GB2299054A - Laminate for improving fire resistance - Google Patents
Laminate for improving fire resistance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2299054A GB2299054A GB9605933A GB9605933A GB2299054A GB 2299054 A GB2299054 A GB 2299054A GB 9605933 A GB9605933 A GB 9605933A GB 9605933 A GB9605933 A GB 9605933A GB 2299054 A GB2299054 A GB 2299054A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- laminate
- laminate according
- intumescent material
- fire resistance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/02—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
- B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B21/06—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
- B32B21/14—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood board or veneer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B29/00—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard
- B32B29/002—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B29/005—Layered products comprising a layer of paper or cardboard as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material next to another layer of paper or cardboard layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B5/00—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor
- E06B5/10—Doors, windows, or like closures for special purposes; Border constructions therefor for protection against air-raid or other war-like action; for other protective purposes
- E06B5/16—Fireproof doors or similar closures; Adaptations of fixed constructions therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/021—Fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
- B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
- B32B2260/028—Paper layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a laminate 10 comprising a first layer 12 consisting of paper impregnated with an intumescent material and a second layer 16 consisting of glass fibres impregnated with a bonding agent. The laminate can be used to upgrade structures such as doors to increase their fire resistance. The intumescent material comprises expandable graphite. A sheet 14 of fire rated facing paper, plywood or wood veneer is bonded to the first layer 12.
Description
LAMINATE FOR IMPROVING FIRE RESISTANCE
The present invention relates to a laminate for applying to a substrate in order to improve the fire resistance of the substrate.
The substrate may be, in particular, a door or other component of a building.
A known laminate for applying to a substrate to improve the fire resistance of the substrate comprises a first layer consisting of intumescent paper impregnated with an intumescent material comprising intumescent graphite and optionally, to enhance the fire resistance of the first layer and to provide an aesthetically acceptable outer surface, another layer consisting of fire rated paper applied to the first layer.
The known laminate has been used to upgrade doors for the purpose of increasing their fire rating upwardly from about ten rninutes. However, in practice, the laminate has not proved capable of sufficiently upgrading the fire resistance of doors.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a laminate comprising a first layer consisting of paper impregnated with intumescent material and a second layer consisting of glass fibres impregnated with a bonding agent.
Surprisingly it has been found that the laminate according to the invention can upgrade doors from a fire resistance of about ten minutes to a fire resistance of thirty minutes.
The second layer may be bonded to the first layer by the bonding agent impregnating the glass fibres.
The intumescent material impregnating the first layer may comprise expandable graphite.
The bonding agent impregnating the second layer may be an intumescent material.
Preferably, to provide an aesthetically acceptable outer surface of the laminate and/or enhance the fire resistance of the laminate, the laminate comprises a third layer, the first layer being disposed between the second and third layers.
The third layer may, for example, be plywood, and/or a wood veneer or a sheet of fire rated paper. Alternatively the third layer may comprise a surface coating of a primer, such as an intumescent material, on the first layer.
The plywood or veneer may be treated by being impregnated or otherwise treated with a fire retardant or painted with an intumescent paint. However, we have found that the laminate has satisfactory fire resistance even if the plywood or veneer is not so treated or painted.
A wood veneer may be stuck onto the plywood to prevent or inhibit splitting or warping of the plywood.
The third layer may be bonded to the first layer by an acrylic adhesive.
The invention is further described below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing which shows a perspective view, partly cut away, of a laminate according to the invention.
Referring to the drawing a laminate 10 comprises a first layer 12 consisting of paper impregnated with an intumescent material comprising expandable graphite. The expandable graphite can be any suitable expandable graphite known in the art, for example, that which is sold under the trade name Kofire.
To one surface of the first layer 12 is adhered, by means of an acrylic adhesive, a sheet 14. The outer surface of the sheet 14 of fire rated facing paper, i.e. the surface remote from the layer 12, is smooth. The sheet 14 may be Class 0 fire rated facing paper, plywood or wood veneer. Alternatively, the sheet 14 may be replaced with a layer of a primer (not shown). This could, for example be an intumescent material applied to the layer 12.
To the other surface of the layer 12 is applied a layer 16 of glass fibre scrim impregnated with intumescent material, which serves as a bonding agent to hold the fibres of the scrim together and to hold the scrim adhered to the layer 12.
The layer 16, consisting of the glass fibre scrim impregnated with intumescent material, is flexible. The intumescent material of the glass fibre scrim is water-based and provides an erosion resistant coating on the scrim and on the first layer 12.
In use of the laminate 10 the outer surface of the layer 16, i.e. the surface remote from the layer 12, is bonded to a door by a contact adhesive, such as
Evostik, a resorcinol based adhesive or a composition such as that used to form the intumescent material impregnating the glass fibre scrim and adhering it to the layer 12.
It has been surprisingly found that a door with a laminate so applied to it has its fire resistance upgraded from about ten minutes to at least thirty minutes.
The water-based intumescent material may have been prepared from a composition having the following formulation:
Kg TRIHYDEJ(aluminium trihydrate/aluminium oxide) 2.00
Hydrated zinc borate 1.00
English china clay (predominantly hydrated
aluminium silicate) 0.36
TIOXIDE (R.T.M.) (titanium dioxide) 0.05
AEROSIL (R.T.M.) (ca. 85% amorphous silicon dioxide
and ca. 15,% aluminium oxide) 0.06
CERECLORI( chlo;;inated paraffin, predominantly octochloroundecane) 0.53
DISPE/(sodium salt of a polycarboxylic acid) 0.05
REVACYL 396 (aqueous acrylic ester copolymer
emulsion) 2.40
Water 0.05 (nominal)
The composition is liquid when freshly prepared and the amount of water should be such as to give the composition, when freshly prepared, a viscosity of 30 to 40 P at ambient temperature (21"C). The composition hardens on exposure to air to form solid intumescent material. The same composition may be used to provide the primer on the layer 12, except that it is preferred that a watered down version is used, including up to 5% of additional water to ensure an even coating.
In preparing the laminate 10 the glass fibre scrim is impregnated with the liquid composition, the scrim is applied to the layer 12 and the composition is allowed to harden.
The paper constituting the layer 12 may be about 1.5 mm thick. The layer 16 comprising the glass fibre scrim may be about 0.3 mm thick.
If the layer 14 is of fire rated facing paper, the fire rated facing paper may be about 0.2 mm thick. If the layer 14 is a sheet of plywood, the plywood may be 0.1 to 1 mm thick. Typically 0.4 or 0.8 mm thick.
Claims (13)
1. A laminate comprising a first layer consisting of paper impregnated with intumescent material and a second layer consisting of glass fibres impregnated with a bonding agent.
2. A laminate according to Claim 1, wherein the first layer is bonded to the second layer by the bonding agent impregnating the glass fibres.
3. A laminate according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein the intumescent material impregnating the first layer comprises expandable graphite.
4. A laminate according to any preceding claim, wherein the bonding agent impregnating the second layer is an intumescent material.
5. A laminate according to any preceding claim, including a third layer, the arrangement being such that the first layer is disposed between the second and third layers.
6. A laminate according to Claim 5, wherein the third layer comprises plywood and/or a wood veneer.
7. A laminate according to Claim 5, wherein the third layer comprises a sheet of fire rated paper.
7. A laminate according to Claim 5, wherein the third layer comprises a surface coating of a primer on the first layer.
8. A laminate according to Claim 7, wherein the primer comprises an intumescent material.
9. A laminate according to Claim 6 or Claim 7, wherein the third layer is treated with a fire retardant, or painted with an intumescent paint.
10. A laminate according to Claim 6, wherein the third layer comprises a wood veneer stuck onto plywood.
11. A laminate according to any of Claims 5 to 7, or 9 or 10, wherein the third layer is bonded to the first layer by an acrylic adhesive.
12. A laminate substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
13. A door, including a laminate as defined in any of Claims 1 to 12.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9505642.0A GB9505642D0 (en) | 1995-03-21 | 1995-03-21 | Laminate for improving fire resistance |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB9605933D0 GB9605933D0 (en) | 1996-05-22 |
GB2299054A true GB2299054A (en) | 1996-09-25 |
GB2299054B GB2299054B (en) | 1998-08-12 |
Family
ID=10771540
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9505642.0A Pending GB9505642D0 (en) | 1995-03-21 | 1995-03-21 | Laminate for improving fire resistance |
GB9605933A Expired - Lifetime GB2299054B (en) | 1995-03-21 | 1996-03-21 | Laminate for improving fire resistance |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GBGB9505642.0A Pending GB9505642D0 (en) | 1995-03-21 | 1995-03-21 | Laminate for improving fire resistance |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (2) | GB9505642D0 (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2388339A (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-12 | Kingspan Res & Dev Ltd | Fire resistant edge seal |
GB2395461A (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-05-26 | Environmental Seals Ltd | Fire barriers and their method of manufacture |
EP1643075A2 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-05 | Environmental Seals Ltd. | Fire doors |
EP1746242A2 (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2007-01-24 | Environmental Seals Ltd. | Fire door |
CN102174875A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-09-07 | 栗洪彩 | Organic fiber and refractory fibre compound roller shutter face for fireproofing heat-insulation roller shutter |
GB2541074A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-02-08 | Nz Fire Doors Ltd | Fire resistant building material |
US10220934B2 (en) | 2016-02-24 | 2019-03-05 | Goodrich Corporation | Fire-resistant aviation laminate |
EP3632787A1 (en) * | 2018-10-05 | 2020-04-08 | Intumescent Systems Limited | Fire proof panel for boats and the like |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1082616A (en) * | 1963-10-10 | 1967-09-06 | Lennart Pihl | Method of making paper products suitable as substitutes for textile materials |
US3934066A (en) * | 1973-07-18 | 1976-01-20 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Fire-resistant intumescent laminates |
-
1995
- 1995-03-21 GB GBGB9505642.0A patent/GB9505642D0/en active Pending
-
1996
- 1996-03-21 GB GB9605933A patent/GB2299054B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1082616A (en) * | 1963-10-10 | 1967-09-06 | Lennart Pihl | Method of making paper products suitable as substitutes for textile materials |
US3934066A (en) * | 1973-07-18 | 1976-01-20 | W. R. Grace & Co. | Fire-resistant intumescent laminates |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2388339A (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2003-11-12 | Kingspan Res & Dev Ltd | Fire resistant edge seal |
GB2388339B (en) * | 2002-04-23 | 2005-09-14 | Kingspan Res & Dev Ltd | An insulating panel |
GB2395461A (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-05-26 | Environmental Seals Ltd | Fire barriers and their method of manufacture |
EP1643075A2 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-05 | Environmental Seals Ltd. | Fire doors |
EP1643075A3 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-12-13 | Environmental Seals Ltd. | Fire doors |
EP1746242A3 (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2008-02-20 | Environmental Seals Ltd. | Fire door |
EP1746242A2 (en) * | 2005-07-21 | 2007-01-24 | Environmental Seals Ltd. | Fire door |
CN102174875A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-09-07 | 栗洪彩 | Organic fiber and refractory fibre compound roller shutter face for fireproofing heat-insulation roller shutter |
CN102174875B (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2013-03-13 | 栗洪彩 | Organic fiber and refractory fibre compound roller shutter face for fireproofing heat-insulation roller shutter |
GB2541074A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-02-08 | Nz Fire Doors Ltd | Fire resistant building material |
GB2541074B (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2021-03-31 | Nz Fire Doors Ltd | Fire resistant building panel |
US10220934B2 (en) | 2016-02-24 | 2019-03-05 | Goodrich Corporation | Fire-resistant aviation laminate |
EP3632787A1 (en) * | 2018-10-05 | 2020-04-08 | Intumescent Systems Limited | Fire proof panel for boats and the like |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB9605933D0 (en) | 1996-05-22 |
GB9505642D0 (en) | 1995-05-10 |
GB2299054B (en) | 1998-08-12 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PE20 | Patent expired after termination of 20 years |
Expiry date: 20160320 |