GB2293572A - A fabric which is fire and heat resistant - Google Patents
A fabric which is fire and heat resistant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2293572A GB2293572A GB9419132A GB9419132A GB2293572A GB 2293572 A GB2293572 A GB 2293572A GB 9419132 A GB9419132 A GB 9419132A GB 9419132 A GB9419132 A GB 9419132A GB 2293572 A GB2293572 A GB 2293572A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- sheets
- fabric
- organic
- fabric according
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Guanidine Chemical compound NC(N)=N ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BSBSDQUZDZXGFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cythioate Chemical compound COP(=S)(OC)OC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 BSBSDQUZDZXGFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical class [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N D-arabinitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004386 Erythritol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erythritol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-guanidine Natural products CNC(N)=N CHJJGSNFBQVOTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006282 Phenolic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004820 Pressure-sensitive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N [amino(hydroxy)methylidene]azanium;dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound NC(N)=O.OP(O)(O)=O DZHMRSPXDUUJER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005030 aluminium foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N arabinose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-WDCZJNDASA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N arabinose Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-D-Pyranose-Lyxose Natural products OC1COC(O)C(O)C1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylaminoamidine Natural products CN(C)C(N)=N SWSQBOPZIKWTGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N erythritol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO UNXHWFMMPAWVPI-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940009714 erythritol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019414 erythritol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O.NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 108700012359 toxins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A41—WEARING APPAREL
- A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
- A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
- A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
- A41D31/08—Heat resistant; Fire retardant
- A41D31/085—Heat resistant; Fire retardant using layered materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/04—Cellulosic plastic fibres, e.g. rayon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
- B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/06—Vegetal fibres
- B32B2262/062—Cellulose fibres, e.g. cotton
- B32B2262/067—Wood fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
- B32B2307/3065—Flame resistant or retardant, fire resistant or retardant
Abstract
A fabric (2) which is fire and heat resistant comprises a laminate of first and second sheets of material (4, 6) which have been separately formed and then connected together, the first and the second sheets of material (4, 6) each comprising a mixture of an organic intumescent filler and an adhesive which has been applied to a first side (8) of each of the sheets of material (4, 6) in liquid form such that the liquid mixture penetrates partially into each of the sheets of material (4, 6) from the first side (8) and on drying provides each of the sheets of material (4, 6) with an inner layer (10) formed of just the mixture, an intermediate layer (12) formed of that part of the sheet of material that has been penetrated by the mixture, and an outer layer (14) formed of that part of the sheet of material that has not been penetrated by the mixture, the fabric (2) being such that the first and the second sheets of material (4, 6) are positioned with the inner layers (10) touching each other, and the inner layers (10) being at least partially connected together by the adhesive in the mixture. <IMAGE>
Description
A FABRIC WHICH IS FIRE AND HEAT RESISTANT
This invention relates to a fabric which is fire and heat resistant.
Fabrics which are fire and heat resistant are well known. The fabrics have many uses including forming protective clothing, furnishings and upholstery coverings.
Patent specification WO 93/18824 discloses a fabric which is fire and heat resistant and which comprises an intimate mixture of an organic intumescent filler and organic fibres which are adapted to char within the temperature range of 200-5000C, the charring being such that carbonising reactions dominate the thermal degradation that occurs in the organic fibre components.
WO 93/18823 discloses various methods of producing the fabric but none of these methods are suited as a practical matter for producing the fabric on a commercial scale.
It is an aim of the present invention to provide a fabric which is fire and heat resistant, which includes an organic intumescent filler, and which is of a construction which enables the fabric easily to be produced on a commercial scale.
