GB2295561A - Device for delivering gaseous hydrocarbon to an engine exhaust - Google Patents

Device for delivering gaseous hydrocarbon to an engine exhaust Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2295561A
GB2295561A GB9424032A GB9424032A GB2295561A GB 2295561 A GB2295561 A GB 2295561A GB 9424032 A GB9424032 A GB 9424032A GB 9424032 A GB9424032 A GB 9424032A GB 2295561 A GB2295561 A GB 2295561A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
fuel
exhaust system
cracking
gaseous hydrocarbon
lighter fractions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9424032A
Other versions
GB9424032D0 (en
Inventor
Peter Robert Bain Henderson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF International UK Ltd
Original Assignee
Lucas Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lucas Industries Ltd filed Critical Lucas Industries Ltd
Priority to GB9424032A priority Critical patent/GB2295561A/en
Publication of GB9424032D0 publication Critical patent/GB9424032D0/en
Publication of GB2295561A publication Critical patent/GB2295561A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/36—Arrangements for supply of additional fuel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
    • B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
    • B01D2251/20—Reductants
    • B01D2251/208—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/03—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/06—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being in the gaseous form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

A device for delivering gaseous hydrocarbon to an engine exhaust system includes a heater section (27) operable to deliver lighter fractions of a liquid fuel to a condenser section (26). The condensed lighter fractions of fuel are then pumped to a cracking and vaporising unit (37) which produces gaseous hydrocarbon for supply to the exhaust system. <IMAGE>

Description

DEVICE This invention relates to a device for generating small quantities of gaseous hydrocarbon for delivery into the exhaust system of a compression ignition engine upstream of a catalytic converter forming part of the system.
The action of the converter is to remove the NOx produced during combustion of fuel in the engine, by conversion to water, carbon dioxide and nitrogen and for this purpose there must be an adequate amount of hydrocarbon in the exhaust gas flowing to the converter. A compression ignition engine is very efficient in the sense that under most operating conditions there is little unburnt hydrocarbon in the exhaust gas leaving the engine. As a result under certain engine operating conditions it is necessary to add hydrocarbon to ensure operation of the converter.
It would be possible to provide a reservoir for a suitable hydrocarbon for example propane, but this would be inconvenient in for example the commercial vehicle application.
The device to be described utilises engine fuel to produce the hydrocarbon required to enable the converter to function and will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 shows in diagrammatic form the engine and its exhaust system, and Figure 2 shows in diagrammatic form the device for generating the hydrocarbon.
Referring to Figure 1 of the drawings there is shown at 10, a compression ignition engine which is provided with a fuel pump 11 for supplying fuel to the engine cylinders in turn. The air inlet of the engine is indicated at 12 and the exhaust outlet at 13. The inlet and outlet may be interconnected by an exhaust gas recirculation loop 14 associated with which are control valves 15 the positions of which are set by actuators controlled by an electronic control unit 16 which conveniently receives signals indicative of the engine speed, the ambient temperature and the setting of the throttle pedal of the vehicle. The control system also receives signals from a temperature sensor 17 which is located in the exhaust outlet of the engine but downstream of the branch forming the recirculation loop 14.The exhaust outlet 13 is connected to the inlet of a catalytic converter 18 and the outlet of the converter is connected in the usual way to a silencer 19. Downstream of the converter there is located a sensor 20 which is responsive to NOx in the gasses leaving the converter and upstream of the converter is a hydrocarbon injection device 21 to be described.
Referring to Figure 2 of the drawings there is shown to the right hand side of the vertical dotted line, the components of the device 21.
Referring to Figure 2 there is shown the fuel pump 11 together with the fuel tank 22 from which the fuel pump 11 draws fuel through a pipe and filter not shown. The device 21 includes a reservoir tank 23 to which fuel is supplied from a leakage outlet of the fuel pump 11. The tank 23 is provided with an overflow 24 which is connected back to the fuel tank 22 whereby the level of fuel in the reservoir tank is maintained at the level of the overflow 24. The tank 23 is coupled by way of a supply pipe 25, to a combined heater and condenser unit 26 which incorporates a heater section 27 into the base of which the fuel flows from the pipe 25.An overflow pipe 28 extends upwardly from adjacent the base of the heater unit into a chamber 29 the level of entry of the overflow pipe 28 into the chamber 29 being slightly lower than the level of the overflow pipe 24 so that the level of fuel in the heater section is lower than that in the reservoir tank. The base of the chamber 29 is connected back to the fuel tank and the upper portion of the chamber 29 as also is the upper portion of the reservoir tank, is vented back to the fuel tank 22. The latter is provided with an air vent 30 which in the particular example incorporates a restrictor.
Immersed in the fuel contained in the heater section 27 is an electric heating coil 31 and when this is supplied with electrical power the fuel in the heater section is heated and the lighter fractions of the fuel flow upwardly into the condenser section 32 of the unit 26. The condenser section incorporates a reservoir 33 in which the condensed lighter fractions of the fuel collect as liquid.
The condensed lighter fractions of fuel are withdrawn from the reservoir 33 by means of a pump 34 which may be of the diaphragm type and which incorporates inlet and outlet check valves 35, 36 respectively.
The fuel leaving the pump is supplied by way of a restrictor 39 to a high temperature cracking and vaporising unit 37 and from the unit 37 the gaseous vaporised hydrocarbon is supplied to the exhaust system upstream of the catalytic converter 18. The cracking and vaporising unit incorporates a high temperature electrical heater 38.
In operation, the difference in the fuel levels within the reservoir tank 23 and the heater section 27 ensures that there is a continuous flow of fuel through the heater section 27 and this minimises the possibility of "coking" of the fuel within the heater section. Only the lighter fractions of the fuel are therefore vaporised in the heater section up to the capacity of the reservoir 33 and the remaining fuel is returned to the fuel tank. The amount of distillate removed from the fuel supply will be in practice, insignificant as compared with the volume of fuel in the tank so that the performance of the engine will practically be unaffected. The electronic control unit 16 controls the operation of the heaters 31 and 38 and also the pump 34 so that the hydrocarbon is only supplied to the exhaust system when it is required.

Claims (4)

1. A device for generating small quantities of gaseous hydrocarbon for delivery into the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine upstream of a catalytic converter forming part of the exhaust system, the device comprising a heater section in which liquid fuel is heated to drive off the lighter fractions of the fuel, a condenser for condensing said fractions, a cracking and vaporising unit to which the condensed lighter fractions of fuel are delivered and means for conveying the cracked and vaporised fuel to the exhaust system.
2. A device according to Claim 1, including a pump operable to deliver the condensed lighter fractions of fuel to the cracking and vaporising unit.
3. A device according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, in which the heater section and the cracking and vaporising unit each include an electrically powered heater.
4. A device for the purpose specified comprising the combination and arrangement of parts substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 2 of the accompanying drawings.
GB9424032A 1994-11-29 1994-11-29 Device for delivering gaseous hydrocarbon to an engine exhaust Withdrawn GB2295561A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9424032A GB2295561A (en) 1994-11-29 1994-11-29 Device for delivering gaseous hydrocarbon to an engine exhaust

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9424032A GB2295561A (en) 1994-11-29 1994-11-29 Device for delivering gaseous hydrocarbon to an engine exhaust

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9424032D0 GB9424032D0 (en) 1995-01-18
GB2295561A true GB2295561A (en) 1996-06-05

Family

ID=10765124

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9424032A Withdrawn GB2295561A (en) 1994-11-29 1994-11-29 Device for delivering gaseous hydrocarbon to an engine exhaust

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2295561A (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0869273A3 (en) * 1997-04-04 1999-06-16 DORNIER GmbH Method of on-board fractionation of engine fuel
GB2351244A (en) * 1999-06-15 2000-12-27 Daimler Chrysler Ag Exhaust gas cleaning installation with nitrogen oxide adsorber and hydrocarbon metering
FR2799201A1 (en) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-06 Daimler Chrysler Ag Process for the separation of sulfur-free components from motor fuels for applications in mobile systems such as touring coaches and utility vehicles
WO2005003546A1 (en) * 2003-07-01 2005-01-13 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel fractionation method and fuel fractionation apparatus for internal combustion engine
WO2008024579A1 (en) * 2006-08-21 2008-02-28 General Electric Company Condensor unit for nox emission reduction system
CN100396906C (en) * 2003-07-01 2008-06-25 丰田自动车株式会社 Fuel fractionation method and fuel fractionation apparatus for internal combustion engine
EP1961932A1 (en) * 2007-02-21 2008-08-27 Hochschule Rapperswil Method for heating catalytic exhaust gas
FR2920822A1 (en) * 2007-09-11 2009-03-13 Faurecia Sys Echappement SYSTEM FOR INTRODUCING VAPORIZED FUEL WITHIN AN EXHAUST COMPONENT
US20120117949A1 (en) * 2009-05-30 2012-05-17 Rolf Miebach Exhaust gas aftertreatment system

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2159876A (en) * 1984-06-01 1985-12-11 Timothy Michael William Fryer Catalytic treatment of i.c. engine fuel supply
EP0441401A1 (en) * 1990-02-09 1991-08-14 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine
US5272873A (en) * 1991-10-24 1993-12-28 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Evaporative emission control system for internal combustion engines

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2159876A (en) * 1984-06-01 1985-12-11 Timothy Michael William Fryer Catalytic treatment of i.c. engine fuel supply
EP0441401A1 (en) * 1990-02-09 1991-08-14 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Exhaust gas purification system for an internal combustion engine
US5272873A (en) * 1991-10-24 1993-12-28 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Evaporative emission control system for internal combustion engines

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0869273A3 (en) * 1997-04-04 1999-06-16 DORNIER GmbH Method of on-board fractionation of engine fuel
GB2351244A (en) * 1999-06-15 2000-12-27 Daimler Chrysler Ag Exhaust gas cleaning installation with nitrogen oxide adsorber and hydrocarbon metering
FR2799201A1 (en) * 1999-09-30 2001-04-06 Daimler Chrysler Ag Process for the separation of sulfur-free components from motor fuels for applications in mobile systems such as touring coaches and utility vehicles
CN100396906C (en) * 2003-07-01 2008-06-25 丰田自动车株式会社 Fuel fractionation method and fuel fractionation apparatus for internal combustion engine
KR100742148B1 (en) 2003-07-01 2007-07-24 도요다 지도샤 가부시끼가이샤 Fuel fractionation apparatus for internal combustion engine
WO2005003546A1 (en) * 2003-07-01 2005-01-13 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel fractionation method and fuel fractionation apparatus for internal combustion engine
US7788905B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2010-09-07 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Fuel fractionation method and fuel fractionation apparatus for internal combustion engine
WO2008024579A1 (en) * 2006-08-21 2008-02-28 General Electric Company Condensor unit for nox emission reduction system
US7802423B2 (en) 2006-08-21 2010-09-28 General Electric Company Condenser unit for NOx emission reduction system
EP1961932A1 (en) * 2007-02-21 2008-08-27 Hochschule Rapperswil Method for heating catalytic exhaust gas
FR2920822A1 (en) * 2007-09-11 2009-03-13 Faurecia Sys Echappement SYSTEM FOR INTRODUCING VAPORIZED FUEL WITHIN AN EXHAUST COMPONENT
WO2009044084A1 (en) * 2007-09-11 2009-04-09 Faurecia Systemes D'echappement (Societe Par Actions Simplifiee) System for introducing a vaporized fuel inside an exhaust element
DE112008002466B4 (en) * 2007-09-11 2015-09-10 Faurecia Systemes D'echappement System for introducing a vaporized fuel into the interior of an exhaust element
US20120117949A1 (en) * 2009-05-30 2012-05-17 Rolf Miebach Exhaust gas aftertreatment system
US8984866B2 (en) * 2009-05-30 2015-03-24 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Exhaust gas aftertreatment system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB9424032D0 (en) 1995-01-18

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WAP Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1)