EP0881338B1 - Flame retardant shingle - Google Patents

Flame retardant shingle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0881338B1
EP0881338B1 EP98109718A EP98109718A EP0881338B1 EP 0881338 B1 EP0881338 B1 EP 0881338B1 EP 98109718 A EP98109718 A EP 98109718A EP 98109718 A EP98109718 A EP 98109718A EP 0881338 B1 EP0881338 B1 EP 0881338B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shingle
shingle according
textile
binder
surface structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98109718A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0881338A3 (en
EP0881338A2 (en
Inventor
Peter Dr. Heidel
Bertrand Claude Weiter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johns Manville
Original Assignee
Johns Manville International Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johns Manville International Inc filed Critical Johns Manville International Inc
Publication of EP0881338A2 publication Critical patent/EP0881338A2/en
Publication of EP0881338A3 publication Critical patent/EP0881338A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0881338B1 publication Critical patent/EP0881338B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N5/00—Roofing materials comprising a fibrous web coated with bitumen or another polymer, e.g. pitch
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0056—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the compounding ingredients of the macro-molecular coating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
    • E04D1/12—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface
    • E04D1/22—Roofing elements shaped as plain tiles or shingles, i.e. with flat outer surface of specified materials not covered by any one of groups E04D1/14 - E04D1/205, or of combinations of materials, where at least one is not covered by any one of groups E04D1/14 - E04D1/205
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
    • Y10S428/921—Fire or flameproofing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24364—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.] with transparent or protective coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24372—Particulate matter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24372—Particulate matter
    • Y10T428/24421—Silicon containing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24372—Particulate matter
    • Y10T428/24421—Silicon containing
    • Y10T428/2443—Sand, clay, or crushed rock or slate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flame resistant shingle, as well as roofs and roofs made therefrom.
  • Flame retardant shingles have to meet a variety of requirements. This is achieved by a multi-layered construction of the shingle.
  • Known flame retardant shingles which substantially meet the requirements, have a laminate-like construction of a plurality of discrete specialty bitumen and glass fiber nonwoven layers.
  • flame-retardant shingles are known, which contain only a heavy glass-fleece insert, so that the multilayer structure described above is simplified.
  • the above-mentioned heavy glass nonwoven inserts usually have a basis weight of at least 100 g / m 2 .
  • the above-described laminate-like construction or the heavy glass fleece insert give the shingle, on the one hand, sufficient mechanical stability and, on the other hand, high resistance to flying blasts and radiant heat.
  • the flame-retardant shingles must have a high dimensional stability, so that they have no deformations that would result in Dachundenburgenburgen even after prolonged use as intended.
  • the hitherto known flame-retardant shingles either show a laminate-type construction of discrete special bitumen and glass fiber nonwoven layers, which can only be realized in a relatively expensive manner, or they contain heavy glass fleece inserts which are relatively expensive.
  • Another disadvantage is that bitumen adhesion to glass fiber webs is problematic. Furthermore, due to the different physical properties of the individual layers, delamination can not be ruled out.
  • it is desirable that the shingles have a high Nagelausr dichfesttechnik, since the shingles are usually attached by nails on the roof construction.
  • EP-A-0 745 718 and EP-A-0 634 515 describe roofing membranes and the EP-A-0573363 Shingle, which are partially fire retardant equipped.
  • the present invention is a flame resistant shingle containing at least one double-sided bitumin jewes textile fabric on the surface at least on one side a powdered or flake-shaped flame retardant is applied.
  • textile fabric is to be understood in this description in its broadest meaning. These may be all structures of natural or synthetic fibers, in particular of synthesized polymers, which have been produced by a surface-forming technique. Examples of such structures are woven, knitted fabrics and preferably scrims, knitted fabrics and nonwovens.
  • Wool, cotton, flax, sisal, coconut, and / or cellulose fibers are understood in particular as natural fibers.
  • fibers are both fibers of finite length, so-called staple fibers, as well as endless fibers, so-called filaments understood.
  • textile fabric is made up of synthetic staple fibers, these consist of the same material as the spunbonded fabrics described below.
  • spunbonded nonwovens which are produced by a disposition of freshly melt-spun filaments are preferred.
  • spunbonds which are produced by a disposition of freshly melt-spun filaments are preferred.
  • They consist of continuous synthetic fibers of melt-spinnable polymer materials.
  • Suitable polymer materials are, for example, polyamides, such as polyhexamethylene-diadipamide, poly-caprolactam, aromatic or partially aromatic polyamides ("aramids”), partly aromatic or fully aromatic polyesters, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymers with ether and keto groups, such as polyether ketones (PEK ) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or polybenzimidazoles.
  • the spunbonded nonwovens preferably consist of melt-spinnable polyesters.
  • Suitable polyester materials are in principle all known types suitable for fiber production. Such polyesters consist predominantly of building blocks derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and from aliphatic diols. Common aromatic dicarboxylic acid building blocks are the divalent radicals of benzenedicarboxylic acids, in particular terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid; Common diols have 2 to 4 carbon atoms, with the ethylene glycol being particularly suitable. Particularly advantageous are composites according to the invention whose nonwovens consist of a polyester material which consists of at least 85 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • dicarboxylic acid units and glycol units which act as so-called modifying agents and which allow the person skilled in the art to influence the physical and chemical properties of the filaments produced in a targeted manner.
  • dicarboxylic acid units are residues of isophthalic acid or of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid such as glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid;
  • modifying diol radicals are those of longer-chain diols, for example of propanediol or butanediol, of di- or triethylene glycol or, if present in small amounts, of polyglycol having a molecular weight of about 500 to 2000.
  • polyesters are for example in the DE-A-3,940,713 described and commercially available under the name ® TREVIRA CS or ® TREVIRA FR (Hoechst AG). With regard to their flame-retardant modification, the polyesters are not subject to any restriction.
  • polyesters containing at least 95 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate are particularly preferred, in particular those of unmodified polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the polyesters contained in the nonwovens usually have a molecular weight corresponding to an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.5 to 1.4 (dl / g), measured on solutions in dichloroacetic acid at 25 ° C.
  • IV intrinsic viscosity
  • the textile fabrics of fibers made of synthetic polymers for the production of the carrier insert according to the invention have basis weights of 20 to 2000 g / m 2 , preferably 50 to 400 g / m 2 .
  • the nonwovens are mechanically consolidated, for example by needling or thermally by calendering at elevated temperature and pressure and / or chemically, for example, by melt binders, which are preferably introduced into fibrous form.
  • the textile fabric of synthetic polymer fibers may also be a meltbond-bonded nonwoven fabric containing carrier and binder fibers.
  • the carrier and binder fibers can be derived from any thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers according to the user's requirement profile.
  • the proportion of the two types of fibers to each other can be selected within wide limits, it being important to ensure that the proportion of binder fibers is chosen so high that the nonwoven fabric obtained by bonding the carrier fibers with the binder fibers sufficient for the desired application strength.
  • the proportion of the binding fiber-derived binder in the nonwoven fabric is usually less than 50 wt .-%, based on the weight of the nonwoven fabric.
  • Suitable melt binders are, in particular, modified polyesters having a melting point which is lowered by up to 50 ° C., preferably from 10 to 50 ° C., in particular from 30 to 50 ° C., compared to the nonwoven raw material.
  • a binder are polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate or by condensing long-chain diols and / or of polyethylene terephthalate modified by isophthalic acid or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.
  • the melt binders are preferably introduced into the nonwovens in fibrous form, in particular in such a way that at least one - usually to be equipped with the flame and / or fire protection materials - surface consists almost entirely of binder fibers, as the EP-A-0530769 describes.
  • the individual fiber titers of the carrier and binder fibers are usually 1 to 16 dtex, preferably 2 to 6 dtex.
  • the nonwovens may be finally solidified after mechanical consolidation by needling and / or by means of fluid jets optionally with the aid of a chemical binder, for example based on a polyacrylate.