Accordingly, in one non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a fabric which is fire and heat resistant and which comprises a laminate of first and second sheets of material which have been separately formed and then connected together, the first and the second sheets of material each comprising a mixture of an organic intumescent filler and an adhesive which has been applied to a first side of each of the sheets of material in liquid form such that the liquid mixture penetrates partially into each of the sheets of material from the first side and on drying provides each of the sheets of material with an inner layer formed of just the mixture, an intermediate layer formed of that part of the sheet of material that has been penetrated by the mixture, and an outer layer formed of that part of the sheet of material that has not been penetrated by the mixture, the fabric being such that the first and the second sheets of material are positioned with the inner layers touching each other, and the inner layers being at least partially connected together by the adhesive in the mixture.
The use of the liquid mixture of the organic intumescent filler and the adhesive on the first side of the sheets of material advantageously enables the organic intumescent filler to be locked into the fabric when the sheets of material are connected together with the inner layers touching each other. The organic intumescent filler is able to be used without creating too much dust and waste. This enables the fabric of the present invention to be produced at an economical price, helping to satisfy legislation which requires the use of fire and heat resistant fabrics in a large number of areas, and helping to satisfy industry which is required by the legislation to use these fabrics but does not want the fabrics if they are substantially more expensive than previously used fabrics which are not fire and heat resistant.The use of the liquid mixture also enables good control to be achieved over the amount of the organic intumescent filler used, as compared to random mixing. The locking of the organic intumescent filler in the centre of the fabric and the use of the adhesive helps to ensure that the organic intumescent filler does not fall out of the fabric when the fabric is used and it starts to wear and become torn. If a dry powder mixture of the organic intumescent filler and the adhesive were to be placed on a sheet of material and then needling were to be employed to consolidate the dry powder into the fabric, then an unacceptable amount of dust would be created and this is bad for the health and safety of employees.
With the fabric of the present invention, there is no need to try and cover the fabric with layers of other material in order to try and contain the organic intumescent filler. Thus, whilst other layers of material may be employed if a particular type of fabric is required, these other layers of material are not essential and thus the cost of the fabric of the present invention can be kept to a minimum. The first and the second sheets of material can be chosen in dependence upon the final intended use of the fabric of the invention. Thus the first and the second sheets of material can be chosen to give desired wear characteristics and/or desired feel characteristics and/or desired colour characteristics.
The use of the adhesive enables the inner layers to be connected together so that, with the appropriate type of adhesive, a pressure sensitive tack effect may be obtained.
It is preferred that the first and the second sheets of material are needled to supplement the connection made by the adhesive. The needling, which is preferably a light needling, tends to add a firmer bond to the first and the second sheets of material than when only the adhesive is used.
The fabric is preferably one in which the first and the second sheets of material are formed of organic fibres which are such that they char within the temperature range of 100-5000C, the charring being such that carbonising reactions dominate the thermal degradation that occurs in the crganic fibre components.
Preferably the organic fibres are such that they char as aforesaid within the temperature range of 2005000C.
The organic fibres are preferably such that they are flame-retarded organic fibres, or such that they release a flame-retardant on being heated. The organic fibres may comprises a flame-retarded cotton viscose or wool fibre.
As the organic fibres char, wetting of fibre surfaces occurs by liquid acidic species generated from the flame retardant and/or any other acid-generating species in the organic fibres and/or from acidic products from the heated organic intumescent filler.
This results in the charred surfaces of the fibres and the organic intumescent filler bonding together to produce a fibre-reinforced amorphous intumescent char structure having all the advantages of an intumescent filler as far as fire and heat resistance are concerned, but without the disadvantages of inflexibility and brittleness normally associated with organic intumescent fillers.
Preferably, the first and the second sheet of material are non-woven fabrics structures. If desired however the first and the second sheets of material may be woven, knitted or other fabric structures. The first and the second sheets of material will usually be the same sheets of material but different types of first and second sheets of material may be employed if desired.
The fabric of the present invention may include an inorganic fibre component. The inorganic fibre component may be formed of inorganic fibres which are mixed with the organic fibres. Alternatively, the inorganic fibre component may be formed by a hybrid fibre which contains both organic and inorganic components.
The inorganic fibre component may have a melting point at temperatures significantly higher than 5000C.
The inorganic fibre component may be effective to assist the action of the organic intumescent filler to further delay complete oxidation of residual carbon from the char resulting from exposure of the fabric to fire and heat. The inorganic fibre component may help to create a skeletal structure which provides the fabric with a thermally insulated property even after all the carbonaceous materials in the fabric have been converted into gases.
A presently preferred hybrid organic fibre containing organic and inorganic components is a viscose staple fibre containing silicic acid and sold under the trade mark VISIL by Kemira Group Oy of Valkeakoski, Finland. In the fabric of the present invention, the
VISIL fibres may provide a fire and heat resistant structure up to 12000C.
Where the fibres are treated with a flame retardant material, then a presently preferred flame retardant material is that sold under the trade mark PROBAN by
Albright and Wilson.
The fabric of the present invention is able to form a responsive barrier fabric. The fabric may be used directly as a barrier material. Alternatively, the fabric may be used as a backing layer, a facing layer or an intermediate layer, all in any suitable and appropriate products. The backing and/or facing layers may be flexible layers, or they may be rigid layers formed of, for example, wood or metals, including metal foils such for example as aluminium foils. Where facing and/or backing layers are employed, then these facing and/or backing layers may be used to provide physical and/or mechanical characteristics for the product, in addition to contributing aesthetic characteristics if desired. The layer or layers may also serve to form the product to a required shape.
The fabric of the present invention may have a relatively low area density. This may enable the fabric to be used in the transport industry, for example in road vehicles and aircraft, where weight is an important consideration. Generally, any of the conventional techniques of fabric production may be employed to produce the fabric of the present invention, including weaving, knitting, needle punching, stitch bonding and adhesive bonding.
Any suitable and appropriate organic intumescent material may be employed. The organic intumescent material may comprise an acid source, a carbonific material, a spumific compound, and a skin-forming soft resin binder to prevent the escape of generated gases from the organic intumescent filler. The acid source may be, for example, mono- and di-ammonium phosphates, ammonium polyphosphates, melamine phosphate, guanyl phosphate, urea phosphate, ammonium sulphate and ammonium borate. The carbonific material may be glucose, maltose, arabinose, erythritol, pentaerythritol, di- and tri-pentaerythritol, arabitol, sorbitol, insitol and starches. The spumific compound may be, for example, melamine, guanidine, glycine, urea and chlorinated paraffin. Any suitable and appropriate soft resin binders may be employed.
Preferably, the first and the second sheets of material contain cellulose-based organic fibres, together with a phosphorus-based flame retardant such for example as Proban, Pyrovatex or ammonium sulphate.
The organic intumescent filler preferably comprises an ammonium phosphate/melamine/pentaerythritol system.
The fabric of the present invention may comprise incompatible organic fibres. These incompatible organic fibres may be organic fibres which will not char intensely over the required temperature range to produce the char bonding. The use of the incompatible organic fibres may help to prevent the fabric of the present invention to remain fire and heat resistant at higher temperatures than it would otherwise do.
The fabric may comprise an amount of organic intumescent filler sufficient to cause the fabric to increase in thickness by at least 20% when exposed to a temperature of at least 5000C. Preferably, the increase in thickness is at least 50%.
Any suitable and appropriate type of backing layers and/or facing layers may be employed. The backing layers and/or the facing layers may be provided with a flame retardant material or may be formed of a flame retardant material as may be desired. Where incompatible organic fibres are employed, these may be novoloid or polyaramid fibres.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described solely by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a cross section through a sheet of material for use in forming the fabric of the invention; and
Figure 2 is a cross section through the fabric of the invention using two sheets of material as shown in
Figure 1.
Referring to the drawings, there is shown a fabric 2 which is fire and heat resistant and which comprises a laminate of a first sheet of material 4 and a second sheet of material 6. The first and the second sheets of material 4,6 are the same as each other. Figure 1 shows a cross section through the first sheet of material 4 but it will be appreciated that a cross section through the second sheet of material 6 will look exactly the same as that shown in Figure 1.
The first and the second sheets of material 4, 6 are separately formed and then they are connected together.
The first and the second sheets of material 4, 6 each comprise a mixture of an organic intumescent filler and an adhesive which has been applied to a first side 8 of each of the first and the second sheets of material 4, 6 in liquid form. The application is such that the liquid mixture penetrates partially into each of the first and the second sheets of material 4, 6 from the first side 8. On drying, the previously liquid mixture provides each of the first and the second sheets of material 4, 6 with an inner layer 10 formed of just the mixture, an intermediate layer 12 formed of that part of the first and the second sheets of material 4, 6 that has been penetrated by the mixture, and an outer layer 14 formed of that part of the first and the second sheets of material 4, 6 that has not been penetrated.
As can be seen from Figure 2, the fabric 2 is such that the first and the second sheets of material 4, 6 are positioned with the inner layers 10 touching each other. The inner layers 10 are partially connected together by the adhesive in the mixture.
The first and the second sheets of material 4, 6 are needled by fibres 16 to supplement the connection made by the adhesive.
The adhesive is a resin adhesive. Any suitable and appropriate resin adhesive may be employed. Any suitable and appropriate material for the first and the second sheets of material 4, 6 may also be employed.
The first and the second sheets of material are preferably formed from organic fibres which are such that they char within the temperature range of 2005000C, the charring being such that carbonising reactions dominate the thermal degradation that occurs in the organic fibre components.
The fabric 2 may be such that it gives fire and heat resistance up to 12000C. The fabric may be used in aeroplanes, buildings, furniture, road vehicles, protective clothing and in any other suitable and appropriate areas. Generally, the fabric 2 can be used anywhere where there is a high risk of fire and it is necessary to specify a high performance fabric which is able to act as a fire barrier and to provide heat insulation. The preferred material for the first and the second sheets of material is the VISIL material mentioned above. Such a material gives good char and char bonding, and it releases very low amounts of toxins during combustion. The thread fibres 16 used in the stitch bonding may be any suitable and appropriate type of fibres but they are preferably obtained from VISIL thread or a polyamide thread.
The liquid mixture of the organic intumescent filler and the adhesive may be produced by mixing with water. The liquid mixture may penetrate the first and the second sheets of material 4, 6 by up to 40%. The first and the second sheets of material are then dried and baked to cross link the adhesive. The adhesive acts to bond the organic intumescent filler to the fibres of the first and the second sheets of material 4, 6. The adhesive also acts to provide the tacky inner layers 10 for facilitating the lamination of the first and the second sheets of material 4, 6 together.
When the first and the second sheets of material 4, 6 have been brought together, they are then calendered.
The residual tack in the adhesive acts as a pressure sensitive adhesive to provide a consolidated fabric 2 which is chemically and physically bonded. The consolidated fabric 2 is then lightly needled to provide the fibres 16 and to further consolidate the fabric 2 by providing a mechanical bond.
It is to be appreciated that the embodiment of the invention described above with reference to the accompanying drawings has been given by way of example only and that modifications may be effected. Thus, for example, the invention provides a method of producing the fabric according to the invention, and this method may be the method described above or a different method.
Also, the intumescent filler may be an inorganic intumescent filler.
Claims (17)
1. A fabric which is fire and heat resistant and which comprises a laminate of first and second sheets of material which have been separately formed and then connected together, the first and the second sheets of material each comprising a mixture of an organic intumescent filler and an adhesive which has been applied to a first side of each of the sheets of material in liquid form such that the liquid mixture penetrates partially into each of the sheets of material from the first side and on drying provides each of the sheets of material with an inner layer formed of just the mixture, an intermediate layer formed of that part of the sheet of material that has been penetrated by the mixture, and an outer layer formed of that part of that sheet of material that has not been penetrated by the mixture, the fabric being such that the first and the second sheets of material are positioned with the inner layers touching each other, and the inner layers being at least partially connected together by the adhesive in the mixture.
2. A fabric according to claim 1 in which the first and the second sheets of material are needled to supplement the connection made by the adhesive.
3. A fabric according to claim 1 or claim 2 in which the adhesive is a resin adhesive.
4. A fabric according to any one of the preceding claims in which the first and the second sheets of material are formed of organic fibres which are such that they char within the temperature range of 1005000C, the charring being such that carbonising reactions dominate the thermal degradation that occurs in the organic fibre components.
5. A fabric according to claim 4 in which the organic fibres are such that they char within the temperature range of 200-5000C.
6. A fabric according to claim 4 or claim 5 in which the organic fibres are such that they are flameretarded organic fibres, or such that they release a flame-retardant on being heated.
7. A fabric according to any one of claims 4 to 6 in which the organic fibres comprise a flame-retarded cotton viscose or wool fibre.
8. A fabric according to any one of the preceding claims in which the first and the second sheets of material are non-woven fabric structures.
9. A fabric according to any one of the preceding claims and including an inorganic fibre component.
10. A fabric according to claims 4 and 9 in which the inorganic fibre component is formed of inorganic fibres which are mixed with the organic fibres.
11. A fabric according to claim 10 in which the fibre is a viscose staple fibre containing silicic acid.
12. A fabric according to any one of the preceding claims in which the organic intumescent material comprises an acid source, a carbonific material, a spumific compound, and a skin-forming soft resin binder to prevent the escape of generated gases from the organic intumescent filler.
13. A fabric according to any one of the preceding claims in which the first and the second sheets of material contain cellulose-based organic fibres, together with a phosphorus-based flame retardant.
14. A fabric according to any one of the preceding claims and comprising incompatible organic fibres.
15. A fabric according to any one of the preceding claims and comprising an amount of organic intumescent filler sufficient to cause the fabric to increase in thickness by at least 20% when exposed to a temperature of at least 5000C.
16. A fabric according to any one of the preceding claims and including a backing layer and/or a facing layer.
17. A fabric which is fire and heat resistant, substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9419132A GB2293572A (en) | 1994-09-19 | 1994-09-19 | A fabric which is fire and heat resistant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9419132A GB2293572A (en) | 1994-09-19 | 1994-09-19 | A fabric which is fire and heat resistant |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9419132D0 GB9419132D0 (en) | 1994-11-09 |
| GB2293572A true GB2293572A (en) | 1996-04-03 |
Family
ID=10761759
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9419132A Withdrawn GB2293572A (en) | 1994-09-19 | 1994-09-19 | A fabric which is fire and heat resistant |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2293572A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004030905A1 (en) | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-15 | Spungold, Inc. | Composite fire barrier and thermal insulation fabric for mattresses and other upholstered articles |
| US8796162B2 (en) | 2001-05-14 | 2014-08-05 | Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. | Thermally protective flame retardant fabric |
| US10111532B2 (en) | 2001-05-14 | 2018-10-30 | Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. | Heat and flame-resistance materials and upholstered articles incorporating same |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4372997A (en) * | 1982-04-09 | 1983-02-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Heat- and flame-resistant sheet material |
-
1994
- 1994-09-19 GB GB9419132A patent/GB2293572A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4372997A (en) * | 1982-04-09 | 1983-02-08 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Heat- and flame-resistant sheet material |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8796162B2 (en) | 2001-05-14 | 2014-08-05 | Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. | Thermally protective flame retardant fabric |
| US10111532B2 (en) | 2001-05-14 | 2018-10-30 | Precision Fabrics Group, Inc. | Heat and flame-resistance materials and upholstered articles incorporating same |
| WO2004030905A1 (en) | 2002-10-01 | 2004-04-15 | Spungold, Inc. | Composite fire barrier and thermal insulation fabric for mattresses and other upholstered articles |
| US6823548B2 (en) | 2002-10-01 | 2004-11-30 | Spungold, Inc. | Composite fire barrier and thermal insulation fabric for mattresses and mattress foundations |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9419132D0 (en) | 1994-11-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |