GB2296770A - Combined mass and energy balance meter for a boiler - Google Patents

Combined mass and energy balance meter for a boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2296770A
GB2296770A GB9500175A GB9500175A GB2296770A GB 2296770 A GB2296770 A GB 2296770A GB 9500175 A GB9500175 A GB 9500175A GB 9500175 A GB9500175 A GB 9500175A GB 2296770 A GB2296770 A GB 2296770A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
boiler
energy
feed water
total
water
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9500175A
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GB9500175D0 (en
GB2296770B (en
Inventor
Eric James Roberts
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S T B
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S T B
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Priority to GB9500175A priority Critical patent/GB2296770B/en
Publication of GB9500175D0 publication Critical patent/GB9500175D0/en
Publication of GB2296770A publication Critical patent/GB2296770A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2296770B publication Critical patent/GB2296770B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K17/00—Measuring quantity of heat
    • G01K17/06—Measuring quantity of heat conveyed by flowing media, e.g. in heating systems e.g. the quantity of heat in a transporting medium, delivered to or consumed in an expenditure device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/18—Applications of computers to steam boiler control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/26—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/10—Analysing fuel properties, e.g. density, calorific
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/18—Measuring temperature feedwater temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/08—Measuring temperature
    • F23N2225/19—Measuring temperature outlet temperature water heat-exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/22—Measuring heat losses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)

Abstract

A combined mass and energy balance metering system for application to industrial and commercial fire tube boilers, based upon the continuous electronic analysis of a minimalist combination of measured plant parameters to enable a comprehensive understanding of the energy performance, efficiencies and losses of the plant. The system essentially uses measurements of boiler pressure, feed water flow and temperature, fuel flow, and boiler water and feed water conductivity. <IMAGE>

Description

DESCRETE BOILER COMBINED ENERGY AND MASS BALANCE METER This invention relates to a descrete combined Energy and Mass Balance Meter for Industrial and Commercial Boilers.
The metering of Fuel Input and Steam or Hot Water Output from Industrial and Commercial Boilers is known and widespread.
Fuel Input measurement comprises gaseous, liquid or solid fuel metering systems examples of which include meters for gas, meters for oil and weigh-scales for coal, and these meters are calibrated in mass or volumetric dimensions including kilograms, pounds, cubic metres.
The Steam or Hot Water output metering systems comprise volumetric or mass based measurement systems calibrated in mass or volumetric dimensions including kilograms, pounds, cubic meters.
Within the scope of current descrete Boiler performance measurement instruments there is no direct correlation within either the Fuel Input, or Steam or Hot Water Output measurement systems to indicate or allow the determination of the following : The Useful Energy available within the fuel.
The fraction of the Useful Energy available within the fuel which is ultimately carried away within the Steam or Hot Water.
The fraction of the Total Energy supplied to the boiler which is lost to Boiler Drains.
The fraction of the Total System Energy carried into the boiler by the Boiler Feed water.
The fraction of the Mass of Boiler Feed water supplied to the boiler that is converted to Steam and the fraction of the Mass of Boiler Feed water supplied which is lost to drains.
The Kilowatt hour performance of the Boiler Combustion, Heat Transfer, Feed water and Drain loss systems.
. True Boiler Cycle Efficiency incorporating the Boiler Feed water Energy input.
These parameters can only be determined by a combined and simultaneous Mass and Energy Balance analysis instrument for the Boiler plant and it is to the invention of such an instrument that this Patent refers.
According to the present Invention there is provided a descrete instrumentation, and analysis, metering, logging, display and reporting system which provides simultaneous Mass and Energy balance functions for Industrial and Commercial Boiler Plant to enable complete and comprehensive understanding of the plant Energy Consumption, Steam or Hot Water production, Energy losses and Water losses and the plant true Cycle Efficiency.
A specific embodiment of the invention is now described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which.
Fig. 1 shows in schematic form the essential features of a boiler.
Fig 2 shows the measurement systems required to enable simultaneous Mass and Energy balances to be derived.
Fig. 3A, and 3B show typical analysis displays for the combined Energy and Mass Balance Meter.
The invention is restricted in application to descrete simultaneous Energy and Mass Balance metering and control for the class of Industrial and Commercial Steam or Hot water boiler plants generally described as, 'Fire Tube, Shell, or Packaged Boilers.' These comprise a horizontally mounted cylindrical fabrication incorporating a single or multi fuel burning system with the products of combustion being entrained by a combination of furnace and smoke tubes surrounded by water to which the heat from the fuel combustion system is transferred to the water by a combination of radiative and convective heat transfer processes.
This heat transfer process results in the production of Hot Water or Steam which is discharged from the boiler.
The heat transfer surfaces of the boiler are maintained in a submerged state by replenishing the boiler with Boiler Feed water to replace the fluid lost as Steam or Hot Water.
During the boiling process some of the Boiler Water is drained away to maintain the concentrations of dissolved solids within the boiler to acceptable levels and other water is lost whilst discharging precipitated solids from the lower areas of the boiler and through other mechanisms.
It is consequently the case that not all the water that enters as Boiler Feed water leaves as Steam or as Heated Water.
Some is lost to Drain and carries with it the energy entrained within the water, this energy being determined by product of the Quantity of water and the Enthalpy of the water being lost to drain.
All the water entering the boiler as Boiler Feed water and not lost to Drain exits the boiler as Steam or as Hot Water and it is commonplace to find that some water remains in the liquid phase within Steam Boilers and is carried away within the Steam as droplets of water liquid known as Carry Over.
The Mass of the water and the Energy content of the water lost to Drain has an influence on the overall cycle efficiency of the boiler plant.
The greater the amount of water lost, the lower the efficiency of operation, the higher the operational costs, more Make-up water is required, more drain effluent is produced, more fuel is required to be burned to maintain a specific output.
Make up water to the boiler should be provided to the plant at the highest practicable temperature to reduce the amount of fuel energy required to raise it to the operational or boiling temperature of the plant.
Similarly the maximum possible fraction of Steam or Hot water produced by the boiler should also be returned in order to reduce the quantity of cold fresh water required to maintain the system fully charged.
Any water not returned, or returned at reduced temperature requires additional water or additional energy or both to be supplied by the fuel burning system to raise the boiler fluid back to the working temperature or to boiling point.
This additional energy requirement reduces the overall efficiency of the boiler plant, increases fuel consumption, increases operational cost and increases the polluting products of combustion from the additional fuel required to be burned.
The Invention addresses all of the above requirements by the provision of simultaneous Mass and Energy balance data from the Boiler for the fuels and working fluids to enable more efficient and effective management of Water, Fuel, Steam and Hot Water resources using a minimalist measurement system. The essential measurement elements which enable the analyses are as follows : Boiler Pressure.
Boiler Feed Water Flow.
Boiler Feed Water Temperature.
Boiler Fuel Flow.
The Conductivity of the Boiler Feed Water.
The Conductivity of the Boiler Water.
Within the scope of the Invention these parameters are measured automatically and continuously by the application of electronic transducer systems and in combination with other constants and coefficients are applied to an electronic analysis engine comprising input and output devices, microprocessor analyser, appropriate power supplies, display devices and analytical software within a descrete instrument.
The essential features of the Mass and Energy balances are as follows : Total potential combustion Energy Input within finite time is the total of the Energy provided by the Mass of the fuel or fuels multiplied by their appropriate Calorific Values plus the total of the Boiler Feed water Energy input derived from Boiler Feed water Mass and its Specific Heat and Temperature.
The total input Mass is that of the Boiler Feed water, the Steam output Mass is derived from the total Mass of Boiler Feed water less the Mass of fluid lost to Drain.
The Mass of fluid lost to Drain can be determined by the ratio of the Boiler Feed water to Boiler Water conductivities and incoming Boiler Feedwater Mass.
The Energy lost to Drain is determined by the Mass of water lost to Drain multiplied by the Enthalpy of the water flowing to Drain, this being determined by Boiler Pressure.
Boiler Pressure also defines the average Energy content of the Steam leaving the boiler at saturated Steam Enthalpy.
Total Steam Energy leaving the plant can be determined by the product of the Mass of Steam leaving the boiler and the appropriate Saturated Steam Enthalpy derived from Boiler Pressure.
Combination of these parameters and variables allows the computation of the other variables supported by the metering system.
The analysis is performed within a descrete instrument incorporating the appropriate electronic transducer interface devices and an appropriately interconnected and programmed analytical electronic engine.
Combination of the measured parameters into a simultaneous balance of both Energy and Mass enables the direct derivation within acceptable operational accuracies of the following data which can be displayed, recorded, logged, re-transmitted or indicated in Mass, Energy, Kilowatt, and other dimensions both Metric and Imperial, and to time scales of Instant Value, Total over previous 30 minute period, Total for Current Day to Current Time, Total for Previous Day, Total for Previous Week.
Boiler Pressure.
Boiler Feed water Temperature.
Boiler Feed water Flow.
Boiler Feed water Energy.
Boiler Feed water Mass lost to Drain.
Boiler Feed water Energy lost to Drain Make Up water Mass.
Fuel Input Mass.
Fuel Input Volume.
Fuel Input Energy.
Total Input Energy from Fuel Input and Feed water Input Energies.
Total outlet Steam or Hot water Output Mass.
Total outlet Steam or Hot water Output Energy.
fraction of Feed water converted to Outlet Steam or Hot Water.
fraction of the Total Input Energy available contained within the Outlet Steam or Hot Water.
fraction of the Fuel Energy available contained within the Outlet Steam or Hot Water.
Total Conductivity of the Boiler Feed water.
Total Conductivity of the Boiler water.
Time of day and date.

Claims (6)

Claims
1 A descrete Boiler Combined Energy and Mass Balance Metering system comprising measurement transducer elements, electronic conversion equipment, electronic analysis engine, display and output devices appropriately designed, interconnected, developed and enabled to provide simultaneous energy and Mass balance functions for Industrial, or Commercial Boiler Plant.
2 A descrete Boiler Combined Energy and Mass Balance Metering system as claimed in clause 1 which for overall Energy and Mass Balance requires only the continuous electronic measurement of the following parameters : Boiler Feed water Temperature Boiler Feed water Flow.
Fuel flow.
Boiler Pressure.
Boiler Feed water Conductivity.
Boiler Water Conductivity.
3 A descrete Boiler Combined Energy and Mass Balance Metering system as claimed in clauses 1 and 2 which from the measurements defined within clause 2 and other constant data can determine within normal operational accuracies the values of the following boiler plant parameters Boiler Pressure.
Boiler Feed water Temperature.
Boiler Feed water Flow.
Boiler Feed water Energy.
Boiler Feed water Mass lost to Drain.
Boiler Feed water Energy lost to Drain.
Make Up water Mass.
Fuel Input Mass.
Fuel Input Volume.
Fuel Input Energy.
Total Input Energy from Fuel Input and Feed water Input Energies.
Total outlet Steam or Hot water Output Mass.
Total outlet Steam or Hot water Output Energy.
fraction of Feed water converted to Outlet Steam or Hot Water.
fraction of the Total Input Energy available contained within the Outlet Steam or Hot water.
fraction of the Fuel Energy available contained within the Outlet Steam or Hot water.
Total Conductivity of the Boiler Feed water.
Total Conductivity of the Boiler water.
Time of day and date.
4 A descrete Boiler Combined Energy and Mass Balance Metering system as claimed in clauses 1, 2 and 3 which can provide the following data facilities for the parameters and variables outlined in clause 3 : Logging.
Indication.
Display.
Recording.
Printing.
Re-transmission.
5 A descrete Boiler Combined Energy and Mass Balance Metering system as claimed in clauses 1, 2, 3 and 4 which can provide the data output facilities of clause 4 to any combination of the following Time Scales Last instantaneous value.
Last 30 Minute total.
Total to Current time for Current day.
Total for previous 24 hours.
Total for previous Week.
6 A descrete Boiler Combined Energy and Mass Balance Metering system as claimed in clauses 1, 2, 3,4 and 5 which can provide the data output facilities of clause 5 to any combination of the following dimensions : Standard Imperial Pounds, Feet Standard Metric. Kilogrammes Metres Kilowatt Hours . Joules.
Therms.
GB9500175A 1995-01-05 1995-01-05 Discrete boiler combined energy and mass balance meter Expired - Fee Related GB2296770B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9500175A GB2296770B (en) 1995-01-05 1995-01-05 Discrete boiler combined energy and mass balance meter

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9500175A GB2296770B (en) 1995-01-05 1995-01-05 Discrete boiler combined energy and mass balance meter

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9500175D0 GB9500175D0 (en) 1995-03-01
GB2296770A true GB2296770A (en) 1996-07-10
GB2296770B GB2296770B (en) 1998-12-23

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100406865C (en) * 2003-12-17 2008-07-30 上海环翔电热蓄能设备工程有限公司 Heating load prediction and control method for heat storage boiler system
CN103454518A (en) * 2013-07-05 2013-12-18 杭州能云科技有限公司 Energy acquisition terminal

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5367470A (en) * 1989-12-14 1994-11-22 Exergetics Systems, Inc. Method for fuel flow determination and improving thermal efficiency in a fossil-fired power plant

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5367470A (en) * 1989-12-14 1994-11-22 Exergetics Systems, Inc. Method for fuel flow determination and improving thermal efficiency in a fossil-fired power plant

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100406865C (en) * 2003-12-17 2008-07-30 上海环翔电热蓄能设备工程有限公司 Heating load prediction and control method for heat storage boiler system
CN103454518A (en) * 2013-07-05 2013-12-18 杭州能云科技有限公司 Energy acquisition terminal
CN103454518B (en) * 2013-07-05 2015-09-23 杭州能云科技有限公司 A kind of energy acquisition terminal

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Publication number Publication date
GB9500175D0 (en) 1995-03-01
GB2296770B (en) 1998-12-23

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20060105