  • Particularly preferred are also those textile fabrics which have a combination of preferred features.
  • the filaments or staple fibers constituting the nonwovens may have a practically round cross section or may have other shapes, such as dumbbell, kidney, triangular or tri or multilobal cross sections.
  • the binder fiber can also be used in the form of Bioder multicomponent fibers, it must be ensured that the binder is available for solidification. In the case of core / sheath bicomponent fibers this means that the sheath component is essentially built up from the melt binder.
  • the spunbonded filaments can be modified by conventional additives, for example by antistatic agents such as carbon black and / or water repellents.
  • the shingle according to the invention contains at least one spunbonded fabric of the type described above as a textile fabric. Such a shingle shows a high nail tear resistance.
  • the shingle according to the invention can also contain a plurality of textile fabrics.
  • the graphite compounds mentioned above are in particular graphite salts, i. to compounds of graphite and mineral acids, such as nitric acid or sulfuric acid.
  • the flame retardant materials used according to the invention may contain, in addition to the above-mentioned compound, further additives, for example aluminum hydroxides.
  • further additives for example aluminum hydroxides.
  • the flame or fire protection material is applied in an amount of 10 to 120 g / m 2 , more preferably in an amount of 20 to 80 g / m 2 , at least on one side of the textile fabric.
  • the flame retardant has an average particle size of 150 to 650 .mu.m (D 50% value), since in this way a particularly uniform distribution can be achieved.
  • the fixation of the flame retardant on the fabric is carried out by a binder.
  • a binder This may be a chemical binder and / or melt binder or resin.
  • Suitable binders are, for example, polyvinyl alcohol-containing solutions, solutions of starch, cellulose or derivatives thereof.
  • Polymeric binders are, for example, rubber, latex, polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polystyrene butadienes, copolymers based on polyvinyl acetate, acrylate / styrene, ethylene-vinyl acetate and halogen-containing polymers.
  • Suitable melt binders are hot melt adhesives based on polyamide, polyester or polyurethane, their copolymers and mixtures thereof.
  • melt binders in particular, polybutylene terephthalate and modified polyethylene terephthalates - using aliphatic dicarboxylic acids or isophthalic acid - are suitable.
  • Suitable resins are meltable melamine-formaldehyde precondensates which can condense to form duromers.
  • the polymeric binders and the hotmelt adhesives can be applied in the form of discrete particles, powders, granules, staple fibers, continuous fibers, film or as a textile fabric, and as a melt.
  • the hot melt adhesive or the polymeric binder has an adhesive temperature which is below the softening temperature of at least the supporting fibers of the textile fabric. If the fabric of synthetic polymer fibers is a meltblown bonded nonwoven fabric, the softening temperatures of the fusible polymers and the binder fibers of the meltbinder-bonded nonwoven also be nearly equal or even overlap.
  • the fabric contains a proportion of fibers which can act as melt binders, it is of particular advantage if these are used as in EP-A-0,530,769 are arranged described in detail. These adhesive fibers may also be present as bicomponent or heterofil fiber.
  • the flame retardant can also be incorporated into the bitumen and applied together with this.
  • this has the disadvantage that only a small amount of the flame retardant can be active and thus the consumption of flame retardant is much higher.
  • this variant in particular with low flame retardants, offers a procedural advantage since one process step can be dispensed with. It is essential, however, that in this variant, the flame retardant in an amount of up to 20%, in particular 5 to 10%, based on the weight of the finished shingle, is introduced.
  • the flame retardant can be applied together with the optionally liquefied binder in the form of a dispersion or suspension.
  • the amount of binder required to fix the flame retardant depends essentially on the nature of the binder. If the binder is a fusible polymeric binder, it is applied to the textile fabric in an amount of from 5 to 120 g / m 2 , more preferably in an amount of from 10 to 40 g / m 2 , at least on one side.
  • the loaded with the flame retardant material and the binder fabric is treated by means of heat and / or pressure, so that the flame retardant material adheres to the top of the textile fabric.
  • the flame resistant shingle according to the invention can still contain reinforcing layers. These can further increase the dimensional stability of the finished shingle.
  • Another function of the reinforcing layer may be that the textile fabric of which the shingle according to the invention substantially consists, while the bituminization undergoes stabilization.
  • These reinforcing layers are individual threads arranged substantially parallel, with their thread density between 0.1 and 10 threads per cm, or woven, knitted, laid, knitted and nonwoven fabrics, in particular woven and nonwoven, of high-performance filaments, for example of glass, carbon, aromatic amides (aramids) and polyesters, preferably glass.
  • the reinforcing layers are arranged in the form of a woven or laid fabric, wherein the thread density is between 0.1 and 10 threads per cm.
  • bitumen and polymer bitumen suitable for the production of roofing membranes are suitable as bitumen.
  • the shingle according to the invention may also have a covering layer of an abrasion-resistant granular material, for example granules or sand.
  • the shingles according to the invention are obtained by punching out a web produced in this way.
  • the shape of the shingles is not limited, but classic forms such as beaver tail shingles are preferred for aesthetic reasons.
  • the punched shingle can be present as a single shingles or as Schindelbahn. In the latter case, it is due to the selection of the punch to a strip of several coexisting shingles, which are still connected to each other. Shingle shapes of this type are described in detail, for example, in product data sheets for ICOPAL shingles or ICOPAL shingles exclusively (Icopal-Siplast GmbH, Germany).
  • the shingle according to the invention may contain one or more textile fabrics, wherein at least one textile fabric must have a flame-retardant finish in order to ensure the required low flammability.
  • a flame-retardant textile fabric may already be sufficient in order to obtain a shingle after bituminization and, if appropriate, sanding and / or granulation, which meets the requirements.
  • the weight per unit area of the unexposed textile surface should be at least 100 g / m 2 .
  • This particular embodiment of the invention consists of a laminate-like construction, i. if the clapboard is constructed from a plurality of double-sided bitumen textile fabrics which may contain both textile-finished and flameproofed textile fabrics.
  • This sandwich-type structure is particularly preferred when a particularly high Nagelausr dichfestmaschine and mechanical stability is required. In a further embodiment, this may additionally contain a reinforcing layer.
  • the flame resistant shingle according to the invention has a thickness of between 1 and 50 mm, in particular 2 and 10 mm.
  • the basis weight of the bituminized shingle according to the invention is between 1 and 40 kg / m 2 , in particular between 2 and 8 kg / m 2 .
  • the flame resistant shingle according to the invention can be used for the production of roofs and roof areas.
  • the shingle according to the invention is flame-retardant and meets the fire protection requirements of the fire protection standard according to DIN 4102, Part 7 and the Nordtest Method No. 6.
  • An improved processability of the flame-resistant shingles is achieved in a conventional manner, when a part corresponding to a seam or joint area of the finished shingle, is released from flame retardant material, since a connection can be created without the risk of activation of the flame or fire protection material. Furthermore, the processability can be improved if a fusible protective film is attached to the underside of the finished shingle. This prevents sticking together of the shingles during storage and transport and can be removed by flame if necessary. This is necessary in particular along all joints and connections, since a shingle adhesive is usually applied here.
  • a preferred form of formation of the textile surface according to measure a) consists of spunbond formation. If necessary, preconsolidation of the textile surface formed may follow the formation of the textile surface.
  • the pulverulent flame retardant can also be applied by a plurality of adjacently arranged Bestreuungsstühle, wherein the sequence of the application is not subject to any restriction.
  • Bituminizing according to measure e takes place by saturating the web with bitumen, for example by impregnating (bitumen bath) or coating on both sides. Such bituminization methods are known in the manufacture of roofing membranes.
  • bituminiere web can be sprinkled with a decorative cover layer, such as fine-grained sand or optionally colored granules.
  • a decorative cover layer such as fine-grained sand or optionally colored granules.
  • the sprinkling is advantageously carried out shortly after the bituminization on the still soft bitumen layer.
  • a fusible protective film is applied to the underside of the fabric web obtained in accordance with measure e), which can easily be removed if necessary.
  • the web is made up, ie by punching, sawing or other suitable measures the shingles according to the invention are obtained.
  • the resulting flame-resistant shingles can be used directly as a covering for roof areas.
  • Such roofs or roofs made using the shingles according to the invention are also an object of the present invention.

Abstract

- Hardly flammable shingle contains a textile web, which is bituminised on both sides and has flame retardant powder or flakes applied to its surface(s). Also claimed is a roof containing these shingles.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine schwerentflammbare Schindel, sowie daraus hergestellte Dächer und Dachflächen.The invention relates to a flame resistant shingle, as well as roofs and roofs made therefrom.

Schwerentflammbare Schindeln müssen vielfältigen Anforderungen genügen. Dies wird durch einen mehrschichtigen Aufbau der Schindel erreicht. Bekannte, schwerentflammbare Schindeln, die den Anforderungen im wesentlichen genügen, haben einen laminatartigen Aufbau aus mehreren diskreten Spezialbitumen- und Glasfaservliesschichten. Darüber hinaus sind auch schwerentflammbare Schindeln bekannt, die nur eine Schwer-Glasvlies-Einlage enthalten, so daß der vorstehend beschriebene mehrschichtige Aufbau vereinfacht wird. Die vorstehend genannten Schwer-Glasvlieseinlagen haben üblicherweise ein Flächengewicht von mindestens 100 g/m2. Der vorstehend beschriebene laminatartige Aufbau oder die Schwer-Glasvlieseinlage geben der Schindel einerseits eine ausreichende mechanische Stabilität und andererseits eine hohe Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Flugfeuer und strahlende Wärme.Flame retardant shingles have to meet a variety of requirements. This is achieved by a multi-layered construction of the shingle. Known flame retardant shingles, which substantially meet the requirements, have a laminate-like construction of a plurality of discrete specialty bitumen and glass fiber nonwoven layers. In addition, also flame-retardant shingles are known, which contain only a heavy glass-fleece insert, so that the multilayer structure described above is simplified. The above-mentioned heavy glass nonwoven inserts usually have a basis weight of at least 100 g / m 2 . The above-described laminate-like construction or the heavy glass fleece insert give the shingle, on the one hand, sufficient mechanical stability and, on the other hand, high resistance to flying blasts and radiant heat.

Neben diesen Eigenschaften müssen die schwerentflammbaren Schindeln eine hohe Formstabilität besitzen, so daß sie auch nach längerem, anwendungsgemäßem Gebrauch keine Verformungen aufweisen, die in Dachundichtigkeiten resultieren würden.In addition to these properties, the flame-retardant shingles must have a high dimensional stability, so that they have no deformations that would result in Dachundichtigkeiten even after prolonged use as intended.

Die bisher bekannten schwerentflammbaren Schindeln zeigen entweder einen laminatartigen Aufbau aus diskreten Spezialbitumen- und Glasfaservliesschichten, der nur relativ aufwendig realisierbar ist, oder aber sie enthalten Schwer-Glasvlies-Einlage, die relativ teuer sind. Ein weiterer Nachteil ist, daß die Bitumenhaftung auf Glasfaservliesen problematisch ist. Weiterhin ist aufgrund der unterschiedlichen physikalischen Eigenschaften der einzelnen Schichten eine Delaminierung nicht auszuschließen ist. Zusätzlich zu den vorstehend beschriebenen Nachteilen ist es wünschenswert, daß die Schindeln eine hohe Nagelausreißfestigkeit aufweisen, da die Schindel üblicherweise durch Nägel auf der Dachkonstruktion befestigt werden.The hitherto known flame-retardant shingles either show a laminate-type construction of discrete special bitumen and glass fiber nonwoven layers, which can only be realized in a relatively expensive manner, or they contain heavy glass fleece inserts which are relatively expensive. Another disadvantage is that bitumen adhesion to glass fiber webs is problematic. Furthermore, due to the different physical properties of the individual layers, delamination can not be ruled out. In addition to the disadvantages described above, it is desirable that the shingles have a high Nagelausreißfestigkeit, since the shingles are usually attached by nails on the roof construction.

Die Dokumente EP-A-0 745 718 und EP-A-0 634 515 beschreiben Dachbahnen und die EP-A-0573363 Schindel, die teilweise brandhemmend ausgerüstet sind.The documents EP-A-0 745 718 and EP-A-0 634 515 describe roofing membranes and the EP-A-0573363 Shingle, which are partially fire retardant equipped.

Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, weitere - einfach zu realisierende - schwerentflammbare Schindeln bereitzustellen, die einerseits den brandschutztechnischen Anforderungen der Brandschutznorm DIN 4102, Teil 7 sowie der Brandschutznorm "Nordtest Methode Nr. 6" genügen und andererseits eine ausreichende Nagelausreißfestigkeit besitzen. Weiterhin soll die erfindungsgemäße Schindel eine hohe Delaminierungsbeständigkeit und eine verbesserte Bitumenhaftung aufweisen. Eine weitere Forderung ist - aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen - auf eine relativ teure Glasfaservlies-Einlage zu verzichten.It was therefore an object to provide further - easy to implement - flame-retardant shingles, on the one hand meet the fire protection requirements of the fire protection standard DIN 4102, Part 7 and the fire safety standard "Nordtest Method No. 6" and on the other hand have a sufficient Nagelausreißfestigkeit. Furthermore, the shingle according to the invention should have a high delamination resistance and an improved bitumen adhesion. Another requirement is - for economic reasons - to dispense with a relatively expensive glass fiber fleece insert.

Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine schwerentflammbare Schindel enthaltend mindestens ein beidseitig bituminiertes textiles Flächengebilde auf dessen Oberfläche zumindest einseitig ein pulver- oder flockenförmiges Flammschutzmittel aufgebracht ist.The present invention is a flame resistant shingle containing at least one double-sided bituminiertes textile fabric on the surface at least on one side a powdered or flake-shaped flame retardant is applied.

Der Begriff "textiles Flächengebilde" ist im Rahmen dieser Beschreibung in seiner breitesten Bedeutung zu verstehen. Dabei kann es sich um alle Gebilde aus natürlichen oder synthetischen Fasern, insbesondere aus synthetisierten Polymeren, handeln, die nach einer flächenbildenden Technik hergestellt worden sind. Beispiele für solche Gebilde sind Gewebe, Gestricke und vorzugsweise Gelege, Gewirke und Vliese.The term "textile fabric" is to be understood in this description in its broadest meaning. These may be all structures of natural or synthetic fibers, in particular of synthesized polymers, which have been produced by a surface-forming technique. Examples of such structures are woven, knitted fabrics and preferably scrims, knitted fabrics and nonwovens.

Als natürliche Fasern werden insbesondere Woll-, Baumwoll-, Flachs-, Sisal-, Kokos-, und/oder Zellulosefasern verstanden.Wool, cotton, flax, sisal, coconut, and / or cellulose fibers are understood in particular as natural fibers.

Als Fasern werden sowohl Fasern endlicher Länge, sogenannte Stapelfasern, als auch endlose Fasern, sogenannte Filamente, verstanden.As fibers are both fibers of finite length, so-called staple fibers, as well as endless fibers, so-called filaments understood.

Wird das textile Flächengebilde durch synthetische Stapelfasern aufgebaut, so bestehen diese aus dem gleichen Material wie die nachfolgend beschriebenen Spinnvliese.If the textile fabric is made up of synthetic staple fibers, these consist of the same material as the spunbonded fabrics described below.

Von den Vliesen aus Fasern aus synthetischen Polymeren sind Spinnvliese, sogenannte Spunbonds, die durch eine Wirrablage frisch schmelzgesponnener Filamente erzeugt werden, bevorzugt.
Sie bestehen aus Endlos-Synthesefasem aus schmelzspinnbaren Polymermatierialien. Geeignete Polymermaterialien sind beispielsweise Polyamide, wie z.B. Polyhexamethylen-diadipamid, Poly-caprolactam, aromatische oder teilaromatische Polyamide ("Aramide"), teilaromatische oder vollaromatische Polyester, Polyphenylensulfid (PPS), Polymere mit Ether- und Keto-gruppen, wie z.B. Polyetherketone (PEK) und Polyetheretherketon (PEEK), oder Polybenzimidazole.Of the nonwovens of synthetic polymer fibers, spunbonded nonwovens, so-called spunbonds, which are produced by a disposition of freshly melt-spun filaments are preferred.
They consist of continuous synthetic fibers of melt-spinnable polymer materials. Suitable polymer materials are, for example, polyamides, such as polyhexamethylene-diadipamide, poly-caprolactam, aromatic or partially aromatic polyamides ("aramids"), partly aromatic or fully aromatic polyesters, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymers with ether and keto groups, such as polyether ketones (PEK ) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or polybenzimidazoles.

Bevorzugt bestehen die Spinnvliese aus schmelzspinnbaren Polyestern.
Als Polyestermaterial kommen im Prinzip alle zur Faserherstellung geeigneten bekannten Typen in Betracht. Derartige Polyester bestehen überwiegend aus Bausteinen, die sich von aromatischen Dicarbonsäuren und von aliphatischen Diolen ableiten. Gängige aromatische Dicarbonsäurebausteine sind die zweiwertigen Reste von Benzoldicarbonsäuren, insbesondere der Terephthalsäure und der Isophthalsäure; gängige Diole haben 2 bis 4 C-Atome, wobei das Ethylenglycol besonders geeignet ist. Besonders vorteilhaft sind erfindungsgemäße Verbundstoffe, deren Vliese aus einem Polyestermaterial bestehen, das zu mindestens 85 mol% aus Polyethylenterephthalat besteht. Die restlichen 15 mol% bauen sich dann aus Dicarbonsäureeinheiten und Glycoleinheiten auf, die als sogenannte Modifizierungsmittel wirken und die es dem Fachmann gestatten, die physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der hergestellten Filamente gezielt zu beeinflussen. Beispiele für solche Dicarbonsäureeinheiten sind Reste der Isophthalsäure oder von aliphatischen Dicarbonsäure wie z.B. Glutarsäure, Adipinsäure, Sebazinsäure; Beispiele für modifizierend wirkende Diolreste sind solche von längerkettigen Diolen, z.B. von Propandiol oder Butandiol, von Di- oder Triethylenglycol oder, sofern in geringer Menge vorhanden, von Polyglycol mit einem Molgewicht von ca 500 bis 2000.The spunbonded nonwovens preferably consist of melt-spinnable polyesters.
Suitable polyester materials are in principle all known types suitable for fiber production. Such polyesters consist predominantly of building blocks derived from aromatic dicarboxylic acids and from aliphatic diols. Common aromatic dicarboxylic acid building blocks are the divalent radicals of benzenedicarboxylic acids, in particular terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid; Common diols have 2 to 4 carbon atoms, with the ethylene glycol being particularly suitable. Particularly advantageous are composites according to the invention whose nonwovens consist of a polyester material which consists of at least 85 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate. The remaining 15 mol% then build up from dicarboxylic acid units and glycol units, which act as so-called modifying agents and which allow the person skilled in the art to influence the physical and chemical properties of the filaments produced in a targeted manner. Examples of such dicarboxylic acid units are residues of isophthalic acid or of aliphatic dicarboxylic acid such as glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid; Examples of modifying diol radicals are those of longer-chain diols, for example of propanediol or butanediol, of di- or triethylene glycol or, if present in small amounts, of polyglycol having a molecular weight of about 500 to 2000.

Darüber hinaus können auch flammhemmend modifizierte Polyester verwendet werden. Derartige Polyester sind beispielsweise in der DE-A-3,940,713 beschrieben und im Handel unter der Bezeichnung ®TREVIRA CS oder ®TREVIRA FR (Hoechst AG) erhältlich. Hinsichtlich ihrer flammhemmenden Modifizierung unterliegen die Polyester keiner Einschränkung.In addition, it is also possible to use flame-retardant modified polyesters. Such polyesters are for example in the DE-A-3,940,713 described and commercially available under the name ® TREVIRA CS or ® TREVIRA FR (Hoechst AG). With regard to their flame-retardant modification, the polyesters are not subject to any restriction.

Besonders bevorzugt sind Polyester, die mindestens 95 mol% Polyethylenterephthalat enthalten, insbesondere solche aus unmodifiziertem Polyethylenterephthalat.Particularly preferred are polyesters containing at least 95 mol% of polyethylene terephthalate, in particular those of unmodified polyethylene terephthalate.

Die in den Vliesen enthaltenen Polyester haben üblicherweise ein Molekulargewicht entsprechend einer intrinsischen Viskosität (IV) von 0,5 bis 1,4 (dl/g), gemessen an Lösungen in Dichloressigsäure bei 25°C.The polyesters contained in the nonwovens usually have a molecular weight corresponding to an intrinsic viscosity (IV) of 0.5 to 1.4 (dl / g), measured on solutions in dichloroacetic acid at 25 ° C.

Die textilen Flächengebilde aus Fasern aus synthetischen Polymeren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Trägereinlage weisen Flächengewichte von 20 bis 2000 g/m2 auf, vorzugsweise 50 bis 400 g/m2.The textile fabrics of fibers made of synthetic polymers for the production of the carrier insert according to the invention have basis weights of 20 to 2000 g / m 2 , preferably 50 to 400 g / m 2 .

Die Vliese werden nach ihrer Herstellung mechanisch beispielsweise durch Vernadeln oder thermisch durch Kalandrieren bei erhöhter Temperatur und Druck und/oder chemisch beispielsweise durch Schmelzbinder, die bevorzugt in Faserform eingebracht werden, verfestigt.After being produced, the nonwovens are mechanically consolidated, for example by needling or thermally by calendering at elevated temperature and pressure and / or chemically, for example, by melt binders, which are preferably introduced into fibrous form.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung kann das textile Flächengebilde aus Fasern aus synthetischen Polymeren auch ein schmelzbinderverfestigter Vliesstoff sein, welcher Träger- und Bindefasern enthält. Die Träger- und Bindefasern können sich von beliebigen thermoplastischen fadenbildenden Polymeren ableiten entsprechend dem Anforderungsprofil des Anwenders. Der Anteil der beiden Faserntypen zueinander kann in weiten Grenzen gewählt werden, wobei darauf zu achten ist, daß der Anteil der Bindefasern so hoch gewählt wird, daß der Vliesstoff durch Verklebung der Trägerfasern mit den Bindefasern eine für die gewünschte Anwendung ausreichende Festigkeit erhält. Der Anteil des aus der Bindefaser stammenden Bindemittels im Vliesstoff beträgt üblicherweise weniger als 50 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gewicht des Vliesstoffes.In a further embodiment of the invention, the textile fabric of synthetic polymer fibers may also be a meltbond-bonded nonwoven fabric containing carrier and binder fibers. The carrier and binder fibers can be derived from any thermoplastic fiber-forming polymers according to the user's requirement profile. The proportion of the two types of fibers to each other can be selected within wide limits, it being important to ensure that the proportion of binder fibers is chosen so high that the nonwoven fabric obtained by bonding the carrier fibers with the binder fibers sufficient for the desired application strength. The proportion of the binding fiber-derived binder in the nonwoven fabric is usually less than 50 wt .-%, based on the weight of the nonwoven fabric.

Als Schmelzbinder kommen insbesondere modifizierte Polyester mit einem gegenüber dem Vliesstoff-Rohstoff um bis zu 50°C, vorzugsweise 10 bis 50°C, insbesondere 30 bis 50°C abgesenkten Schmelzpunkt in Betracht. Beispiele für ein derartiges Bindemittel sind Polypropylen, Polybutylenterephthalat oder durch Einkondensieren längerkettiger Diole und/oder von Isophthalsäure oder aliphatischen Dicarbonsäuren modifiziertes Polyethylenterephthalat.
Die Schmelzbinder werden vorzugsweise in Faserform in die Vliese eingebracht, insbesondere in einer solchen Weise, daß mindenstens eine - in der Regel die mit dem Flamm- und/oder Brandschutzmaterialien auszurüstende - Oberfläche nahezu vollständig aus Bindefasern besteht, wie dies die EP-A-0530769 beschreibt.
Die Einzelfasertiter der Träger- und der Bindefasern betragen üblicherweise 1 bis 16 dtex., vorzugsweise 2 bis 6 dtex.Suitable melt binders are, in particular, modified polyesters having a melting point which is lowered by up to 50 ° C., preferably from 10 to 50 ° C., in particular from 30 to 50 ° C., compared to the nonwoven raw material. Examples of such a binder are polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate or by condensing long-chain diols and / or of polyethylene terephthalate modified by isophthalic acid or aliphatic dicarboxylic acids.
The melt binders are preferably introduced into the nonwovens in fibrous form, in particular in such a way that at least one - usually to be equipped with the flame and / or fire protection materials - surface consists almost entirely of binder fibers, as the EP-A-0530769 describes.
The individual fiber titers of the carrier and binder fibers are usually 1 to 16 dtex, preferably 2 to 6 dtex.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform können die Vliese nach einer mechanischen Verfestigung durch Vernadelung und/oder mittels Fluidstrahlen gegebenenfalls mit Hilfe eines chemischen Binders beispielsweise auf Basis eines Polyacrylats endverfestigt werden.In a further embodiment, the nonwovens may be finally solidified after mechanical consolidation by needling and / or by means of fluid jets optionally with the aid of a chemical binder, for example based on a polyacrylate.

Besonders bevorzugt sind auch solche textilen Flächengebilde, die eine Kombination von bevorzugten Merkmalen aufweisen.Particularly preferred are also those textile fabrics which have a combination of preferred features.

Die die Vliesstoffe aufbauenden Filamente oder Stapelfasern können einen praktisch runden Querschnitt besitzen oder auch andere Formen aufweisen, wie hantel-, nierenförmige, dreieckige bzw. tri- oder multilobale Querschnitte. Es sind auch Hohlfasern einsetzbar. Ferner läßt sich die Bindefaser auch in Form von Bioder Mehrkomponentenfasern einsetzen, wobei sicher gestellt sein muß, daß der Binder zur Verfestigung zur Verfügung steht. Im Falle von Kern/Hülle Bikomponentenfasern bedeutet dies, das die Hüllenkomponente im wesentlichen aus dem Schmelzbinder aufgebaut wird.The filaments or staple fibers constituting the nonwovens may have a practically round cross section or may have other shapes, such as dumbbell, kidney, triangular or tri or multilobal cross sections. There are also hollow fibers used. Furthermore, the binder fiber can also be used in the form of Bioder multicomponent fibers, it must be ensured that the binder is available for solidification. In the case of core / sheath bicomponent fibers this means that the sheath component is essentially built up from the melt binder.

Die das Spinnvlies bildenden Filamente können durch übliche Zusätze modifiziert sein, beispielsweise durch Antistatika, wie Ruß und/oder-Hydrophobierungsmittel.The spunbonded filaments can be modified by conventional additives, for example by antistatic agents such as carbon black and / or water repellents.

Vorteilhafterweise enthält die erfindungsgemäße Schindel zumindest ein Spinnvlies der vorstehend beschreibenen Art als textiles Flächengebilde. Eine derartige Schindel zeigt eine hohe Nagelausreißfestigkeit. Darüber hinaus kann die erfindungsgemäße Schindel auch mehrere textile Flächengebilde enthalten.Advantageously, the shingle according to the invention contains at least one spunbonded fabric of the type described above as a textile fabric. Such a shingle shows a high nail tear resistance. In addition, the shingle according to the invention can also contain a plurality of textile fabrics.

Weiterhin enthält die erfindungsgemäße Schindel ein zumindest auf einer Seite der textilen Fläche aufgebrachtes pulver- oder flockenförmiges Flammschutzmittel.
Bei den verwendeten Flammschutzmaterialien handelt es sich um ansich bekannte intumeszenz und/oder gasentwickelnde Flammschutzmittel.
Derartige Flamm- bzw. Brandschutzmaterialien sind oder enthalten insbesondere:

  1. (i) Graphit und/oder Graphit-Verbindungen, beispielsweise ®Sigraflex, der unter Wärmeentwicklung expandiert und/oder brandhemmende Gase freisetzt (intumeszens Effekt) und/oder
  2. (ii) Phosphor-Stickstoff-Verbindungen, wie Ammoniumphosphate und -polyhosphate, die unter dem Handelsnamen ®Exolith erhältlich sind, und/oder
  3. (iii) Kohlenstoffspender enthaltende Zusammensetzungen, wie beispielsweise Stärke plus Penthaerythrit, gegebenenfalls plus Phosphor-Stickstoff-Verbindung(en), wie z.B. Dicyandiamid und/oder Diammoniumphosphat.
  4. (iv) roter Phosphor, der in rieselfähiger Pastillen-Form vorliegt und gegebenenfalls Phosphate und Wachse enthält. Beispiele hierfür sind Handelsprodukte wie ®Hostaflam RP 681, 682 und 683.
Furthermore, the shingle according to the invention contains a powdered or flake-shaped flame retardant applied on at least one side of the textile surface.
The flame retardant materials used are per se known intumescence and / or gas-developing flame retardants.
Such flame or fire protection materials are or contain in particular:
  1. (i) graphite and / or graphite compounds, for example ® Sigraflex, which expands under heat development and / or releases fire-retardant gases (intumescent effect) and / or
  2. (ii) phosphorus-nitrogen compounds such as ammonium phosphates and -polyhosphate which ® under the trade name Exolith are available, and / or
  3. (iii) compositions containing carbon donors, such as starch plus pentaerythritol, optionally plus phosphorus-nitrogen compound (s), such as dicyandiamide and / or diammonium phosphate.
  4. (iv) red phosphorus which is in free-flowing lozenge form and optionally contains phosphates and waxes. Examples include commercial products such as ® Hostaflam RP 681, 682 and 683.

Bei den vorstehend genannten Graphit-Verbindungen handelt es sich insbesondere um Graphit-Salze, d.h. um Verbindungen aus Graphit und Mineralsäuren, wie Salpetersäure oder Schwefelsäure.The graphite compounds mentioned above are in particular graphite salts, i. to compounds of graphite and mineral acids, such as nitric acid or sulfuric acid.

Die erfindungsgemäß eingesetzten Flammschutzmaterialien können neben den vorstehend genannten Verbindung noch weitere Zusätze, beispielsweise Aluminiumhydroxide, enthalten. Durch Auswahl des Zusatzes und Auswahl der Zuschlagsmenge können die Eigenschaften des Flammschutzmittels gezielt beeinflußt werden.The flame retardant materials used according to the invention may contain, in addition to the above-mentioned compound, further additives, for example aluminum hydroxides. By selecting the additive and selecting the additional amount, the properties of the flame retardant can be influenced in a targeted manner.

Vorzugsweise wird das Flamm- oder Brandschutzmaterial in einer Menge von 10 bis 120 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt in einer Menge von 20 bis 80 g/m2, zumindest einseitig auf das textile Flächengebilde aufgebracht.Preferably, the flame or fire protection material is applied in an amount of 10 to 120 g / m 2 , more preferably in an amount of 20 to 80 g / m 2 , at least on one side of the textile fabric.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das Flammschutzmittel eine mittlere Teilchengröße von 150 bis 650 µm (D 50%-Wert) aufweist, da hierdurch eine besonders gleichmäßige Verteilung erzielt werden kann.It is particularly advantageous if the flame retardant has an average particle size of 150 to 650 .mu.m (D 50% value), since in this way a particularly uniform distribution can be achieved.

Die Fixierung des Flammschutzmittels auf dem textilen Flächengebilde erfolgt durch ein Bindemittel. Dieses kann ein chemischer Binder und/oder Schmelzbinder oder Harz sein. Geeignete Bindemittel sind beispielsweise polyvinylalkoholhaltige Lösungen, Lösungen von Stärke, Zellulose oder deren Derivate.
Polymere Bindemittel sind beispielsweise Kautschuk, Latex, Polyolefine wie Polyethylen oder Polypropylen, Polyvinylacetat, Polyurethan, Polyacrylat, Polystyrolbutadiene, Copolymerisate auf Basis von Polyvinylacetat, Acrylat/Styrol, EthylenNinylacetat und halogenhaltige Polymere.
Geeignete Schmelzbinder sind Schmelzkleber auf Basis von Polyamid, Polyester oder Polyurethan, deren Copolymere und Mischungen derselben. Von diesen Schmelzbindern sind insbesondere Polybutylenterephthalat und modifizierte Polyethylenterephthalate - unter Verwendung von aliphatischen Dicarbonsäuren oder Isophthalsäure - geeignet.
Als Harze sind schmelzbare Melamin-Formaldehyd-Vorkondensate geeignet, die zu Duromeren kondensieren können.The fixation of the flame retardant on the fabric is carried out by a binder. This may be a chemical binder and / or melt binder or resin. Suitable binders are, for example, polyvinyl alcohol-containing solutions, solutions of starch, cellulose or derivatives thereof.
Polymeric binders are, for example, rubber, latex, polyolefins such as polyethylene or polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polystyrene butadienes, copolymers based on polyvinyl acetate, acrylate / styrene, ethylene-vinyl acetate and halogen-containing polymers.
Suitable melt binders are hot melt adhesives based on polyamide, polyester or polyurethane, their copolymers and mixtures thereof. Of these melt binders, in particular, polybutylene terephthalate and modified polyethylene terephthalates - using aliphatic dicarboxylic acids or isophthalic acid - are suitable.
Suitable resins are meltable melamine-formaldehyde precondensates which can condense to form duromers.

Die polymeren Bindemittel sowie die Schmelzkleber können in Form diskreter Partikel, Pulvern, Granulaten, Stapelfasern, Endlosfasern, Film oder als textiles Flächengebilde, sowie als Schmelze aufgebracht werden.The polymeric binders and the hotmelt adhesives can be applied in the form of discrete particles, powders, granules, staple fibers, continuous fibers, film or as a textile fabric, and as a melt.

Wichtig ist, daß der Schmelzkleber bzw. das polymere Bindemittel eine Klebetemperatur besitzt, die unter der Erweichungstemperatur zumindest der tragenden Fasern des textilen Flächengebildes liegt. Falls das textile Flächengebilde aus Fasern aus synthetischen Polymeren ein schmelzbinderverfestigter Vliesstoff ist, können die Erweichungstemperaturen des schmelzbaren Polymeren und der Bindefasern des schmelzbinderverfestigten Vliesstoffes auch nahezu gleich sein oder sogar überlappen.It is important that the hot melt adhesive or the polymeric binder has an adhesive temperature which is below the softening temperature of at least the supporting fibers of the textile fabric. If the fabric of synthetic polymer fibers is a meltblown bonded nonwoven fabric, the softening temperatures of the fusible polymers and the binder fibers of the meltbinder-bonded nonwoven also be nearly equal or even overlap.

Wenn das textile Flächengebilde einen Anteil an Fasern enthält, die als Schmelzbinder fungieren können, so ist es von besonderem Vorteil, wenn diese wie in EP-A-0,530,769 detailiert beschrieben angeordnet sind. Diese Klebefasern können auch als Bikomponenten- oder Heterofil-Faser vorliegen.If the fabric contains a proportion of fibers which can act as melt binders, it is of particular advantage if these are used as in EP-A-0,530,769 are arranged described in detail. These adhesive fibers may also be present as bicomponent or heterofil fiber.

Darüber hinaus kann das Flammschutzmittel auch in den Bitumen eingearbeitet und mit diesem zusammen aufgebracht werden. Dies hat jedoch den Nachteil, daß nur eine geringe Menge des Flammschutzmittel aktiv werden kann und somit der Verbrauch an Flammschutzmittel ungleich höher ist. Dennoch bietet diese Variante, insbesondere bei günstigen Flammschutzmitteln, einen verfahrenstechnischen Vorteil, da ein Verfahrensschritt entfallen kann. Wesentlich ist jedoch, daß bei dieser Variante das Flammschutzmittel in einer Menge von bis zu 20 %, insbesondere 5 bis 10 %, bezogen auf das Warengewicht der fertigen Schindel, eingebracht wird.In addition, the flame retardant can also be incorporated into the bitumen and applied together with this. However, this has the disadvantage that only a small amount of the flame retardant can be active and thus the consumption of flame retardant is much higher. Nevertheless, this variant, in particular with low flame retardants, offers a procedural advantage since one process step can be dispensed with. It is essential, however, that in this variant, the flame retardant in an amount of up to 20%, in particular 5 to 10%, based on the weight of the finished shingle, is introduced.

Weiterhin kann das Flammschutzmittel zusammen mit dem gegebenenfalls verflüssigten Bindemittel in Form einer Dispersion oder Suspension aufgebracht werden.Furthermore, the flame retardant can be applied together with the optionally liquefied binder in the form of a dispersion or suspension.

Die zur Fixierung des Flammschutzmittels erforderliche Menge des Bindemittel hängt im wesentlichen von der Art des Bindemittels ab. Falls des Bindemittel ein schmelzbares polymeres Bindemittel ist, so wird diese in einer Menge von 5 bis 120 g/m2, besonders bevorzugt in einer Menge von 10 bis 40 g/m2, zumindest einseitig auf das textile Flächengebilde aufgebracht.The amount of binder required to fix the flame retardant depends essentially on the nature of the binder. If the binder is a fusible polymeric binder, it is applied to the textile fabric in an amount of from 5 to 120 g / m 2 , more preferably in an amount of from 10 to 40 g / m 2 , at least on one side.

Anschließend wird das mit dem Flammschutzmaterial und dem Bindemittel beladene textile Flächengebilde mittels Wärmeeinwirkung und/oder Druck behandelt, so daß das Flammschutzmaterial auf der Oberseite des textilen Flächengebildes anhaftet.Subsequently, the loaded with the flame retardant material and the binder fabric is treated by means of heat and / or pressure, so that the flame retardant material adheres to the top of the textile fabric.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann die erfindungsgemäße schwerentflammbare Schindel noch Verstärkungsschichten enthalten. Diese können die Formstabilität der fertigen Schindel weiter erhöhen. Eine weitere Funktion der Verstärkungsschicht kann darin bestehen, daß das textile Flächengebilde aus welchem die erfindungsgemäße Schindel zum wesentlichen besteht, während der Bituminierung eine Stabilisierung erfährt. Bei diesen Verstärkungsschichten handelt es sich um einzelne im wesentlichen parallel angeordnete Fäden, wobei deren Fadendichte zwischen 0,1 und 10 Fäden pro cm liegt, oder um Gewebe, Gestricke, Gelege, Gewirke und Vliese, insbesondere um Gewebe und Gelege, aus Hochleistungsfilamenten, beispielsweise aus Glas, Kohlenstoff, aromatischen Amiden (Aramide) und Polyester, bevorzugt Glas.
Bevorzugt werden die Verstärkungsschichten in Form eines Gewebe oder Geleges angeordnet, wobei die Fadendichte zwischen 0,1 und 10 Fäden pro cm beträgt.In a further embodiment, the flame resistant shingle according to the invention can still contain reinforcing layers. These can further increase the dimensional stability of the finished shingle. Another function of the reinforcing layer may be that the textile fabric of which the shingle according to the invention substantially consists, while the bituminization undergoes stabilization. These reinforcing layers are individual threads arranged substantially parallel, with their thread density between 0.1 and 10 threads per cm, or woven, knitted, laid, knitted and nonwoven fabrics, in particular woven and nonwoven, of high-performance filaments, for example of glass, carbon, aromatic amides (aramids) and polyesters, preferably glass.
Preferably, the reinforcing layers are arranged in the form of a woven or laid fabric, wherein the thread density is between 0.1 and 10 threads per cm.

Das mit Flammschutzmittel ausgerüstete textile Flächegebilde wird nachfolgend in an sich bekannter Weise beiseitig bituminiert. Als Bitumen sind alle zur Herstellung von Dachbahnen geeigneten Bitumen und Polymerbitumen geeignet.The textile fabric equipped with flame retardant is subsequently bituminized on both sides in a manner known per se. All bitumen and polymer bitumen suitable for the production of roofing membranes are suitable as bitumen.

Zusätzlich kann die erfindungsgemäße Schindel noch eine Abdeckschicht aus einem abriebfesten körnigen Material, beispielsweise Granulat oder Sand, aufweisen.In addition, the shingle according to the invention may also have a covering layer of an abrasion-resistant granular material, for example granules or sand.

Durch Ausstanzen aus eine derartig hergestellten Bahn werden die erfindungsgemäßen Schindeln erhalten. Die Form der Schindeln unterliegt keiner Einschränkung, jedoch werden klassische Formen wie Biberschwanz -Schindeln aus ästhetischen Gründen bevorzugt. Die ausgestanzte Schindel kann als einzelne Schindeln oder als Schindelbahn vorliegen. Im letztgenannten Fall handelt es sich bedingt durch die Auswahl des Stanzwerkzeuges um einen Streifen von mehreren nebeneinander vorliegenden Schindeln, die noch miteinander verbunden sind. Derartige Schindelformen werden beispielsweise in Produktdatenblättern für ICOPAL Schindeln bzw. ICOPAL Schindeln exclusiv (Firma Icopal-Siplast GmbH, Deutschland) detailiert beschrieben.The shingles according to the invention are obtained by punching out a web produced in this way. The shape of the shingles is not limited, but classic forms such as beaver tail shingles are preferred for aesthetic reasons. The punched shingle can be present as a single shingles or as Schindelbahn. In the latter case, it is due to the selection of the punch to a strip of several coexisting shingles, which are still connected to each other. Shingle shapes of this type are described in detail, for example, in product data sheets for ICOPAL shingles or ICOPAL shingles exclusively (Icopal-Siplast GmbH, Germany).

Die erfindungsgemäße Schindel kann eine oder mehrere textile Flächengebilde enthalten, wobei mindestens ein textiles Flächengebilde eine flammhemmende Ausrüstungaufweisen muß um die geforderte Schwerentflammbarkeit zu gewährleisten. Je nach Flächengewicht der textile Fläche kann bereits ein flammhemmend ausgerüstetes textiles Flächengebilde ausreichen, um nach Bituminierung und gegebenenfalls Bestreung mit Sand und/oder Granulat eine Schindel zu erhalten, die den Anforderungen genügt. In diesem Fall sollte das Flächengewicht der unausgerüsteten textilen Fläche mindestens 100 g/m2 betragen. Im Sonderfällen, kann anstelle einer schweren textilen Fläche zugunsten von mehreren leichteren textilen Flächen verzichtet werden, so daß sich insgesamt eine höher belastbare Schindel ergibt.The shingle according to the invention may contain one or more textile fabrics, wherein at least one textile fabric must have a flame-retardant finish in order to ensure the required low flammability. Depending on the weight per unit area of the textile surface, a flame-retardant textile fabric may already be sufficient in order to obtain a shingle after bituminization and, if appropriate, sanding and / or granulation, which meets the requirements. In this case, the weight per unit area of the unexposed textile surface should be at least 100 g / m 2 . In special cases, can be dispensed instead of a heavy textile surface in favor of several lighter textile surfaces, so that overall results in a higher load-bearing shingles.

Diese besondere Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht aus einem laminatartigen Aufbau, d.h. wenn die Schindel aus mehreren beidseitig bitumierten textilen Flächengebilden aufgebaut wird, die sowohl mit Flammschutzmitteln ausgerüstete und auch unausgerüstete textile Flächengebilde enthalten kann. Dieser sandwichartige Aufbau ist besonders bevorzugt wenn eine besonders hohe Nagelausreißfestigkeit und mechanische Stabilität gefordert wird. In einer weiteren Ausführungsform kann diese noch zusätzlich eine Verstärkungsschicht enthalten.This particular embodiment of the invention consists of a laminate-like construction, i. if the clapboard is constructed from a plurality of double-sided bitumen textile fabrics which may contain both textile-finished and flameproofed textile fabrics. This sandwich-type structure is particularly preferred when a particularly high Nagelausreißfestigkeit and mechanical stability is required. In a further embodiment, this may additionally contain a reinforcing layer.

Die erfindungsgemäße schwerentflammbare Schindel weist eine Dicke zwischen 1 und 50 mm, insbesondere 2 und 10 mm, auf. Das Flächengewicht der erfindungsgemäßen bituminierten Schindel beträgt zwischen 1 und 40 kg/m2, insbesondere zwischen 2 und 8 kg/m2.The flame resistant shingle according to the invention has a thickness of between 1 and 50 mm, in particular 2 and 10 mm. The basis weight of the bituminized shingle according to the invention is between 1 and 40 kg / m 2 , in particular between 2 and 8 kg / m 2 .

Die erfindungsgemäße schwerentflammbare Schindel läßt sich zur Herstellung von Dächern und Dachflächen verwenden.The flame resistant shingle according to the invention can be used for the production of roofs and roof areas.

Die erfindungsgemäße Schindel ist schwerentflammbar und genügt den Brandschutzanforderungen der Brandschutznorm nach DIN 4102, Teil 7 sowie dem Nordtest Methode Nr. 6.The shingle according to the invention is flame-retardant and meets the fire protection requirements of the fire protection standard according to DIN 4102, Part 7 and the Nordtest Method No. 6.

Eine verbesserte Verarbeitbarkeit der schwerentflammbaren Schindel wird in ansich bekannter Weise erzielt, wenn ein Teil, der einem Naht- oder Stoßbereich der fertigen Schindel entspricht, von Flammschutzmaterial freigelassen wird, da hier eine Verbindung geschaffen werden kann, ohne daß die Gefahr einer Aktivierung des Flamm- oder Brandschutzmaterials besteht.
Weiterhin läßt sich die Verarbeitbarkeit verbessern, wenn an der Unterseite der fertigen Schindel eine schmelzbare Schutzfolie angebracht ist. Diese verhindert ein Zusammenkleben der Schindeln bei Lagerung und Transport und kann im Bedarfsfall mittels Flamme wieder entfernt werden. Dies ist insbesondere entlang aller Stösse and Anschlüsse erforderlich, da hier üblicherweise ein Schindelkleber aufgebracht wird.An improved processability of the flame-resistant shingles is achieved in a conventional manner, when a part corresponding to a seam or joint area of the finished shingle, is released from flame retardant material, since a connection can be created without the risk of activation of the flame or fire protection material.
Furthermore, the processability can be improved if a fusible protective film is attached to the underside of the finished shingle. This prevents sticking together of the shingles during storage and transport and can be removed by flame if necessary. This is necessary in particular along all joints and connections, since a shingle adhesive is usually applied here.

Die Verlegung der Schindeln erfolgt mit den dem Fachmann geläufigen Verlegetechniken und unterliegt keinerlei Einschränkungen.The laying of the shingles takes place with the laying techniques familiar to the person skilled in the art and is subject to no restrictions.

Weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen schwerentflammbaren Schindel umfassend die Maßnahmen:

  1. a) Bildung einer textilen Fläche,
  2. b) Aufbringen des Bindemittels,
  3. c) Aufbringen des Flammschutzmittels,
  4. d) Ausüben von erhöhter Temperatur und/oder Druck, so daß das Flammschutzmittel auf der Oberfläche der textilen Fläche anhaftet,
  5. e) Bituminieren der gemäß Maßnahme d) erhaltenen Fläche,
  6. f) Konfektionieren der Schindel aus der gemäß Maßnahme e) erhaltenen Warenbahn,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Flammschutzmittel pulver- oder flockenförmig ist.Another object of the present invention is a method for producing the flame resistant shingle according to the invention comprising the measures:
  1. a) formation of a textile surface,
  2. b) applying the binder,
  3. c) applying the flame retardant,
  4. d) applying elevated temperature and / or pressure so that the flame retardant adheres to the surface of the textile surface,
  5. e) bituminising the area obtained according to measure d),
  6. f) assembling the shingle from the product web obtained according to measure e),
characterized in that the flame retardant is powdery or flake-shaped.

Eine bevorzugte Form der Bildung der textilen Fläche gemäß Maßnahme a) besteht in der Spunbond-Bildung.
An die Bildung der textilen Fläche kann sich gegebenenfalls noch eine Vorverfestigung der gebildeten textilen Fläche anschließen.A preferred form of formation of the textile surface according to measure a) consists of spunbond formation.
If necessary, preconsolidation of the textile surface formed may follow the formation of the textile surface.

In einer Variante des Verfahrens ist es möglich vor oder nach den Maßnahmen a), b) oder c) mindestens eine Verstärkungsschicht in ansich bekannter Weise einzuarbeiten.In one variant of the method, it is possible to incorporate at least one reinforcing layer in a manner known per se before or after the measures a), b) or c).

In einer Variante des Verfahrens ist es möglich die Maßnahmen b) und c) gemeinsam durchzuführen.In a variant of the method, it is possible to carry out the measures b) and c) together.

In einer Variante des Verfahrens ist es möglich mehrere gemäß Maßnahme e) erhaltene Warenbahnen zu kombinieren. Dies ermöglicht u.a. einen laminatförmigen Aufbau der Schindel, bei dem auch nicht mit Flammschutzmittel ausgerüstete textile Flächengebilde mit ausgerüsteten textilen Flächengebilden kombiniert werden können.In a variant of the method, it is possible to combine several webs obtained according to measure e). This allows u.a. a laminate structure of the shingle, in which also not equipped with flame retardant textile fabrics can be combined with finished textile fabrics.

Gemäß Maßnahme c) des Verfahrens kann das pulverförmige Flammschutzmittel auch durch mehrere hintereinander angeordnete Bestreuungsstühle aufgebracht werden, wobei die Abfolge des Auftragens keiner Einschränkung unterliegt.According to measure c) of the method, the pulverulent flame retardant can also be applied by a plurality of adjacently arranged Bestreuungsstühle, wherein the sequence of the application is not subject to any restriction.

Das Bituminieren gemäß Maßnahme e) erfolgt durch Sättigung der Warenbahn mit Bitumen, beispielsweise durch Tränken (Bitumenbad) oder beidseitiges Beschichten. Derartige Bituminierungsverfahren sind bei der Herstellung von Dachbahnen bekannt.Bituminizing according to measure e) takes place by saturating the web with bitumen, for example by impregnating (bitumen bath) or coating on both sides. Such bituminization methods are known in the manufacture of roofing membranes.

Anschließend kann die bituminierte Warenbahn mit einer dekorativen Deckschicht, beispielsweise feinkörnigem Sand oder einen gegebenenfalls gefärbten Granulat bestreut werden. Das Bestreuen erfolgt zweckmäßigerweise kurz nach der Bituminierung auf die noch weiche Bitumenschicht. Zur Verhinderung des Zusammenklebens der konfektionierten Schindeln ist es von Vorteil, wenn auf die Unterseite der gemäß Maßnahme e) erhaltenen Warenbahn eine schmelzbare Schutzfolie angebracht wird, die im Bedarfsfalle leicht entfernt werden kann.Subsequently, the bituminierte web can be sprinkled with a decorative cover layer, such as fine-grained sand or optionally colored granules. The sprinkling is advantageously carried out shortly after the bituminization on the still soft bitumen layer. In order to prevent the assembled shingles from sticking together, it is advantageous if a fusible protective film is applied to the underside of the fabric web obtained in accordance with measure e), which can easily be removed if necessary.

Anschließend wird die Warenbahn konfektioniert, d.h. durch Ausstanzen, Aussägen oder andere geeignete Maßnahmen werden die erfindungsgemäßen Schindeln erhalten.Subsequently, the web is made up, ie by punching, sawing or other suitable measures the shingles according to the invention are obtained.

Es ist gleichermaßen bevorzugt das Verfahren nach dem Flächenbildungsprozess oder zu einem späteren geeigneten Zeitpunkt zu unterbrechen.It is equally preferable to interrupt the process after the surface forming process or at a later suitable time.

Die erhaltenen schwerentflammbaren Schindel können direkt als Belag für Dachflächen eingesetzt werden. Solche unter Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Schindeln hergestellte Dächer oder Dachflächen sind ebenfalls Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung.The resulting flame-resistant shingles can be used directly as a covering for roof areas. Such roofs or roofs made using the shingles according to the invention are also an object of the present invention.

Claims (12)

  1. A flame-resistant shingle containing at least one textile surface structure bituminized on both sides, characterized in that a flameproofing agent in powder or flake form is applied on the textile at least on one side.
  2. The shingle according to Claim 1, characterized in that the textile surface structure consists of natural or synthetic fibers and is a tissue, knitted fabrics, laying, knitwear or a non-woven fabric, especially a spunbonded non-woven fabric or stable non-woven fabric.
  3. The shingle according to Claim 2, characterized in that the non-woven fabric is strengthened thermally, chemically or by melting binder or consists substantially of polyester.
  4. The shingle according to Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the textile surface structure has a weight per unit area of 20 to 2000 g/m2, especially of 50 to 400 g/m2.
  5. The shingle according to Claim 1, characterized in that the flameproofing agent contains intumescence graphite, an intumescence graphite compound, a phosphorus-nitrogen compound, a composition containing a carbon donor or contains red phosphorus, optionally in a mixture with aluminum hydroxides, and is applied in an amount of 10 to 120 g/m2.
  6. The shingle according to Claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the flameproofing agent is fixed with a binding agent, especially a chemical binder, a melting binder or a resin.
  7. The shingle according to Claim 1, characterized by a layered design, especially by one further strengthening layer or at least one further textile surface structure.
  8. The shingle according to Claim 7, characterized in that a flameproofing agent in powder or flake form is applied on the surface of the further textile surface structure at least on one side.
  9. The shingle according to Claim 7, characterized in that it has a cover layer of a wear-resistant material.
  10. The shingle according to Claim 1, characterized by a meltable protective foil on the bottom.
  11. The shingle according to Claim 1, characterized in that it has a thickness of 1 to 50 mm, especially from 2 to 10 mm or a weight per unit area of 1 to 90 kg/m2, especially from 2 to 8 kg/m2.
  12. A roof surface containing shingles in accordance with at least one of Claims 1 to 11.
EP98109718A 1997-05-30 1998-05-28 Flame retardant shingle Expired - Lifetime EP0881338B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE29709804U 1997-05-30
DE29709804U DE29709804U1 (en) 1997-05-30 1997-05-30 Flame retardant shingle

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EP0881338A2 EP0881338A2 (en) 1998-12-02
EP0881338A3 EP0881338A3 (en) 2001-10-10
EP0881338B1 true EP0881338B1 (en) 2008-04-16

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US (1) US6436510B1 (en)
EP (1) EP0881338B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE392516T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2235186C (en)
DE (2) DE29709804U1 (en)
NO (1) NO981441L (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO981441L (en) 1998-12-01
EP0881338A3 (en) 2001-10-10
NO981441D0 (en) 1998-03-31
CA2235186A1 (en) 1998-11-30
DE29709804U1 (en) 1997-08-14
DE59814217D1 (en) 2008-05-29
EP0881338A2 (en) 1998-12-02
ATE392516T1 (en) 2008-05-15
US6436510B1 (en) 2002-08-20
CA2235186C (en) 2008-07-22

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