GB2272694A - Method of preventing deterioration of concrete,mortar,or polymeric material - Google Patents
Method of preventing deterioration of concrete,mortar,or polymeric material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2272694A GB2272694A GB9323642A GB9323642A GB2272694A GB 2272694 A GB2272694 A GB 2272694A GB 9323642 A GB9323642 A GB 9323642A GB 9323642 A GB9323642 A GB 9323642A GB 2272694 A GB2272694 A GB 2272694A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- mortar
- concrete
- nickel
- high polymer
- polymer material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/06—Oxides, Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/30—Oxides other than silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
- C04B14/34—Metals, e.g. ferro-silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/02—Elements
- C04B22/04—Metals, e.g. aluminium used as blowing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/2092—Resistance against biological degradation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
A method of preventing the deterioration of concrete, mortar, or polymeric material, in which nickel, nickel oxide, Raney nickel, stabilized nickel, tin, tin oxide, cobalt oxide, stainless steel, or a metal comprising a mixture of these metals is contained in said concrete, mortar, or polymeric material. Concrete, mortar, or polymeric material that is particularly used for sewage disposal facilities, can be prevented from deterioration when such metals as above are contained.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Method for Preventing Deterioration of Concrete,
Mortar or High Polymer Material
FIELD OF ART:
The present invention relates to a method for preventing deterioration of concrete, mortar or a high polymer material, and more particularly to a method for preventing deterioration of concrete, mortar or a high polymer material caused by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of a genus of Thiobacillus especially in sewage-treating facilities and the like.
BACKGROUND ART:
It has been known that deterioration takes place by the action of hydrogen sulfide evolved in sewage-treating facilities or the like in such manner that the concrete or mortar structures tend to become gypsiferous or a paint is peeled off therefrom or cracks are formed in a high polymer material such as polyester. Such deterioration is supposed to be ascribable to oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfuric acid by the action of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of a genus of
Thiobacillus which generally lives widely in soil or water and grows with assimilation of carbon dioxide by oxidation of sulfur compounds, and a variety of methods have been proposed for preventing the deterioration.These preventative methods are roughly classified into the following four methods; (1) a method for inhibiting the formation of sulfides, (2) a method for inhibiting the generation of hydrogen sulfide, (3) a method for inhibiting the formation of sulfuric acid from hydrogen sulfide, and (4) a method for using anti-corrosive materials.
As the above method (1) or (2), there is known a method wherein hydrogen peroxide or chlorine compounds, or metallic salts such as iron, zinc, lead, copper, etc. is added in a large amount to sewage, as advocated by US Environmental
Protection Agency. However, this method involves problems for economical reasons. As the method (3), there is known a method wherein ventilation is performed to reduce the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in the air. However, this method permits emission of bad odor and still fails to obtain a satisfactory result in the present status. What is more, a method wherein glass fibers and stainless steel, for example, are utilized as the anti-corrosive material is known as the method (4), but this method has a drawback in that problems arise in facilitated construction and in economy.
There are also known organic compounds such as
Na-PCP as a bacteriostatic agent to be incorporated into sulfur mortar. However, the use of these compounds permits the formation of pinholes and cracks in concrete or mortar, thus involving a problem of being devoid of durability. In addition, the use of the above Na-PCP is prohibited at present.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method capable of preventing deterioration of concrete, mortar or a high polymer material efficiently and for an extended period of time.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
Fig. la is a photograph showing the state of deterioration of the surface of a test sample which is used in
Example 1.
Fig. ib is an explanatory diagram for explaining
Fig. la.
Fig. 2a is a photograph showing the state of deterioration of the surface of a test sample which is used in
Example 2.
Fig. 2b is an explanatory diagram for explaining
Fig. 2a.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a deterioration-accelerating system used in Examples 2-4.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION:
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for preventing deterioration of concrete, mortar or a high polymer material, characterized in that a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, a nickel oxide, Raney nickel, stabilized nickel, tin, a tin oxide, a cobalt oxide, stainless steel and mixtures thereof is incorporated into the concrete, the mortar or the high polymer material.
THE BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION:
The present invention is explained further in detail hereinbelow.
The method of the present invention is characterized by incorporating a specific metal into concrete, mortar or a high polymer material for exhibiting a bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal effect to sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of a genus of
Thiobacillus propagating in soil, water and the like which is usually supposed to cause deterioration of concrete, mortar or a high polymer material.
The above metal is a component which is reacted with sulfuric acid generated at the time of deterioration of concrete, mortar or a high polymer material by the action of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of a genus of Thiobacillus to form a sulfate, thus exhibiting bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal effect to the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and more particularly can be selected from the group consisting of nickel, a nickel oxide, Raney nickel, a stabilized nickel, tin, a tin oxide, a cobalt oxide, stainless steel and mixtures thereof.
The above metal is desirably in the form of fine powders so as to be mixed easily and homogeneously with concrete, mortar or a high polymer material, and more preferably of finely divided powders having an average particle diameter of 0.001-0.1 mm. The proportion of the above metal to be incorporated is preferably 0.001-25 parts by weight, more preferably 0.1-20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the cement ingredient in concrete or mortar or of the high polymer material.If the proportion is less than 0.001 part by weight, it is difficult to maintain the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against the sulfuroxidizing bacteria for an extended period of time, whereas if the proportion exceeds 25 parts by weight, no enhancement can not be expected in bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, and moreover, a problem arises in regard to cost, thus being not preferred.
The method of this invention can be carried out by admixing known concrete, mortar or a high polymer material such as polyethylene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, epoxy resin or a known paint composition with the above metal and then forming concrete, mortar or the high polymer material in a desired place according to a usual method.
The method of the present invention wherein the specific metal is used for exhibiting bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect to the sulfur-oxidizing bacteria can prevent deterioration of concrete, mortar or a high polymer material efficiently and for a long period of time. Thus, the method of the present invention is extremely useful for preventing deterioration of concrete, mortar or a high polymer material in sewage treatment facilities and the like where such material is brought into contact with water.
EXAMPLES
The present invention will now be illustrated in more detail by way of Examples and Comparative Examples.
However, the present invention is not limited thereto.
ExamPle 1
To a mortar composition composed of 10 parts by weight of cement, 200 parts by weight of sand and 50 parts by weight of water were added finely divided powders of nickel, a nickel oxide, tin, a tin oxide or stainless steel (SUS 304) of not more than 200 mesh individually in amounts of 2, 10 and 20 parts by weight, respectively, and each mixture was well mixed under agitation by the aid of a mortar mixer and molded in the shape of 4 x 4 x 16 cm, respectively, to form 15 pieces of mortar test samples. The resultant mortar test samples were exposed in an aerial portion of sludge facilities in a sewage treatment plant. After exposing the test samples in sludge for 2 years after the placement, terminal end portions of each test sample were cut off by 4 cm to investigate the deterioration state by observing their cut out areas and the surface condition of the test samples. Table 1 shows a result of the cut out area of the test samples, Fig. la is a photograph showing the surface condition of the test samples, and Fig. ib is an explanatory diagram of Fig. la.
ComParative Example 1
Each test was processed and carried out in the same manner as described in Example 1 except that copper or copper oxide finely divided powders, an organic compound of isophthalone series (trade name: "FINESIDE D-75"), an organic compound of imide series (trade name: "FINESIDE Cup), and a nitrogen/sulfur-containing organic compound (trade name: 1tFINESIDE A-3") (all manufactured by Tokyo Fine Chemicals Co.,
Ltd.) each conventionally used for inhibition of microorganisms were used independently in place of the finely divided powders of nickel, nickel oxide, tin, tin oxide or stainless steel, or except that a mortar test sample made free of the finely divided powder component was used.A result of the test is also shown in Table 1 and Figs. la and ib in the same manner as in Example 1.
Alternatively, Fig. ib is an explanatory diagram for
Fig. la and 1-29 in Fig. ib stand for the test samples corresponding to those in Fig. la, respectively. More precisely, 1, 6 and 11 stand for the test samples to which the nickel finely divided powders were added, 2, 7 and 12 stand for the test samples to which the nickel oxide finely divided powders were added 3, 8 and 13 stand for the test samples to which stainless steel finely divided powders were added, 4, 9 and 14 stand for the test samples to which the tin finely divided powders were added, 5, 10 and 15 stand for the test samples to which the tin oxide finely divided powders were added, 16, 21 and 25 stand for the test samples to which the organic compound of imide series (trade name: "FINESIDE CP"), 17 stands for the test sample to which the nitrogen/sulfurcontaining organic compound (trade name: "FINESIDE A-3" was added, 18, 22 and 26 stand for the test samples to which the organic compound of isophthalone series (trade name: "FINESIDE
D-75"), 19,. 23 and 27 stand for the test samples to which the copper finely divided powders were added, and 20, 24 and 28 stand for the test samples to which the copper oxide finely divided powders were added, respectively.Further, 1-5 and 16-20 stand for the test samples wherein the finely divided powder components or the like were incorporated in an amount of 2 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement, 6-10 and 21-24 stand for the test samples wherein the finely divided powder components or the like were incorporated in an amount of 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement, 11-15 and 25-28 stand for the test samples wherein the finely divided powder components or the like were incorporated in an amount of 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of cement, and 29 stands for the test sample wherein the mortar component alone was used.
Table 1
Example 1 Comparative Example 1
Ni NiO Sn SnO Stainless CU CuO p~751) C A-33) No
steel addition
Addition of 2 0 0 0 0 0 1430 257 46 8 23 155 parts by weight
Addition of 10 0 0 0 0 0 235 15 183 10 Not 1105 parts by weight cured
Addition of 20 0 0 0 0 0 23 8 1250 12 Not 126 parts by weight cured in terms of mm2 1) An organic compound of isophthalone series (trade name:
"FINESIDE D-75") 2) An organic compound of imide series (trade name:
"FINESIDE CP") 3) A nitrogen/sulfur-containing organic compound (trade name:
"FINESIDE A-3")
All manufactured by Tokyo Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd.
ExamPle 2
To a mortar composition composed of 100 parts by weight of cement, 200 parts by weight of sand and 50 parts by weight of water were added finely divided powders of nickel, tin or stainless steel (SUS 304) of not more than 200 mesh, so that each metal component was 0.1 part by weight, respectively, and each mixture was thoroughly mixed under agitation by the aid of a mortar mixer, and molded in the shape of 4 x 4 x 16 cm, respectively, to form 3 mortar test samples. The resultant mortar test sample were subjected to a deterioration-accelerating system using sulfur bacteria as shown in Fig. 3 to perform a deterioration test. In this case, an analogous test was also carried out on a test sample consisting of the mortar component alone free of the above finely divided powders by way of comparison. The testing method will now be explained hereinafter, with reference to
Fig. 3.
In Fig. 3, 40 stands for a deteriorationaccelerating system wherein 41 for a permecal permeator for supplying a hydrogen sulfide gas of a constant concentration through a line 45 to a reaction tank 50. A compressed air from which any impurities have been eliminated is supplied through an active carbon column 42, a compressor 43 and an air drier 44 to the permeator 41 where the compressed air is brought into contact with a liquefied hydrogen sulfide and a hydrogen gas of 75 ppm is supplied through a line 45 to the reaction tank 50 maintained at 30it. The test was carried out by accommodating each of the above mortar test samples 51 in the reaction tank 50 in the state of being dipped by 40% in water, and spraying a sulfur-oxidizing bacteria of a genus of
Thiobacillus to each mortar test sample from a spray 54 connected to a cultivation liquid tank 53 each time at a concentration of 106 cells/unit every 14 days periodically for 6 months. The cultivation liquid used had a composition of 2 g of (NH4)2SO4, 3 g of KNO3, 0.5 g of MgC2.6H2O, 0.25 g of CaC26H2O, 0.01 g of FeSO4s7H2O, 0.3 mg of Na2MoQ.2H2O and 0.5 g of Na2S203O5H2O per liter, while a commercially available sulfur-oxidizing bacterium was used. After completion of the test, the test samples were taken out from the reaction tank 50 and the same test as described in Example 1 was carried out. A result of the test is shown in Table 2 and Figs. 2a and 2b.
Alternatively, Fig. 2b is an explanatory diagram for
Fig. 2a and 30-33 in Fig. 2b stand for the test samples corresponding to those in Fig. 2a, respectively. More precisely, 30, 31 and 33 stand for the test samples blended with tin finely divided powders, nickel finely divided powders and stainless steel finely divided powders, respectively, while 34 stands for the test sample wherein the mortar component alone was used.
Table 2
Ni Sn Stainless steel No addition
0 0 0 35
2 in terms of mm2 ExamPle 3
Metal finely divided powders in an amount of 0.1 part by weight were respectively mixed with 100 parts by weight of an ortho-type polyester resin ("LIGOLAK 158BQT") manufactured by Showa High Polymer Co., Ltd., and each composition was molded in accordance with ASTM C-581-68.
The resultant molded sample was placed on two stainless steel bars of 1 cm in diameter spaced for a distance of 8 cm while a similar stainless steel bar was placed in the central part of the molded sample, and the central part of the molded sample was deformed downward by 5 mm thereby making the sample arched.
The molded sample was allowed to stand for 9 months in the same deterioration-accelerating system as used in
Example 2 whereupon no abnormality was observed, such as cracks.
ExamPle 4
Test samples were molded and tested for 6 months in the deterioration-accelerating system in the same manner as described in Example 2 except that a concrete having a nominal strength of 210 kg/m2 was used in place of the mortar and shaped into test sample of 10 x 10 x 40 cm in size. As a result, no change was observed in the test samples wherein the metals of the present invention had been incorporated. On the other hand, the test sample consisting of the concrete component free of the metal of the present invention had a cut off area of 3510 mm2.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preventing deterioration of concrete, mortar or a high polymer material, characterized in that a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, a nickel oxide, Raney nickel, stabilized nickel, tin, a tin oxide, a cobalt oxide, stainless steel and mixtures thereof is incorporated into the concrete, the mortar or the high polymer material.
2. A method for preventing deterioration as set forth in claim 1, wherein the metal is in the form of finely divided powders.
3. A method for preventing deterioration as set forth in claim 2, wherein an average diameter of the powders is 0.001-0.1 mm.
4. A method for preventing deterioration as set forth in claim 1, wherein a proportion of the metal is 0.0001-25 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the cement component in concrete and mortar or of the high polymer material.
5. A method for preventing deterioration as set forth in claim 1, wherein the high polymer material is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, an epoxy resin and mixtures thereof.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP1992/000320 WO1993019015A1 (en) | 1992-03-18 | 1992-03-18 | Method of preventing deterioration of concrete, mortar, or polymeric material |
| SG1996002528A SG45272A1 (en) | 1992-03-18 | 1992-03-18 | Method for prevening deterioration of concrete mortar or high polymer material |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9323642D0 GB9323642D0 (en) | 1994-02-09 |
| GB2272694A true GB2272694A (en) | 1994-05-25 |
| GB2272694B GB2272694B (en) | 1996-09-04 |
Family
ID=20429241
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9323642A Expired - Fee Related GB2272694B (en) | 1992-03-18 | 1992-03-18 | Method for preventing deterioration of concrete, mortar or polymer material |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| KR (1) | KR970001245B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4294814T1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2272694B (en) |
| SG (1) | SG45272A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111807860A (en) * | 2020-07-15 | 2020-10-23 | 湖州巨旺墙体材料有限公司 | High-strength steel slag powder concrete building block suitable for low-temperature environment |
Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS573624B2 (en) * | 1977-08-18 | 1982-01-22 | ||
| JPS6252157A (en) * | 1985-08-31 | 1987-03-06 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Free-machining high strength cement composition |
| JPH024547B2 (en) * | 1984-07-17 | 1990-01-29 | Shigetomi Komatsu | |
| JPH0234706A (en) * | 1988-07-22 | 1990-02-05 | Takeshi Masumoto | Manufacture of powder |
| JPH0214302B2 (en) * | 1985-04-08 | 1990-04-06 | Inax Corp | |
| JPH02185575A (en) * | 1989-01-12 | 1990-07-19 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Conductive resin composition |
| JPH02194030A (en) * | 1989-01-24 | 1990-07-31 | Toray Ind Inc | Biaxially oriented polyester film |
| JPH03212353A (en) * | 1990-01-17 | 1991-09-17 | Yoshiya Clean Syst:Kk | Bag |
| JPH10111341A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-04-28 | Advantest Corp | Ic testing device |
| JPH10139372A (en) * | 1996-11-06 | 1998-05-26 | Kawaden Co Ltd | Container crane |
| JPH10313351A (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 1998-11-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Portable telephone set recording incoming-call tone |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU85049A1 (en) * | 1983-10-18 | 1985-06-19 | Ludwig Voss Gmbh Und Co Kg Hoc | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CONCRETE RESISTANT TO BACTERIA-INDUCED SULFURIC ACID ATTACK |
| IL72879A (en) * | 1984-09-06 | 1988-12-30 | Ginegar Kibbutz | Plastic sheeting |
| US4891068A (en) * | 1988-05-12 | 1990-01-02 | Teikoku Piston Ring Co., Ltd. | Additive powders for coating materials or plastics |
| US5049332A (en) * | 1988-06-08 | 1991-09-17 | Akzo Nv | Method of making conductive metal-filled substrates without developing agents |
| FR2648467B1 (en) * | 1989-06-19 | 1993-01-22 | Antirouille | NOVEL MATERIAL FOR PROTECTION AGAINST FLUORHYDRIC ACID, AND COATING OBTAINED FROM SUCH A MATERIAL |
| DE3935478A1 (en) * | 1989-10-25 | 1991-05-02 | Wolfgang Ortlepp Industriebera | Corrosion protection of non-metallic materials - esp. waste water pipes or pipe coatings |
| DE4104596A1 (en) * | 1991-02-14 | 1992-08-20 | Woellner Werke | Self-hardening water soluble mixt. for chemically and biologically resistant cement - includes cation forming salts, oxide(s) or hydroxide(s) and complexing agents |
| JP3251068B2 (en) * | 1991-10-02 | 2002-01-28 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | Thermoplastic resin composition and secondary processed product thereof |
-
1992
- 1992-03-18 GB GB9323642A patent/GB2272694B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-03-18 DE DE4294814T patent/DE4294814T1/en active Pending
- 1992-03-18 DE DE4294814A patent/DE4294814C3/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-03-18 SG SG1996002528A patent/SG45272A1/en unknown
- 1992-03-18 KR KR1019930703492A patent/KR970001245B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS573624B2 (en) * | 1977-08-18 | 1982-01-22 | ||
| JPH024547B2 (en) * | 1984-07-17 | 1990-01-29 | Shigetomi Komatsu | |
| JPH0214302B2 (en) * | 1985-04-08 | 1990-04-06 | Inax Corp | |
| JPS6252157A (en) * | 1985-08-31 | 1987-03-06 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Free-machining high strength cement composition |
| JPH0234706A (en) * | 1988-07-22 | 1990-02-05 | Takeshi Masumoto | Manufacture of powder |
| JPH02185575A (en) * | 1989-01-12 | 1990-07-19 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | Conductive resin composition |
| JPH02194030A (en) * | 1989-01-24 | 1990-07-31 | Toray Ind Inc | Biaxially oriented polyester film |
| JPH03212353A (en) * | 1990-01-17 | 1991-09-17 | Yoshiya Clean Syst:Kk | Bag |
| JPH10111341A (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-04-28 | Advantest Corp | Ic testing device |
| JPH10139372A (en) * | 1996-11-06 | 1998-05-26 | Kawaden Co Ltd | Container crane |
| JPH10313351A (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 1998-11-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Portable telephone set recording incoming-call tone |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SG45272A1 (en) | 1998-01-16 |
| DE4294814C2 (en) | 1996-09-19 |
| DE4294814C3 (en) | 2000-06-15 |
| DE4294814T1 (en) | 1995-04-27 |
| GB2272694B (en) | 1996-09-04 |
| GB9323642D0 (en) | 1994-02-09 |
| KR970001245B1 (en) | 1997-02-04 |
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Effective date: 20040318 |