GB2277975A - Thermoplastic pipe - Google Patents
Thermoplastic pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2277975A GB2277975A GB9409040A GB9409040A GB2277975A GB 2277975 A GB2277975 A GB 2277975A GB 9409040 A GB9409040 A GB 9409040A GB 9409040 A GB9409040 A GB 9409040A GB 2277975 A GB2277975 A GB 2277975A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- reinforcement
- coiled
- welding
- reinforcing
- welded
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/06—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating using roller electrodes
- B23K11/067—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating using roller electrodes for welding three-dimensional seams
- B23K11/068—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating using roller electrodes for welding three-dimensional seams of helicoidal seams
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
- B29C48/151—Coating hollow articles
- B29C48/152—Coating hollow articles the inner surfaces thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
- B29C48/156—Coating two or more articles simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
- B29C48/157—Coating linked inserts, e.g. chains
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L11/00—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
- F16L11/04—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
- F16L11/08—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
- F16L11/081—Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall comprising one or more layers of a helically wound cord or wire
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
- B29C48/87—Cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
- B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2101/00—Use of unspecified macromolecular compounds as moulding material
- B29K2101/12—Thermoplastic materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2023/00—Tubular articles
- B29L2023/22—Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
A thermoplastic pipes reinforced with a wire framework by extrusion moulding, comprises transverse spiral reinforcement (3) coiled onto longitudinal reinforcing strings (2) arranged along the circumference of the fixed welding electrode (4), said reinforcement being welded to the longitudinal reinforcing strings with the help of the rotating welding device (5), following which the welded wire framework (2, 3) is introduced into the moulding cavity (6), whereto is simultaneously fed thermoplastic material being extruded. The transverse spiral reinforcement comprises at least two reinforcing spirals coiled in one direction with mutual central symmetrical shift by the coiling phase. In this case welding is effected with a plurality of roller electrodes (8a, 8b) distributed along the circumference of the roller welding device. <IMAGE>
Description
A 2277975 The present invention relates to a method for producing
thermoplastic pipes reinforced with a wire framework by extrusion moulding. This method is particularly suited to the manufacture of such thermoplastic pipes. which are used in the construction of pipelines. intended mainly for handling corrosive media under fairly high pressure in the chemical, oil, electricpower and other branches of industry.
A method is known for making thermoplastic pipes reinforced with a wire framework by extrusion moulding (USSR 657997)t according to which a transverse spiral reinforcement is coiled onto the tensioned and translatory displaced longitudinal reinforcing stringsq equidistantly spaced along the circumference of a fixed welding electrode, said reinforcement is welded, as It is being coiled, to the longitudinal reinforcing strings with the help of a roller welding device, said roller welding device revolving around the axis-of the transverse spiral reinforcement synchronously with coiling thereof, said welded wire framework is introduced into a moulding cavity. whereto thermoplastic material being extruded is fed simultaneously. According to this method the transverse spiral reinforcement is coiled vrith only one reinforcing spiral and is welded with only one roller electrode of the roller welding device. Such a method pays for itself only up to a definite diameter value of the thermoplastic pipe, vtose excess causes a decline in productivity of the process or deterioration in strength of said pipes due to the following reasons:
1Vith the preset geometric parameters of a thermoplastic pipe, including the mesh size of the reinforcing wire framework, the maximum linear productivity of the continuous process, corresponding to translatory displacement speed of the wire framework, is determined ultimately by the maximum allowable speed of qualified resistance welding. e'.icpressed in terms of the number of weld spots per time unit. With the Increase of the pipe diameter, but leaving the mesh size of the wire framework and translatory displacement speed unchanged, the required welding speed increases proportionally, which can become no longer reasonable due to deteriOration of welding quality. In the method described above the welding speed can be practically reduced to the tolerated value only by reducing the speed of translatory displacement of the wire framework, which means reduction of linear productivity of the process, or by increasing the mesh size of the reinforcing wire framework, which causes deterioration of the pipe strength. Hence, the available state of art does not allow for producing said thermoplastic pipes of increased diameter of the same or all the more improved quality and productivity characteristics.
It is an object of the present invention to provide such a method Of continuous manufacture of thermoplastic pipes reinforeed with a wire framework, with whose help said pipes of larger diameter could be producedg simultaneously maintaining or even improving quality characteristics and productivity.
This problem is solved, according to the invention, by that in the known above-described method the transverse spiral reinforcement is coiled by at least two reinforcing spirals simultaneously and unidirectionally with mutual central symmetrical shift by the coiling phase. and that welding is effected with a plurality of roller electrodes, distributed along the circumference of the roller welding device, the number of the roller electrodes being in compliance with that of the reinforcing spirals.
The features of the method according to this invention heretofore described offer an advantage, as compared with the available state of art, lying in the fact that the manufacture of thermoplastic pipes of a greater diameter no longer causes reduction of linear productivity of the process and/or deterioration of the pipe strengthq since the speed of qualified resistance welding no longer becomes a limiting factor. This is gained at the expense of a comparatively minor complication of the process equipment.
How the invention may be carried out will now be described in more detail with reference to schematic drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is an example of the equipment for embodimbnt of the invention, longitudinal cross-section, Fig. 2 is the left-side view of the equipment according to Fig. 1.
The thermoplastic pipe 1 reinforced with a wire framework comprises a cylindrical wall made of thermoplastic meterial, in whose middle portion there is a wire framework consisting of longitudinal reinforcing strings 2 and transverse spiral reinforcement 3 welded thereto. According to the embodiment of the invention the transverse spiral reinforcement 3 consists of two unidirectional reinforcing spirals 3a, 3b with mutual central symmetrical shift by the coiling phase through an angle of 0 3600/2 = 180 ' The number of the reinforcing spirals of the spiral reinforcement 3 may be equal to three, four and more. depending mainly on the pipe diameter. Then the mutual coiling phase shift angle will be 360 0 /x, where x is the number of the reinforcing spirals.
The method for producing the thermoplastic pipe I reinforced with a wire framevkr:K is based on the continuous extrusion moulding of thermoplastic material, such as pblyethylene. The method consists in that the transverse spiral reinforcement 3 is coiled onto the tensioned and traaslatory displaced reinforcing strings 2, equidistantly spaced along the circumference of the fixed welding electrode 4, said reinforcement is welded, as it is being coiled, to the longitudinal reinforcing strings 2 with the help of the roller welding device 5. the latter revolving around the axis of the transverse spiral reinforcement 3 synchronously with its coiling. Following this said welded wire framework 2, 3 is introduced into the moulding cavity 6, whereto thermoplastic material 7 being extruded is fed simultaneously.
According to the invention, the transverse spiral reinforcement 3 is coiled as shovm in Fig. 2 by at least two reinforcing spirals 3as 3b. In this case the numbe3Z of the reinforcing spirals of the transverse spiral reinforcement 3 may be increased with the increase of the pipe diameter up to three, four and more. All the reinforcing spirals of the transverse spiral reinforcement 3 are coiled simultaneously in one direction with mutual central symmetrical shift by the coiling phase through an angle of 3600/x, where x is the number of the reinforcing spirals.
Welding is effectedg as shown in Fig. 29 with two roller electrodes 8al 8bg distributed along the circumference of the roller welding device 51 the number of the roller electrodes being in compliance with that of the reinforcing spirals. High welding quality is attained when current Is supplied to each roller electrode individually. however, group connection of said electrodes is possible.
The equipment for carrying out this invention presented in the "avrings comprises the extrusion head 9 connected to a standard extruder (not shown), said head carrying the fixed welding electrode 4 and the cooled mandrel 10. The housing 11 contains the roller welding device, mounted with the possibility of rotation. outfitted with a standard driving device (not shown). The roller ivelding device 5 carries diametrically opposed springloaded (springs not shown) roller electrodes 8a. 8b, deflecting rollers 12a, 12b for coiling the reinforcing spirals 3a, 3b and freely rotating spools 13 for the wire of the reinforcing spirals 3a, ",,b. The roller welding device 5 comprises also the brush-type current collector 14 for supplying current to the roller electrodes 8a, 8b, said collector in the presented example may be of the dcabled construction.
How the invention can be embodied with the help of the equipment described above is as follows:
The longitudinal reinforcing strings 2 are uncoiled from the external spools (not shown) and are translatory displaced together with the readymade thermoplastic pipe 1 via the fixed welding electrode 4 with the help of a standard traction device (not shown). as the roller welding device 5 revolves, the deflecting rollers 12a, 12b rotating together with the former, coil the reinforcing spirals 3a, 3b, unwound from the freely rotating spools 13, and coiled onto the longitudinal reinforcing strings 2 supported with the fixed welding electrode 4. The reinforcing spirals 3a, 3b in the course of coiling are welded to the longitudinal reinforcing strings 2 with the help of the roller electrodes 8a, 8b, rotating together with the device 5. The welded wire framework is fed instantly into the moulding cavity 6. Whereto thermoplastic material being extruded is-fed simultaneously along the circular channel of the extrusion head 9, said material filling under pressure the moulding cavity 6 and covering the wire framework 2. 3 on both sides. The thermoplastic pipe 19 leaving the moulding cavity 6 uninterruptedly in the direction of arrow A is cooled dowa and cut into separate pieces.
The table below presents the numerical examples characterizing the invention in comparison with the state of art.
Description
Thermoplastic material Pipe outer diameter, mm Pipe wall thickness$ mm.
Wire material Wire diameter, mm Number of longitudinal reinforcing strings, pes Number of reinf orcing spirals, pes Coiling pitch of one spiral, mm Clear mesh size of wire framework, mm, x mm Welding current, kA Welding pulse duration ms Welding pulse rate, Hz Linear productivity, m/min Table
Pipe according Pipe according to state of art to invention dia.150 mm dia.240 mm dia.320 mm low-pressure high-density polyethylene 240 12 13 low-carbon steel 2.5 2-5 42 1 320 14 3.0 2 3 33 7.6 x 7.5 7.6 x 7.5 7.6 x 8. 0 6 6 7 120 7 0.10 0.12 7 5.5 0.12 13-
Claims (4)
1. Thermoplastic pipe reinforced with bar mat consisting of longitudinal reinforcement In the form of equally spaced circumferentially arranged strings on which transverse sprial reinforcement is coiled and welded, the Improvement being that the transverse spiral reinforcement Is made of at least two reinforcing spirals coiled In the same direction with equal spacing with a coiling phase shift of 360cVx. where x is the number of reinforcing spirals.
2. The method for making thermoplastic pipes reinforced with a wire framework by extrusion moulding, according to which a transverse spiral reinforcement is coiled onto the tensioned and translatory displaced longitudinal reinforcing strings, equidistantly spaced along the circumference of the fixed welding electrode, said reinforcement is welded, as it is being coiled, to the longitudinal reinforcing strings with the help of a roller welding device, revolving around the axis of the transverse spiral reinforcement synchronously with coiling thereof, following which the welded wire framework is introduced into the moulding cavity, whereto is simultaneously fed thermoplastic material being extruded, characterized by that the transverse spiral reinforcement is coiled as at -9 # least two reinforcing spirals simultaneously in one direction with mutual central symmetrical shift by the coiling phase and that welding is effected with a plurality of roller electrodes, distributed along the circumference of the roller welding device, the number of said electrodes corresponding to that of the reinforcing spirals.
3. A method according to Claim 2, for the manufacture of thermoplastic pipe reinforced with bar mat by extrusion moulding in accordance with which transverse spiral reinforcement is coiled on tightened and gradually translated strings of the longitudinal reinforcement, equally spaced around the fixed welding electrode and the spiral transverse reinforcement is welded to the strings of the longitudinal reinforcement as this spiral reinforcement Is coiled with the help of a seam welding mechanism which is rotated around the axis of the sprial reinforcement in synchronism with its coiling. and the welded bar mat Is fed in the moulding cavity whereto extruded thermoplastic is simulataneously fed. the improvement being that the transverse spiral reinforcement Is coiled in at least two reinforcing spirals with a centrally symmetric coiling phase shift and welding is carried out with the help of several circumferentially arranged roller electrodes the number of which corresponds to the number of reinforcing spirals.
- b --
4. A method in accordance with clairkis 2 or 3, the Improvement being that welding current is fed to each roller electrode through an Independent welding circuit.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL105667A IL105667A0 (en) | 1993-05-11 | 1993-05-11 | Thermoplastic pipe |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9409040D0 GB9409040D0 (en) | 1994-06-22 |
| GB2277975A true GB2277975A (en) | 1994-11-16 |
Family
ID=11064829
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9409040A Withdrawn GB2277975A (en) | 1993-05-11 | 1994-05-06 | Thermoplastic pipe |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE4416434A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2705132A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2277975A (en) |
| IL (1) | IL105667A0 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1269060B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1067608C (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2001-06-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学星河实业有限公司 | Making method and equipment of netted steel skeleton for composite plastic tube |
| EP1577077A2 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2005-09-21 | Harbin Institute of Technology Starway Industrial Co. Ltd. | Piping made of steel mesh reinforced plastic composite pipe and method for making the pipe |
| WO2013137770A1 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2013-09-19 | Petrov Yuriy Maksimovich | Metal-containing polymeric reinforced pipe, method for manufacturing same and pipeline produced using said pipe |
| WO2021180842A1 (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2021-09-16 | HC-Kunststoffwerk Rülzheim GmbH | Thermoplastic hose, and a device and a method for producing such a hose |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PL212621B1 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2012-10-31 | Spyra Primo Poland Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia | Rigid pipe |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU657997A1 (en) * | 1977-01-25 | 1979-04-25 | FJ. А. Кореньков. А: Г. Фишбейн к Л. Л. СтриКовскйй | Apparatus for making reinforced thermoplastic tubes |
-
1993
- 1993-05-11 IL IL105667A patent/IL105667A0/en unknown
-
1994
- 1994-05-06 GB GB9409040A patent/GB2277975A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-05-10 FR FR9405758A patent/FR2705132A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-05-10 IT ITFI940084A patent/IT1269060B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-05-11 DE DE4416434A patent/DE4416434A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1067608C (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2001-06-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学星河实业有限公司 | Making method and equipment of netted steel skeleton for composite plastic tube |
| EP1577077A2 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2005-09-21 | Harbin Institute of Technology Starway Industrial Co. Ltd. | Piping made of steel mesh reinforced plastic composite pipe and method for making the pipe |
| EP1577077A3 (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2008-01-02 | Harbin Institute of Technology Starway Industrial Co. Ltd. | Piping made of steel mesh reinforced plastic composite pipe and method for making the pipe |
| WO2013137770A1 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2013-09-19 | Petrov Yuriy Maksimovich | Metal-containing polymeric reinforced pipe, method for manufacturing same and pipeline produced using said pipe |
| EP3150365A1 (en) | 2012-03-14 | 2017-04-05 | Petrov, Yuriy Maksimovich | Connecting element for constructing a pipeline |
| WO2021180842A1 (en) * | 2020-03-12 | 2021-09-16 | HC-Kunststoffwerk Rülzheim GmbH | Thermoplastic hose, and a device and a method for producing such a hose |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9409040D0 (en) | 1994-06-22 |
| IT1269060B (en) | 1997-03-18 |
| FR2705132A1 (en) | 1994-11-18 |
| IL105667A0 (en) | 1993-09-22 |
| ITFI940084A0 (en) | 1994-05-10 |
| ITFI940084A1 (en) | 1995-11-10 |
| DE4416434A1 (en) | 1994-11-17 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |