GB2315785A - Wall panel - Google Patents
Wall panel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2315785A GB2315785A GB9616031A GB9616031A GB2315785A GB 2315785 A GB2315785 A GB 2315785A GB 9616031 A GB9616031 A GB 9616031A GB 9616031 A GB9616031 A GB 9616031A GB 2315785 A GB2315785 A GB 2315785A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- panel
- wall panel
- edge
- panels
- polymer concrete
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002986 polymer concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000035742 Air-borne transmission Diseases 0.000 description 1
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000064864 Sorghum bicolor var. caffrorum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005557 airborne transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009429 electrical wiring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035929 gnawing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000582 polyisocyanurate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011495 polyisocyanurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
- E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
- E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
- E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
- E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
- E04C2/2885—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material with the insulating material being completely surrounded by, or embedded in, a stone-like material, e.g. the insulating material being discontinuous
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
A wall panel for use in constructing a dwelling comprises opposite skins of resin polymer concrete material and an inner core of insulating material. The panel may be provided with door or window openings and is located at ground level by a prefabricated locating plate which engages a groove in the lower edge of the panel.
Description
APPLICATION TO THE PATENT OFFICE 1. pp0icant.
MARK CHRISTOPHE COURTNEY Z. Subiect The patent will relate to the Mr. M.C. COURTNEYS
product. The product comprises a series of
prefabricated panels to form internal and external
walls for both single Storey and two storey
dwellings. These panels are constructed from a
resin polymer concrete formed in precision moulds
to give a total minimum thickness of 95mm. All
internal cavities within the panel thickness are
fulty filled with preformed insulation slabs, either
of dense Rockwool quilt or foamed polyisocyanurate
depending on sound deadening properties required.
The external faces can be self finished or have
various decorative treatments applied after
erection. Internal faces can again be self finished
or receive varying finishes according to location
and specification. Party walls comprise two
thicknesses of standard panels spaced apart and
filled between, if necessary, to achieve the required density for the 1 local requirement for sound reduction properties.
The whole series of panels rest onto preformed sole
plates which are bolted down to concrete foundations
suitably designed for the locally existing site
conditions.
The roofs generally comprise conventional timber,
gangnail, roof trusses with coverings of felt,
battens and s7ate/tile. Other roof construction can
be supplied if specified.
All buildings can be supplied to any stage of
completion from roofed over shell for self finishing
or to a luxury "turn-key" specification including
fully concealed electrical wiring and plumbing/heating.
Introduction
Two full panels, a window panel and a door panel together with wooden lintels and bases were supplied. These were tested according to instructions from Future Building Systems [International] Ltd under the prescribed loading system. The loading requirement was that four equal loads should be applied at 600mm centres to the wooden lintel at the top and that stiff support should be supplied to the panel through the base. A 3000kN Amsler Testing Machine, which wqs calibrated by Testwell Ltd. immediately prior to the tests, was used to apply the loads.
A preliminary test was carried out own a full panel in order to observe its behavious and that of the loading and recording systems. Minor modifications were made to the support and recording systems and instructions for the loading sequence were received.
Deflections of the panels were measured musing dial gauges.
Loading and Recordinz Svstems The loading system, designed to apply 200kN, is shown in Figure 1 and Plate 1. It distributes the applied load by means of simply supported beams and rollers to the required positions on the lintel.
The test on Full Panel 1, as shown in Plate 1, was carried out with no lateral support at the top.
This allowed lateral movement of the top of the panel during the test so that the load was not truly in the plane of the panel. Lateral restraint without rotational retraint, Plate 2 was introduced at the top of the panel giving satisfactory testing conditions. The Door Panel was bedded in Kaffir D and screwed to its base.
The loading sequence for full Panel 2 was:1. Load to 20tS and hold for 5 minutes 2. Unload to 5N 3. Load in 7 equal steps to 47kN 4. Hold at 47kN for 1 Hour 5. Load in 4 equal steps to 68kN 6. Hold at 68kN for 1 hour 7. Unload to 5kN 8. Load to 68kN 9. Remove dial gauges 10. Load until serious cracking observed
It was considered that unloading from 47kN was more indicative than from 68kN and the sequence for the
Window and Door Panels was as above but with steps 5 and 6 deleted.
Lateral displacements were recorded at the centre of each of the panels on the upright members and vertical displacements were recorded at the base of the panel. Dial gauge positions for Full Panel 1 are seen in Plate 1 and for Full Panel 2 in Plate 2.
Results and Discussion
Full Panel 2 withstood a load of 130kN before cracking was observed and plates 2 to 8 illustrate the loading sequence and show the final failure cracks at maximum load. The material failed in tension where the tensile stress due to lateral bending exceeded the axial compressive stress by an amount sufficient to cause failure. As is clear from plate 8, the main members of the Panel had not failed at this load.
In all cases although signifiant cracking was observed at the loads indicted in Figures 17 to 19 thre was no tendency for the panels to collapse or buckle.
The prescribed loading pattern for the tests, that is equal loads at 600mm centres, is far more severe than is experienced by the panels in situ. Working panels are always attached to adjacent panels and combined lateral stiffness is ensured by using a tongue and groove type fixing. The loads at the ends of working panels are therefore distributed between adjacent panels. The lateral bending and lateral displacements of the test panels are therefore much greater than would be experienced in practise. A further factor increasing test displacements is the bending due to an interaction between in plane loads and lateral displacements.
Conclusions 1. Vertical displacements were sensibly linear up
to a total load of about 40kN.
2. Lateral displacements were significant from the
commencement of loading as would be expected
from the design of the panel.
3. Little evidence of creep was apparent below a
total load of about 30kN.
4. Significant creep took place above 30kN.
5. Complex displacement patterns were observed due
to the method of construction and material of
the panels.
6. Despite large lateral displacements, cracking
of the panels did not take place below about 130kN for the Full panel, 90kN for the Window
panel and llDkN for the Door panel.
7. The prescribed loading pattern was far more
stringent than would be experienced by the
panels in situ.
8. The panels did not collapse even after
significant cracking.
9. There was no evidence of buckling of the
panels.
10. The panels are able to withtand at least four
times the maximum working load [7.5kN on each
loading point, that is 22.5kN per panel]
without noticeable separation or cracking.
N.J. Woodman, M.Sc Ph.D, MICE. C.Eng.
Each panel is capable of withstanding sustained wind
loading from 65 m/sec wind speed and the total
structure is braced and connected to achieve the
same integrity.
Two storey buildings have to be designed by a
Structural Engineer to ensure that sufficient
stiffness can be achieved at both first floor and
roof levels to comply with this loading.
Panels can be used as a cladding when fixed to
suitably designed structural frameworks.
7. Thermal Performance
Heat loss/heat gain values of completed buildings
are variable depending on the full specification of
insulation, glazing and external finishes.
The panels themselves, are highly insulated and can
achieve an average "U" value of better than 0.4
W/sqm.K.
The insulation properties of the panels are
illustrated by the figures from the Loss Prevention
Council test where the temperature inside the
furnace was 700or but the thermocouples on the
outside surface of the panel registered temperatures
of 320C or less after 30 mins exposure.
8. Durability
The make up of the panels comprises a mixture of
polyester resin, silicon sand, clay aggregate and
styrene. The resins and styrene are to comply to
Lloyds 100A + standard, whilst all other materials
are inert.
Due to the ultra violet protection afforded by the
fillers and applied external finish a life in excess
of 80 years can be expected. With continued
maintenance such life would be greatly extended.
All fixings are plated or galvanised and there is no
embedded reinforcement to cause problems due to
induced corrosion stresses.
9. Acoustic Performance
Acoustic resistance is achieved by ensuring that
walls of a certain mass per sq.m. are placed between
adjoining separate habitable units.
Such party walls are constructed from two separate
skins of panels and filled between with insitu
concrete to give a minimum total mass of 4t5Kg/sq.m with all gaps sealed with sand/cement mortar to
prevent airborne transmissions.
10. Condensation
All window frames are provided with built in trickle
vents with insect screening. All areas of high
vapour production e.g. kitchens and
bathrooms/showers are supplied with electrical
extract vent fans connected to the lighting but with
a separate overide switch for use without the
lights.
11. Rodents and Boring Insects
The matrix material can be compared with concrete
and is therefore proof against boring insects and
gnawing animals.
Patent Application No. 9616031.2
List of attached drawing.
FIGURE:01. Window instalation diagram.
FIGURE:02. Door instalation diagram.
FIGURE:03. Miscellaneous fixing down details.
FIGURE:04. Internal wall details.
FIGURE:05. Typical section thro. party wall.
FIGURE:06. Typical junction internal and external
walls.
FIGURE:07. Sole plate joint details.
FIGURE:08. Alternative wall panel joint system.
Claims (7)
1) A wall panel for use in constructing a building, the panel comprising opposite skins of resin polymer concrete material and an inner core of insulating material.
2) A wall panel as claimed in claim 1, in which the resin polymer concrete material extends along a lower edge of the panel and is formed with a groove for seating the panel over the complementary rib of a sole plate.
3) A wall panel as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in which the resin polymer concrete material extends over opposite vertical edges of the panel, one vertical edge being formed with a groove and the other vertical edge being formed with a complementary rib to enable two such panels to be interfitted edge-to-edge.
4) A wall panel as claimed in any preceding claim, formed with an opening to receive a window or door frame, the resin polymer concrete material extending over the edges of the opening.
5) A wall panel as claimed in claim 4, in which one of the skins thereof is formed with a cheek extending around the edge of the opening, for the window or door frame to abut against.
6) A wall panel as claimed in claim 4 or 5, in which a capillary groove is formed in the edge of and extends around the opening.
7) A wall panel as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the inner core comprises a preformed panel of insulating material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9616031A GB2315785A (en) | 1996-07-31 | 1996-07-31 | Wall panel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9616031A GB2315785A (en) | 1996-07-31 | 1996-07-31 | Wall panel |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9616031D0 GB9616031D0 (en) | 1996-09-11 |
| GB2315785A true GB2315785A (en) | 1998-02-11 |
Family
ID=10797763
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9616031A Withdrawn GB2315785A (en) | 1996-07-31 | 1996-07-31 | Wall panel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2315785A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2048300A1 (en) | 2007-10-08 | 2009-04-15 | Serr.All. S.r.l. | Prefabricated or composed wall for window or door |
| CN104060751A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-09-24 | 河南德霖集成房屋有限公司 | Bridge cutoff composite board |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1138637A (en) * | 1965-03-29 | 1969-01-01 | Ennio Bortolaso | An improved building panel |
| GB1161137A (en) * | 1966-12-07 | 1969-08-13 | Entpr S Balency & Schuhl S A | Constructional Building Panel. |
| GB2084511A (en) * | 1980-09-23 | 1982-04-15 | Dillon Edward | Building material |
| GB2147026A (en) * | 1983-09-26 | 1985-05-01 | Muanyagipari Kutato Intezet | Externally reinforced polymer concrete structures |
| GB2164072A (en) * | 1984-07-03 | 1986-03-12 | Alexander Mcneil | Composite concrete building panel |
-
1996
- 1996-07-31 GB GB9616031A patent/GB2315785A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1138637A (en) * | 1965-03-29 | 1969-01-01 | Ennio Bortolaso | An improved building panel |
| GB1161137A (en) * | 1966-12-07 | 1969-08-13 | Entpr S Balency & Schuhl S A | Constructional Building Panel. |
| GB2084511A (en) * | 1980-09-23 | 1982-04-15 | Dillon Edward | Building material |
| GB2147026A (en) * | 1983-09-26 | 1985-05-01 | Muanyagipari Kutato Intezet | Externally reinforced polymer concrete structures |
| GB2164072A (en) * | 1984-07-03 | 1986-03-12 | Alexander Mcneil | Composite concrete building panel |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2048300A1 (en) | 2007-10-08 | 2009-04-15 | Serr.All. S.r.l. | Prefabricated or composed wall for window or door |
| CN104060751A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-09-24 | 河南德霖集成房屋有限公司 | Bridge cutoff composite board |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9616031D0 (en) | 1996-09-11 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |