GB2308463A - Thermally stabilised laser print head with cylinder lens - Google Patents
Thermally stabilised laser print head with cylinder lens Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2308463A GB2308463A GB9626136A GB9626136A GB2308463A GB 2308463 A GB2308463 A GB 2308463A GB 9626136 A GB9626136 A GB 9626136A GB 9626136 A GB9626136 A GB 9626136A GB 2308463 A GB2308463 A GB 2308463A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- mount
- print head
- sub
- cylinder lens
- flexures
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/435—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material
- B41J2/447—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using arrays of radiation sources
- B41J2/45—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of radiation to a printing material or impression-transfer material using arrays of radiation sources using light-emitting diode [LED] or laser arrays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
- G02B7/028—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Lens Barrels (AREA)
- Mounting And Adjusting Of Optical Elements (AREA)
- Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
Description
1 2308463 METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A MICRO-OPTICS ASSEMBLY
BACKGROUND OF THE UMNTION 5 Field of the Invention
This invention relates to laser dye printers in general, and in particular to sub-mounts for attaching micro-optics to laser arrays and other structures.
'Description of Related Art
In one type of thermal printer, a dye-donor element is placed over a receiver. The superposed elements cooperate with a print head having a plurality of individual lasers. When a particular laser is energized, it causes dye from the donor to transfer to the receiver. The density or darkness of the colored dye transferred to the receiver is a function of the energy delivered from the lasers to the donor. The lasers are usually arranged in an array of diode lasers which can be selectively actuated to direct radiation onto the dye donor. The laser array forms successive swaths of scan lines on the receiver as the laser array and the receiver are moved relative to each other. Each of the swaths includes a plurality of parallel scan lines, A new generation of laser dye printers uses a laser diode array with ten individually addressable write elements. Each write element includes sixteen single mode lasers. The divergence of laser beams in a cross array direction is minimized by focusing the light th rough a cylinder lens and then overlapping, or combining the light with by a combiner lens, resulting in a single write spot.
It has been found advantageous to use a plurality of lasers to generate an image with a plurality of simultaneously produced dots.
'It is necessary to accurately focus light from output ends of the lasers onto the dye donor to produce high quality images. To do this, all of the output ends of the lasers must be in a single, well defined plane. A cylinder lens, supported on the print head is adapted to focus the lasers in the array on the dye donor. Accurate alignment between the lasers and the cylinder lens is necessary to precisely control the amount of dye transferred.
A problem encountered with the type of construction described, is related to the small diameter of the cylinder lenses. Typical diameters are on the order of 100 Imicrons to 200 rmicrons. These cylider lenses may sag under their own weight during assembly, creating a misalignment between the laser array and the cylinder lens, and production time will be lost to correct the problem. Nfisalignment may also occur during operation, due to thermal contraction or expansion of the mounting assembly used to hold the cylinder lens. This Misalignment reduces the amount of energy transferred to the dye io donor and the receiver, and adversely affects the quality of printing.
Some manufacturers correct this operational problem by matching the thermal expansion of the cylinder lens to the thermal expansion of the laser array mount. Thus, when the laser array mount changes temperature during operation, the cylinder lens does not sag due to differential thermal expansion between the cylinder lens and the laser array mount. However, this system requires matching the therTnal characteristics of the laser array mount and cylinder lens, and laser array mounts from different manufacturers may not match the thermal expansion characteristics of different cylinder lenses, since the composition of the cylinder lenses varies widely.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for attaching micro-optics such as cylinder lenses to a wide variety of laser arrays from different manufacturers, without matching the thermal characteristic of the laser array mount and cylinder lens. It is also an object of the present invention to reduce misalignment between the cylinder lens and laser array, both during assembly, and during operation.
A micro-optic assembly according to the present mivention has a comb mer lens, a cylinder lens, and sub-mount. The sub-mount has a coefficient of thermal expansion approximately the same as the thermal expansion of the cylinder lens. Quartz and optical glasses with different indices of reflaction and different thermal expansions may be 35 used for sub-mount and cylinder lens, as long as the sub-mount and cylmder lens are made of this same material, in order to closely match -3their thermal expansion characteristics. A flexure with optical transparency greater than 30 percent is used to attach the micro-optic' assembly to the print head with a UV (ultra-violet) curable adhesive. Slots in the print head prevent wicking of the adhesive along the laser 5 array or the cylinder lens.
The invention includes the method of constructing a print head, comprising the steps of attaching a cylinder lens, under tension, to a sub-mount and attaching the sub-mount to a print head block so that the cylinder lens is adjacent to and aligned 'with a laser diode array,on the print head block. The bonding material usedlo attached the flexure to the print head block and sub-mount is optically cured through openings in the flexure, which simplifies the manufacturing process.
Slots cut into the print head block prevent wicking of adhesive onto the cylinder lens. A combiner lens is attached to the sub-mount as a final step in some embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 shows an exploded, perspective view of a micro optic assembly according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view of a cylinder lens holder used in attaching a cylinder lens to the sub-mount shown in Figure 1 Figure 3 shows a plan view of a flexure.
Figure 4 shows an exploded perspective view of a print head according to the present invention.
Figure 5 shows a perspective view of the assembled print head shown in Figure 4.
Figure 6 shows a top plan view of the assembled print head shown in Figure 5.
Figure 7 shows an enlargement of area A of the print head shown in Figure 6.
Figure 8 shows a top plan view of an alternate embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to Figure 1, a micro-optics assembly is shown, referred to in general by numeral 10. Nficro-optics assembly 10 is comprised of a cylinder lens 20, sub-mount 30, and combiner lens 40.
The sub-mount 30 is a generally U-shaped structure with slots 31 provided for attaching cylinder lens 20. Slots 31 are cut to accommodate a cylinder lens approximately 100 to 200 micron in diameter, and approximately 1.5 em long. Sub-mount 30 may be used for cylinder lenses with diameters of 50 to 1000 microns as long as the dimensions of slots 31 are adjusted accordingly.
Cylinder lens 20 is extremely flexible and will sag under its own weight if not properly attached to the sub-mount 30.. The positioning tolerances for the cylinder lens 20 are critical, and are measured in tenths of microns. To achieve this precision during assembly, the cylinder lens 20.is attached to the sub-mount 30 by means of a cylinder lens holder 25 shown in Figure 2. Holder 25 retains the cylinder lens 2Q under tension so it will not sag during attachment to the sub-mount. Tension is applied by spring loading the cylinder lens 20 in the holder 25 prior to attaching the cylinder lens 20 to the sub-mount 30. A UV curable adhesive 32, shown in Figure 6, is used to hold cylinder lens 20 in sub-mount 30.
The combiner lens 40, shown in Figure 1, is not attached to the sub-mount 30 at this step. Combiner lens 40, when attached, fits into the sub-mount 30 on the opposite surface of the sub-mount from cylinder lens 20, as shown in Figure 6.
An anti-reflection coating is applied to the cylinder lens to achieve additional throughput or optical efficiency. In the preferred embodiment, the coating is applied after the cylinder lens is attached to the sub-mount. The cylinder lens is held, by the sub-mount in an evaporator used to apply the anti-reflection coating. The cylinder lens is oriented with the optical path parallel to the evaporation stream to insure that the proper portions of the cylinder lens are coated. This greatly simplifies placing an anti-reflection coating on the cylinder lens.
The sub-mount and cylinder lens must be heated when applying the anti-reflective coating. Therefore, the adhesive used to attach the cylinder lens to the sub-mount must be able to withstand these -5 temperatures. Titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide are applied in alternate layers to form the anti-reflective coating.
The next step is to attach flexures 50, shown in Figure 3, to the ends of the sub-mount 30. The flexures 50 have a network of holes 52 through the flexure such that the optical transmission of each flexures is between 10% and 60%. Optical transmission as used here, means that light can pass through an opening in the flexures to activate UV curable adhesive. The range of optical transmission for the flexures is not critical. However, with optical transmission below 10%, there may not be sufficient curing of the UV adhesive to satisfactorily hold flexures 50 to sub-mount 30. If optical transparency is increased above 60% by an additional number of holes, the mechanical strength of flexures 50 may be weakened to such an extent that the flexures will tear when subjected to repeated bending. In the preferred embodiment, the flexures 50, have holes 52 of diameter D on a pitch of 2D in the horizontal direction, and a staggered pitch of I D in the vertical direction. This,produces an optical a transmission through the flexure of approximately 40%.
In the preferred embodiment, the flexures are electroformed of nickel, which is a relatively inexpensive process. The flexures are approximately 0.001 inches thick, although a range of thickness from.0005 to.005 inches is acceptable. Since the nickel flexures have an optical transmission of 40%, UV curable adhesives 54, shown in Figure 4, are used to attach flexures 50 to sub-mount 30.
After the flexures 50 have been attached to the sub-mount and an anti-reflective coating has been applied, the cylinder lens 20 is aligned to the laser diode array 70, as shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6.
The sub-mount is then attached to the print head block 80 by flexures with a UV curable adhesive 32. In the preferred embodiment described above, flexures 50 are attached to the sub-mount 30, before the sub-mount is attached to print head block 80. However, flexures 50 may be attached to print head block 80 first. Alternatively, flexures 50 may be attached to print head block 80 and sub-mount 30 simultaneously, after the alignment step.
A UV curable adhesive 54 has a long pot life combined with a fast cure time on exposure to UV light. This fast cure time once 15.
the cylinder lens is in place, allows for more efficient production. It eliminates the necessity for rapid alignment of the cylinder lens 20 to the laser diode array 70, which is necessary when a prior art quick cure adhesive is used, which may result in reworking a piece if the adhesive sets before alignment is complete. The present invention also alleviates problems with slow cure adhesives. Using a slow cure adhesive increases the time required to manufacture a print head, and thus slows production.
Slots 82 and 83, in the print head block 80, are provided adjacent the flexures 50. These slots are necessary to prevent adhesive 32 from being drawn onto the laser array 70 by capillary action, which severely degrades optical performance. In the preferred embodiment, the slots are in the print head block are as shown, however, the slots may also be placed in the sub-mount.
Cylinder lens 20 and sub-mount 30 are quartz in the preferred embodiment, and a print head block 80 is copper. The differential thermal expansion between the quartz and the copper is p 16 microlmeter - 'C. Over a temperature range of 15'C to 45 'C, the differential change in length of the 1 em long laser diode array is 4.8 microns. If the cylinder lens was bonded directly to the copper print head block, the lens would either sag upon cooling to 15 'C after being heated to 45'C, or separate from the header. This would produce a gross iiiisalignment of the cylinder lens and the laser diode array. Using a quartz sub-mount, and a quartz cylinder lens as in the present invention, there is little or no differential thermal expansion between the cylinder lens and the sub-mount, and therefor no sagging of the cylinder lens, and the cylinder lens remains in aligninent with the laser array during operation.
Since the cylinder lens and the sub-mount are flexibly attached to the print head block, any difference in axial thermal expansion between the sub-mount and the laser array will not affect alignment of the cylinder lens to the laser array. As the print head block and the sub-mount expand and contract at different rates due to thermal expansion during operation, any small changes in dimensions between the two structures are accommodated by bending of the flexures. The nickel flexures bend in a direction parallel to the cylindrical axis of the cylinder lens, but do not allow the cylinder lens to move in a direction perpendicular to the radius of the cylinder lens. Thus, no misalignment occurs.
The combiner lens 40 used in the preferred embodiment is a binary optic lens array fabricated from quartz and has the same thermal expansion as the cylinder lens 20 and sub-mount 30. Combiner lens 40 is aligned and attached to the sub-mount 30 with a UV curable adhesive.
The method in this invention provides an attachment method for a cylinder lens to a laser diode array with a unique process which is different from prior art methods method of attachment. The machining operations for parts used with this invention need not be as precise as prior art fabrication methods, since the flexures account for large differences in thermal expansion, and therefore can be made inexpensively. This is especially valuable when the differential thermal expansion is extreme, as is the case between quartz and copper. The structure of thepresent invention passed standard operating condition thermal cycle tests, such as cycling between high and low temperatures and operating the laser diode array at different power levels. The micro-optics assembly, comprised of cylinder lens 20, sub-mount 30, and combiner lens 40, was operationally tested over a temperature range of 15'C to 45'C, with no change in alignment.
In another embodiment of the invention, shown in Figure 8 attachment structures 86 are adhesively attached to the sides of the print head block 80 to produce slots. The embodiment previously described utilizes a print head block which has been specially designed to incorporate slots cut into the print head block. In the embodiment shown in Figure 8, attachment structures 86 are adhesively attached to the standard print head block. These additional structures 86 incorporate slots 82 and 83. This embodiment is sometimes necessary since print head blocks currently used in the industry have straight, thin sides and thus cannot accommodate slots. Structures 86 are fabricated of a material similar to the material used for the print head block, or a material with similar thermal expansions characteristics. Structures 86 are adhesively attached to the sides of the print head block so that the ends of the structure do not extend past the end of the laser array, in 0 -8order to provide adequate room for the cylinder lens 20. The mounting procedure is the same manner as the previous embodiment.
Any suitable optical glass can be used for the cylinder lens. If the cylinder lens is fabricated from optical glass, the sub-mounts should be fabricated from the same glass, to provide approximately the same thermal expansion. This will give optical engineers a wide variety of optical index glasses from which to design the optimal cylinder lenses.
Adhesives swell with moisture, which can produce n-iisaligmnent of the cylinder lens as a function of relative humidity. The structure of the present invention uses adhesives to attach the cylinder lens to the sub-mount so that any movement which occurs between the sub-mount and the cylinder lens is in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder lens. The cylinder lens is placed in contact with the sub-mount to further minimize misalignment from swelling of the adhesive. Thus, the adhesive may swell, but the cylinder lens remains in contact with the sub-mount, which helps prevent sagging of the cylinder lens. An indiurn based solder is used in an alternative embodiment instead of an adhesive, to attach the cylinder lens tothe sub-mount. This eliminates any change of position in the cylinder lens with changes in humidity, since the solder does not swell when exposed to moisture.
The use of transparent nickelflexures permits the use of UV curable adhesives which give this process high throughput in production. The use of flexures can.be extended to mounting other optics to headers where differential thermal expansion is a consideration.
The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood
Claims (32)
1. A method of manufacturing a laser print head comprising the steps of:
spring loading a cylinder lens in a cylinder lens holder; attaching said cylinder lens to a sub-mount, wherein said cylinder lens and said sub-mount are comprised of materials having the same thermal coefficient of expansion; attaching flexures to said sub-mount; aligning said cylinder lens to a laser diode array mounted on a print head block; and attaching said flexures to said print head block.
2. A method as in Claim 1 further comprising attaching a combinerIens to said sub-mount after said sub-mount is attached to said print head.
3. A method as in Claim 1 further comprising coating said cylinder lens with an anti-reflective coating prior to attaching said sub-mount to said print head block.
4. A method as in Claim 3 wherein said sub-mount holds said cylinder lens with an optical path of said cylinder lens approximately parallel to an evaporation stream of said anti-reflective coating.
5. A method as in Claim 1 wherein said flexures have a network of holes which provide optical transmission between 10-60%.
6. A method as in Claim 1 wherein said flexures have 'holes of diameter D, on a pitch of 21), in a horizontal direction, with a staggered pitch of 1 D, in the vertical direction.
7. A method as in Claim 1 wherein said flexures are nickel.
11 -
8. A method as in Claim 1 wherein said flexures have a d-fickness between. 0005 to.005 inches.
9. A method as in Claim 1 wherein said step of attaching said flexures to said sub-mount is- effected by UV curable adhesive.
10. A method as in Claim 1 wherein said step of attaching said flexures to said print head block is effected by a UV curable adhesive.
11. A method as in Claim 1 wherein said step of attaching said cylinder lens to said sub-mount by a UV curable adhesive.
12. A method as in Claim 1 wherein said step of attaching said cylinder lens to said sub-mount by an indium based solder.
131. A method as in Claim 1 wherein said sub-mount has slots to prevent wicking of an adhesive used to attach said flexures.
14. A method as in Claim 1 wherein said print head block has slots to prevent wicking of an adhesive used to attach said flexures.
15. A method as in Claim 1 further comprising attaching a structure to a said print head block prior to aid step of aligning said cylinder lens to said laser diode array.
16. A method of manufacturing a laser print head comprising the steps of. spring loading a cylinder lens in a cylinder lens holder; attaching said cylinder lens to a sub-mount, wherein said cylinder lens and said submount are comprised of materials having the same thermal coefficient of expansion; attaching flexures to a print head block; aligning said cylinder lens to a laser diode array mounted on a said print head block; and attaching said flexures to said sub-mount.
17. A laser print head comprising; a sub-mount having a predetermined thermal expansion coefficient; a plurality of lasers attached to a print head block; a cylinder lens having a thermal expansion coefficient approximately equal to the predetermined thermal expansion coefficient of said sub- mount, said cylindrical lens being attached to the sub-mount; and flexures, attaching said sub-Mount to said print head block such that said cylinder lens is aligned with said plurality of lasers.
18. A print head as in Claim 17 further comprising a combiner lens attached to said sub-mount, adjacent to said cylinder lens, and on a side of said cylinder lens opposite said plurality of lasers.
19. A print head as in Claim 17 wherein a slot in said print head block prevents wicking of an adhesive onto said plurality of lasers.
20. A print head as in Claim 17 wherein cylinder lens has an antireflective coating.
21. A print head as in Claim 17 wherein said flexure has an optical transmission of between 10 - 60% transparent.
22. A print head as in Claim 17 wherein said flexures are nickel.
23. A print head as in Claim 17 wherein said flexures have a network of holes which provide optical transmission between 10-60%.
24. A print head as in Claim 17 wherein said flexures have holes of diameter D, on a pitch of 2D, in a horizontal direction, with a staggered pitch of 1D, in the vertical direction.
25. A print head as in Claim 17 wherein said flexures have a thickness between.0005 to.005 inches.
26. A print head as in Claim 17 wherein said cylinder lens is attached to said sub-mount by a UV curable adhesive.
27. A print head as in Claim 17 wherein said cylinder lens is attached to said sub-mount by an indium based solder.
28. A mount as in Claim 17 wherein said flexures are attached to said submount by UV curable adhesive.
29. A mount as in Claim 17 wherein said flexure is attached to said print head block by a UV curable adhesive.
30. A mount as in Claim 17 wherein an attaching structure., is affixed to said print head block between said print head block and said flexures.
3 L A micro-optic assembly comprising; a sub-mount having a predetermined thermal expansion coefficient; and a cylinder lens attached to the sub-mount, wherein said cylinder lens has a thermal expansion coefficient approximately equal to the thermal expansion coefficient to said sub-mount.
32. A micro-optics assembly as in Claim 31 wherein a combiner lens is attached to said sub-mount, adjacent to said cylinder lens.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US57759095A | 1995-12-22 | 1995-12-22 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9626136D0 GB9626136D0 (en) | 1997-02-05 |
| GB2308463A true GB2308463A (en) | 1997-06-25 |
Family
ID=24309381
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9626136A Withdrawn GB2308463A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1996-12-17 | Thermally stabilised laser print head with cylinder lens |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH09183247A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19652515A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2308463A (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10204799A1 (en) * | 2002-01-15 | 2003-09-18 | Hentze Lissotschenko Patentver | Holding device for the arrangement of an optical component in front of a laser light source and such an arrangement and a method for producing such an arrangement |
| DE102004057454B4 (en) * | 2004-11-25 | 2009-10-22 | Jenoptik Laserdiode Gmbh | Diode laser module and method for its production |
| DE102008061309A1 (en) * | 2008-12-11 | 2010-06-24 | Trumpf Laser Gmbh + Co. Kg | Diode laser device has heat sink, mounted diode laser rod and collimating lenses fixed at heat sink for laser radiation emitted from diode laser rod, where each collimating lens has one or more intermediate pieces fixed at heat sink |
| JP2011187525A (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-22 | Panasonic Corp | Semiconductor laser device and method of manufacturing the same |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0679521A2 (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1995-11-02 | Eastman Kodak Company | Optical printhead with flexure mounted optical device |
-
1996
- 1996-12-17 GB GB9626136A patent/GB2308463A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-12-17 DE DE1996152515 patent/DE19652515A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-12-20 JP JP34098696A patent/JPH09183247A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0679521A2 (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1995-11-02 | Eastman Kodak Company | Optical printhead with flexure mounted optical device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| Patent Abstracts of Japan P-248 Vol 8 No 10 P53 JP-58-171009 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19652515A1 (en) | 1997-06-26 |
| GB9626136D0 (en) | 1997-02-05 |
| JPH09183247A (en) | 1997-07-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |