude. The wire fixing portion 15 is formed in a width larger than the protrusion 14 so as to engage the groove portion 13 fittingly, and has a slope portion 16 at a front end corner thereof. Front end portions 19a of width-direction both-side wall 19 of the cover body 12 are pointed so as to be fused by ultrasonic wave when they are pressed to the terminal holding portion 11.
The terminal 20 has a wire connecting portion 21 having a U- shaped cross section at a rear end thereof. The wire connecting portion 21 comprises a bottom wall 21a on which a covered wire is to be placed and a pair of right and lef t vertical walls 21b, 21b raised from both edges of the bottom wall 21a. Aninterval between the pair of the vertical walls 21b, 21b is designed so as to secure a predetermined gap between the vertical wall 21b and a side face of the protrusion 14 when the protrusion 14 is inserted in between the vertical walls 21b and 21b. A corner of a rear end of the vertical wall 21b is cut obliquely and this portion is a slope portion 22 which corresponds to the slope portion 16 provided on the wire fixing portion 15 of the aforementioned cover body 12. The wire fixing portions 15 are formed slightly forward of the rear end of the cover body 12.
Consequently, a space 17 for releasing melted cover portion is secured back of the wire fixing portion 15.
Referring to Fig. 3A, 3B, 3C, steps for forming a connector by connecting the terminal 20 to the covered wire will be described.
First, the terminal 20 is inserted from a front end thereof into the groove portion 13 provided in the terminal holding portion 11 of the connector housing body 10 so that the wire connecting portion 21 is located in the terminal holding portion 11. Next, as shown in Fig. 3A, a covered wire 8 is placed on the bottom wall 21a of the wire connecting portion 21 of the terminal 20. Then, the cover body 12 is mounted thereon, such that each of the protrusions 14 of the cover body 12 is inserted into a gap between the vertical walls 21b of the wire connecting portion 21 of the terminal 20 disposed in each of the groove portions 13 of the terminal holding portion 11.
With this condition, a predetermined gap is secured between the vertical wall 21b and a side face of the protrusion 14.
Further, there is secured an appropriate gap between the cover body 12 and terminal holding portion 11 (e.g., between a top face of the terminal holding portion 11 and a bottom face of the cover body 12) so as to avoid a contact therebetween except the f ront end portions 19a of the width -direct lon both-side wall 19 of the cover body 12.
With this condition, as shown in Fig. 3B, the cover body 12 is pressed by a ultrasonic horn 50 and mounted on the terminal holding portion 11. If the terminal 20 is deviated backward from its proper position during that operation, the slope portion 16 at the front end of the wire f i-xing portion 15 makes contact with the slope portion 22 at the rear end of the terminal 20, so that the terminal 20 slides and then is brought forward to its proper position.
At the same time when the protrusion 14 presses the covered wire 8, ultrasonic vibration is applied to the cover body 12 (applying vertical vibration). Consequently, ultrasonic wave energy is concentrated on the protrusion 14 which nips the covered wire 8 with a bottom f ace of the groove portion 13, so that a cover portion 8b of the covered wire 8 is melted and then core elements 8a are exposed. Then, the core elements 8a make contact with the terminal 20 so that conductivity is attained therebetween.
Finally, as shown in Fig. 3C, a front end of the wire f ixing portion 15 inserted into the groove portion 13 is f it to the melted cover portion 8b and terminal holding portion 11 by fusion, with the covered wire 8 nipped securely between that front end and the terminal holding portion 11, so that an integrated connector is produced.
Thus, the covered wire 8 is held f irmly by the wire f ixing 6 portion 15 at a rear end of the terminal 20. Even if a tension is applied to the covered wire 8 from back, this is absorbed by this fused portion, so that that force is not extended to the terminal 20 and core elements 8a, thereby raising reliability of electrical connection. If a force is applied to the terminal 20 from front, the terminal 20 is prevented from retracting by the wire fixing portion 15, so that the terminal 20 can be engaged with a mating terminal appropriately, thereby contributing to prevention of improper engagement of the connector.
When the wire fixing portion 15 is fused, the melted cover portion 8b is accommodated by the space 17 back of the wire f ixing portion 15. Thus, the appearance of the rear end of the connector is not damaged and the melted cover portion Bb can be released sufficiently, thereby intensifying the strength of the fused portion. In this case, because the space 17 is located back of the wire f ixing portion 15, this can be set in a suf f 1ciently large size thereby making it possible to correspond to the covered wires of many kinds of the diameter.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described using specific terms, such description is for illustrative purposes, and it is to be understood that changes and variations may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the following claims.
7
Claims (1)
- What is claimed is:1. A wire connection structure comprising:a connector housing body; a terminal holding portion provided on said connector housing body; a cover body for clogging said terminal holding portion; terminals disposed in said terminal holding portion; and covered wires containing core elements and cover portion, wherein each of said covered wires is placed in each of said terminals and each of said covered wires is pressed by said cover body toward said terminal while ultrasonic vibration is applied so as to melt said cover portion thereby making said core elements and said terminal into conductive contact with each other, said wire connection structure further comprising wire f ixing portions which are provided on said cover body f or f using said covered wire with said terminal holding portion at a portion backward of a rear end of said terminal.2. A wire connection structure according to claim 1 wherein said terminal holding portion contains groove portions for containing said terminals, said cover body has protrusions which engage each of said groove portions and each of said wire fixing portions is formed on a top face of said protrusion so as to protrude. 3. A wire connection structure according to claim 1 or 2 wherein a terminal side slope portion is f ormed at a rear end of said terminal, a wire f Ixing side slope portion is f ormed on said wire fixing portion and said wire fixing side slope portion positions said terminal at an appropriate position by sliding said terminal side slope portion accompanying an operation of mounting said cover body on said terminal holding portion. 4. A wire connection structure according to claim 1 wherein a space. f or releasing melted cover portion when said wire f ixing portion is f used is provided inside said cover body behind said wire fixing portion.8 A method of manufacturing a wire connection structure comprising a connector housing body; a terminal holding portion provided on said connector housing body; a cover body for clogging said terminal holding portion; terminals disposed in said terminal holding portion; and covered wires containing core elements and cover portion, wherein each of said covered wires is placed in each of said terminals and each of said covered wires is pressed by said cover body toward said terminal while ultrasonic vibration is applied so as to melt said cover portion thereby making said core elements and said terminal into conductive contact with each other, said wire connection structure further comprising wire fixing portions which are provided on said cover body for fusing said covered wire with said terminal holding portion at a portion backward of a rear end of said terminal.6. A wire connection structure, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to, and as shown in, Figures 2, 3A, 3B and 3C of the accompanying drawings.7. A method of manufacturing a wire connection structure, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 2, 3A, 3B and 3C of the accompanying drawings.8. Any novel feature or combination of features described herein.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP00229697A JP3311625B2 (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1997-01-09 | Wire connection structure |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9800183D0 GB9800183D0 (en) | 1998-03-04 |
| GB2321796A true GB2321796A (en) | 1998-08-05 |
| GB2321796B GB2321796B (en) | 1999-04-28 |
Family
ID=11525414
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9800183A Expired - Fee Related GB2321796B (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1998-01-06 | Wire connection structure |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5959253A (en) |
| JP (1) | JP3311625B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19800099C2 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2321796B (en) |
Families Citing this family (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000048901A (en) * | 1998-07-27 | 2000-02-18 | Yazaki Corp | Water-proof connector |
| US7137980B2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2006-11-21 | Sherwood Services Ag | Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator |
| US7901400B2 (en) | 1998-10-23 | 2011-03-08 | Covidien Ag | Method and system for controlling output of RF medical generator |
| US7364577B2 (en) | 2002-02-11 | 2008-04-29 | Sherwood Services Ag | Vessel sealing system |
| US6837751B2 (en) | 2002-07-25 | 2005-01-04 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Electrical connector incorporating terminals having ultrasonically welded wires |
| US6588646B2 (en) | 2001-11-24 | 2003-07-08 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Ultrasonic welding of wires through the insulation jacket thereof |
| US7044948B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2006-05-16 | Sherwood Services Ag | Circuit for controlling arc energy from an electrosurgical generator |
| CA2516444C (en) * | 2003-02-20 | 2011-11-01 | Sherwood Services Ag | System and method for connecting an electrosurgical instrument to a generator |
| US7722601B2 (en) | 2003-05-01 | 2010-05-25 | Covidien Ag | Method and system for programming and controlling an electrosurgical generator system |
| WO2005050151A1 (en) | 2003-10-23 | 2005-06-02 | Sherwood Services Ag | Thermocouple measurement circuit |
| US7396336B2 (en) | 2003-10-30 | 2008-07-08 | Sherwood Services Ag | Switched resonant ultrasonic power amplifier system |
| US7131860B2 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2006-11-07 | Sherwood Services Ag | Connector systems for electrosurgical generator |
| US7628786B2 (en) | 2004-10-13 | 2009-12-08 | Covidien Ag | Universal foot switch contact port |
| US9474564B2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2016-10-25 | Covidien Ag | Method and system for compensating for external impedance of an energy carrying component when controlling an electrosurgical generator |
| US8734438B2 (en) | 2005-10-21 | 2014-05-27 | Covidien Ag | Circuit and method for reducing stored energy in an electrosurgical generator |
| US7947039B2 (en) | 2005-12-12 | 2011-05-24 | Covidien Ag | Laparoscopic apparatus for performing electrosurgical procedures |
| TW200726243A (en) * | 2005-12-16 | 2007-07-01 | Innolux Display Corp | Flat panel display |
| US7513896B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2009-04-07 | Covidien Ag | Dual synchro-resonant electrosurgical apparatus with bi-directional magnetic coupling |
| US8685016B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2014-04-01 | Covidien Ag | System and method for tissue sealing |
| CA2574934C (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2015-12-29 | Sherwood Services Ag | System and method for closed loop monitoring of monopolar electrosurgical apparatus |
| CA2575392C (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2015-07-07 | Sherwood Services Ag | System and method for tissue sealing |
| US8147485B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2012-04-03 | Covidien Ag | System and method for tissue sealing |
| CA2574935A1 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2007-07-24 | Sherwood Services Ag | A method and system for controlling an output of a radio-frequency medical generator having an impedance based control algorithm |
| US8216223B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2012-07-10 | Covidien Ag | System and method for tissue sealing |
| US9186200B2 (en) | 2006-01-24 | 2015-11-17 | Covidien Ag | System and method for tissue sealing |
| US7651493B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2010-01-26 | Covidien Ag | System and method for controlling electrosurgical snares |
| US7651492B2 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2010-01-26 | Covidien Ag | Arc based adaptive control system for an electrosurgical unit |
| US7794457B2 (en) | 2006-09-28 | 2010-09-14 | Covidien Ag | Transformer for RF voltage sensing |
| US8777941B2 (en) | 2007-05-10 | 2014-07-15 | Covidien Lp | Adjustable impedance electrosurgical electrodes |
| US7834484B2 (en) | 2007-07-16 | 2010-11-16 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Connection cable and method for activating a voltage-controlled generator |
| US8216220B2 (en) | 2007-09-07 | 2012-07-10 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | System and method for transmission of combined data stream |
| US8512332B2 (en) | 2007-09-21 | 2013-08-20 | Covidien Lp | Real-time arc control in electrosurgical generators |
| US8226639B2 (en) | 2008-06-10 | 2012-07-24 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | System and method for output control of electrosurgical generator |
| US8262652B2 (en) | 2009-01-12 | 2012-09-11 | Tyco Healthcare Group Lp | Imaginary impedance process monitoring and intelligent shut-off |
| US9872719B2 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2018-01-23 | Covidien Lp | Systems and methods for generating electrosurgical energy using a multistage power converter |
| US9655670B2 (en) | 2013-07-29 | 2017-05-23 | Covidien Lp | Systems and methods for measuring tissue impedance through an electrosurgical cable |
| KR101575441B1 (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-12-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | RF connector assembly for vehicle |
| JP2017152224A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-08-31 | 住友電装株式会社 | Bonded article made of core wire and bonding object, terminal, ultrasonic bonding device, and method of bonding between core wire and bonding object |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3699498A (en) * | 1970-04-30 | 1972-10-17 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Devices for making electrical connections |
| NL162580B (en) * | 1970-12-17 | 1980-01-15 | Philips Nv | METHOD FOR ULTRASONIC WELDING OF WIRES ON THE METAL SURFACE OF A CARRIER. |
| DE69422470T2 (en) * | 1989-08-02 | 2000-05-25 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Potted component unit for connecting lead wires and manufacturing process for the same |
| JPH0770345B2 (en) * | 1990-06-28 | 1995-07-31 | 株式会社エーユーイー研究所 | Connector manufacturing method and connector |
| JPH0770345A (en) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-03-14 | Tokyo Ingusu Kk | Electromagnetic shielded plastic molding |
| US5584122A (en) * | 1994-04-01 | 1996-12-17 | Yazaki Corporation | Waterproof connection method for covered wire with resin encapsulation |
-
1997
- 1997-01-09 JP JP00229697A patent/JP3311625B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-01-02 DE DE19800099A patent/DE19800099C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-06 GB GB9800183A patent/GB2321796B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-07 US US09/003,705 patent/US5959253A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US5959253A (en) | 1999-09-28 |
| DE19800099C2 (en) | 2002-07-11 |
| GB9800183D0 (en) | 1998-03-04 |
| DE19800099A1 (en) | 1998-07-23 |
| JPH10199582A (en) | 1998-07-31 |
| GB2321796B (en) | 1999-04-28 |
| JP3311625B2 (en) | 2002-08-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20160106 |