GB2271312A - Welding using radiant heat - Google Patents

Welding using radiant heat Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2271312A
GB2271312A GB9319379A GB9319379A GB2271312A GB 2271312 A GB2271312 A GB 2271312A GB 9319379 A GB9319379 A GB 9319379A GB 9319379 A GB9319379 A GB 9319379A GB 2271312 A GB2271312 A GB 2271312A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
heat source
welding apparatus
heat
joint
source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB9319379A
Other versions
GB9319379D0 (en
Inventor
Martin Kenneth Enile Askham
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FORWARD ENGINEERING Ltd
Original Assignee
FORWARD ENGINEERING Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB929221175A external-priority patent/GB9221175D0/en
Application filed by FORWARD ENGINEERING Ltd filed Critical FORWARD ENGINEERING Ltd
Priority to GB9319379A priority Critical patent/GB2271312A/en
Publication of GB9319379D0 publication Critical patent/GB9319379D0/en
Publication of GB2271312A publication Critical patent/GB2271312A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1432—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface direct heating of the surfaces to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1454—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1429—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1464—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
    • B29C65/1467—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0822—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using IR radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B29C65/1416—Near-infrared radiation [NIR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B29C65/1419—Mid-infrared radiation [MIR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1403—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation characterised by the type of electromagnetic or particle radiation
    • B29C65/1412—Infrared [IR] radiation
    • B29C65/1422—Far-infrared radiation [FIR]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
    • B29C65/1619—Mid infrared radiation [MIR], e.g. by CO or CO2 lasers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Members, eg. of plastics material, are heated prior to welding together using a focussed heat source which is made to trace a path corresponding to the joint on at least one of the members. The heat source is positioned upstream of a support adapted to support at least one of said members at a pre-determined distance from the source. The heat source is moved under the control of e.g. a microprocessor which is pro-programmed with information relating to the required joint. In preferred embodiments a plurality of members may be heated simultaneously using a either a plurality of corresponding heat sources, or alternatively, a single heat source may be split using electromagnetic or optical means such that the split beams can then be used to heat a plurality of joints. A filter may be included in the optical system to filter out all but infra-red radiation. <IMAGE>

Description

IMP#OVEMENTS RELATING TO WELDING TECHNIQUES The invention relates to an apparatus and a method for use in welding together a plurality of co-operating members and particularly, but not exclusively, for welding together members made of plastics material.
Traditionally, the welding together of thermoplastics members has involved the use of hot plate technology wherein a hot plate, sized and shaped to match the geometry of a joint to be welded, is heated to a predetermined temperature and then a member including the said joint is positioned about the hot plate for the purpose of melting the joint. The heated and moulten joint is then pressed against a suitably fashioned cooperating member. However, this technology has a number of substantial drawbacks, for example, such a hot plate has to be coated with a release material such as teflon in order to reduce the probability of moulten plastics material adhering to the hot plate. This not only increases the costs of the machinery but it also means that the teflon coating must periodically be replaced and therefore the machine is frequently inoperable.This in-operability reduces the efficiency of such a machine by 25%. Where teflon taping is used to coat a hot plate such taping must be changed daily, and where a teflon film is applied to such a hot plate such a film must be replaced weekly. Further, uneven replacement of such a film can result in the generation of black spots or cool spots where heating of a plastics material is less efficient thus the integrity of a subsequently welded joint is compromised.
In order to overcome the above disadvantages we developed a method known as non-contact hot plate welding where essentially the same sort of technology was used but we spaced the joint with respect to the hot plate so that non-contact heating of the joint occurred and so we were able to overcome the above disadvantages.
However, the use of this non-contact heating technology requires the manufacture of a particular hot plate each time a new joint is to be welded.
This is both costly and expensive. We have therefore developed a new apparatus and method for use in non-contact heat welding which does not require the manufacture of a pre-specified hot plate for the purpose of effecting the welding process. Rather, we have developed an apparatus and a method for heating the joint between a plurality of co-operating members by using at least a single beam of infra-red energy which beam is effectively made to trace the area of the joint for the purpose of heating same.
According to a first aspect of the invention there is therefore provided welding apparatus for use in welding together co-operating members having a joint region therebetween comprising: at least a single heat source adapted to emit a focused source of heat; a support for supporting at least a first one of said members at a pre-determined distance from said source characterized in that; the apparatus further includes a means for moving said heat source relative to said first member whereby said source is made to trace a path corresponding to the outline of said joint so as to heat the joint for the purpose of welding together said co-operating members.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the support is adapted to support a plurality of co-operating members and either, a plurality of relatively movable heat sources are provided to trace the outline of the joints on said co-operating members, or a means is provided to split the heat emanating from the heat source so that the subsequently generated split heat sources can be used to trace the outline of the joints on the said co-operating members.
Since in most instances the dimensions and mass of the heat source is likely to be less than those of the co-operating members, in an ideal embodiment, the heat source is movable and the members supported within the support are stationary. Thus, the heat source is propelled and steered using conventional mechanical technology. Preferably the heat source is moved under the control of a micro-processor, which microprocessor is programmed with information relating to the size, shape and configuration of the joint to be welded so as to accurately control movement of the heat source during the welding process.
In a yet preferred embodiment of the invention, the heat source is made movable relative to said co-operating members by the use of movable mirrors which are adapted to deflect the heat source in different directions as the angular position of the moving mirrors change with respect to the heat source and members.
According to a yet further embodiment of the invention the heat source may be made to move relative to the co-operating members by the use of conventional EM technology. Thus, the heating apparatus will be moved by locating it in a magnetized environment so as to move it in polarized fashion using conventional EM technology thus moving it in predetermined directions.
Preferably a filter is positioned between the heat source and said members for the purpose of filtering all but infra-red energy.
Preferably a collimator is positioned downstream of the heat source for the purpose of controlling the direction of travel of the heat source, which collimator includes a lens which is made either of silicon, germanium, zinc or zirconium selenide. These materials are preferred for use in the collimator because they transmit electromagnetic energy in a 1-10 micron range which range is effective at melting a wide range of plastics materials.
Preferably the heat source comprises a halogen, such as a tungsten halogen lamp which produces infra-red heat in the near and far frequency range (9OOnm - 20microns) is preferably positionable within a semicircular reflector, which reflector is preferably coated with gold. Gold is the preferred material for coating the reflector because it will not allow the transmission of long wavelengths of electromagnetic energy.
In other embodiments of the invention heat sources may include arc lamps such as xenon arc lamps or lasers which are advantageous in that they dispense with the need to provide reflectors. Arc lamps produce infra-red at 1.1 micron frequency and lasers, C02 lasers produce infra-red at a frequency of 10.6 microns. Thus each lamp is applicable to the invention.
Preferably the amount of heat emanating from the heat source will be determined by controlling the ampage or voltage supplied to the heat source. Thus, the welding temperature of the apparatus can be varied so as to accommodate the melt index of the members to be welded.
Preferably the means used to split the heat emanating from the heat source comprises an optical beam spliter such as a prism.
According to a further object of the invention there is provide a method of welding together co-operating members having a joint region therebetween comprising: positioning at least one of said members in a path of a heat source adapted to emit a focused source of heat; moving said source relative to said member so that the heat source is made to trace the outline of said joint on said member; joining together the co-operating members so as to provide a welded seal about said joint.
In a further embodiment of the invention the method further includes positioning a plurality of said members in the path of a plurality of said heat sources, prior to moving said sources relative to said members as described above.
Preferably the plurality of heat sources is generated by splitting the said heat source.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention the moving of the said source relative to the said member is achieved by deflecting said heat source using movable mirrors.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention movement of said source relative to said members is achieved by polarizing said source using convention EM techniques.
It will be appreciated that an apparatus and method in accordance with the invention has a multiplicity of applications since it can be used for the welding theretogether of any number of co-operating members made of heat melt material though it is expected that the apparatus and method will be predominantly used for the purpose of welding thermoplastics material.
It will also be appreciated that although the terms co-operating members have been used throughout the specification, the terms are used widely and apply to any members which are destined to be brought together and connected together using welding technology.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 represents a diagrammatic view of a first embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 represents a diagrammatic view of a second embodiment of the invention which comprises a means for splitting a heat source; Figure 3 represents a diagrammatic of a further embodiment of the invention which comprises an alternative means of moving a heat source relative to a member to be welded; and Figure 4 represents a yet further embodiment of the invention which comprises a means of moving a split heat source relative to a plurality of co-operating members.
Referring to Figure 1 there is shown a control means 1 which comprises an electrical supply connected to lamp 2 which supply 1 includes ampage and voltage control means for the purpose of varying the heating status of lamp 2. Further, control means 1 includes a micro-processor which, in use, is pre-programmed with information relating to members 8 and 9. For example, information concerning the size and shape of the joint regions provided on members 8 and 9 is stored within the micro-processor.
Further, information concerning how to move the heat source relative to said members for the purpose of effectively making the heat source trace the outline of said joints is also stored in the micro-processor. The way the heat source is moved relative to members 8 and 9 will be described in greater detail hereinafter.
Lamp 2 comprises a halogen light source 2a positioned within a semicircular or ellipsoidal reflector 2b. The inner most surface of reflector 2b is coated with a gold film for the purpose of reducing the loss of heat energy.
In the instance where an arc lamp or laser is use the heat is collected with a condensing lens. Thus the lens ensures that the heat from the lamp is focused, by altering the lens characteristics the heat can be focused at varying diameters and focal lengths. Ideally a telescoping lens arrangement is used to achieve this flexibility. The lens may be made of germanium or zinc selenide (for mid to far infra-red) or fused quarts or crown glass (for near to mid infra-red).
A filter 3 is positioned downstream of lamp 2, which filter 3 permits the transmission of infra-red energy but removes other wavelengths of energy.
A collimator 4, including a zirconium selenide lens system, is provided downstream of filter 3. Collimator 4 ensures that the beam of heat energy travels in a pre-determined direction towards members 8 and 9.
In a first form of the invention, the heat source emanating from collimator 4 is made to trace the outline of joint 9a provided on member 9 by moving the apparatus contained in box A relative to joint 9a. Although it will be understood that either the apparatus in box A or member 9 can be moved relative to each other, in a preferred embodiment the apparatus in box A is moved relative to stationary member 9 because, in some instances, member 9 may be sized and shaped such that movement of same is difficult and may present problems.
Moving the light beam around a target area can be achieved in many ways: i) Move the source and focusing lens in an X and Y direction, using a servo or stepper motor drive system at high speed, with the beam being focused in the Z plane by a motorized telescope arrangement, or fix the focal length and move the Z plane using a servo or stepper motor drive, each drive can then be controlled by a standard CNC machine tool control system, utilizing conversational or G code program editing languages to generate the beams melt path co-ordinates relative to the component, with the beams output power regulated by a potentiometer set manually or close loop with the machines speed control, trace scanning speeds would be high and be determined by drive specification.
ii) An alternative to linear drive systems would utilize motorized steering mirrors to guide the beams melt path, this method has the advantage of a greater trace scanning speed over the component, a disadvantage would be if protrusions form part of the component's design, they would shade the target area from melt if within the beams path, therefore a more complex mirror arrangement would be required. Control as in (i) would be used.
iii) If the melt path is circular the energy source would be held stationary and the component rotated.
Programs which control the beams melt path can be generated in many ways, such as: direct numerical control from CAD information; digitizing the component form with a touch probe system; or by manual input via CNC control terminal.
The heat source generated by the invention is extremely efficient and is capable of melting joint 9a within seconds as it travels along the surface of joint 9a. Once joint 9a has been thus melted, it can be pressed against a co-operating member for the purpose of adhering the two parts theretogether. However, it is preferred that member 9 and its co-operating member 8 are both heat welded about their respective joints 9a and 8a since this ensures that the joints are hermetically sealed.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, the apparatus is adapted for the purpose of heat welding a plurality of joints simultaneously. This further embodiment of the invention is shown in Figure 2. The same reference system has been used in Figure 2 as in Figure 1 to identify those features which have been described in the foregoing narrative.
In Figure 2, downstream of collimator 4, there is provided a prism 5 which is a beam splitting prism and therefore splits the heat source emanating from collimator 4 into two equi-characteristic heat sources indicated by arrows X and Y. Heat source X is made to impinge upon member 9 whereas heat source Y is made to impinge upon member 8. Movement of the apparatus indicated in box A relative to members 8 and 9 results in heat sources X and Y travelling along joints 9a and 8a respectively for the purpose of heat welding same. Once sources X and Y have travelled the entire length of joints 9a and 8a either the supply of heat is switched off and members 8 and 9 are pressed theretogether, or members 8 and 9 are moved to a position remote from heat sources X and Y and subsequently pressed theretogether. Because of the effectiveness of the welding method practised in the invention, only a small amount of pressure needs to be applied to members 8 and 9 in order to produce an effectively welded joint.
In a further embodiment of the invention movement of the heat source relative to members 8 and 9 is effected by the use of steering mirrors. This embodiment is illustrated in Figure 3 where, again, the same reference system is used as in Figures 1 and 2 to illustrate those features already described. Referring to Figure 3, it can be seen that heat source X emanating from collimator 4 is made to impinge upon a steering mirror 6.
Mirror 6 is capable of changing its angular position with respect to heat source X and member 9 so as to vary the angle that heat source X is deflected from mirror 6. Thus, by moving mirror 6 with respect to member 9 heat source X can be made to move along joint 9a. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, as illustrated in Figure 4, where a prism 5 is used to split the heat source into sources X and Y, two mirrors 6a and 6b are provided for the purpose of deflecting sources and X and Y respectively onto members 9 and 8 respectively. Thus, source X is deflected by mirror 6a to travel along the length of joint 9a and source Y is deflected by mirror 6b to travel along the length of joint 8a. In this manner, the heat sources are made to move relative to the respective joints for the purpose of melting joints 8a and 9a. Once this process has been completed joints 8a and 9a are pressed theretogether for the purpose of completing the welding process.
As mentioned, the apparatus in accordance with the invention is extremely efficient and the temperature at the focal point is in the order of 1500 degrees centigrade. Further, the source is capable of travelling at a rate of four metres per second and thus the speed at which a joint can be heat welded is extremely efficient.
In some applications, where joints are of a considerable size it may be necessary to provide more than one heat source so as to ensure that the joint has not cooled when the members are pressed together.
It will therefore be understood that an apparatus and method in accordance with the invention provides an improved way of non-contact heat welding a number of co-operating members theretogether.

Claims (19)

1. A welding apparatus for use in welding together co-operating members having a joint region therebetween comprising: at least a single heat source adapted to emit a focused source of heat; a support for supporting at least a first one of said members at a pre-determined distance from said source characterized in that; the apparatus further includes a means for moving said heat source relative to said first member whereby said source is made to trace a path corresponding to the outline of said joint so as to heat the joint for the purpose of welding together said co-operating members.
2. A welding apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein the support is adapted to support a plurality of co-operating members.
3. A welding apparatus according to Claim 2 wherein there is provided a plurality of relatively movable heat sources, each source being adapted to trace a path corresponding to the outline of joints on said members.
4. A welding apparatus according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein a means is provided to split the heat emanating from the said heat source so as to generate a plurality of split heat sources adapted to trace the outline of the joints on the said co-operating members.
5. A welding apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein said moving means comprises a means for moving the heat source whilst the support and co-operating member is held stationary.
6. A welding apparatus according to Claim 5 wherein said movable means is under the control of a micro-processor which micro-processor is programmed with information relating to the size, shape and configuration of the joint to be welded so as to accurately control movement of the heat source during the welding process.
7. A welding apparatus according to Claim 6 wherein said microprocessor can be re-programmed to trace the outline of any predetermined joint.
8. A welding apparatus according to Claim 5, Claim 6 or Claim 7 wherein the means for moving the heat source comprises at least one movable deflector or reflector means which is adapted to deflect or reflect the heat source in a pre-determined direction as the angular position of the deflector or reflector means changes with respect to the heat source.
9. A welding apparatus according to Claim 5, Claim 6 or Claim 7 wherein the movable means comprises an electromagnetic member adapted to deflect the heat source in a polarized fashion so as to control the direction of same.
10. A welding apparatus according to any preceding Claim wherein a filter is positioned between the heat source and said first member for the purpose of filtering all but infra-red energy.
11. A welding apparatus according to any preceding Claim wherein a collimator is positioned downstream of the heat source for the purpose of controlling the direction of travel of the heat source.
12. A welding apparatus according to Claim 11 wherein the collimator includes a lens which is made of either silicon, germanium, zinc or zirconium selenide.
13. A welding apparatus according to any preceding Claim wherein the heat source comprises a halogen lamp.
14. A welding apparatus according to Claim 13 wherein the halogen lamp is positioned within a semi-circular reflector.
15. A welding apparatus according to Claim 14 wherein the reflector is coated with gold.
16. A heat source according to Claims 1 to 12 wherein the heat source comprises a xenon arc lamp.
17. A welding apparatus according to any preceding Claim wherein control means is provided for controlling the amount of heat emanating from the heat source so as to vary the welding temperature of the apparatus.
18. A welding apparatus according to Claim 4 wherein the means used to split the heat source comprises a prism.
19. A method of welding together co-operating three dimensional structures having a three dimensional joint region therebetween comprising: positioning at least one of said members in a path of a heat source adapted to emit a focused source of heat; pre-programming a control means with information relating to the size, shape and configuration of at least one pre-selected joint to be welded; moving said source relative to said member under instructions from said control means so that the heat source is made to trace a path corresponding to the three dimensional outline of said joint on said member; and joining together the co-operating members so as to provide a welded three dimensional seal about said joint.
19. A method of welding together co-operating members having a joint region therebetween comprising: positioning at least one of said members in a path of a heat source adapted to emit a focused source of heat; moving said source relative to said member so that the heat source is made to trace the outline of said joint on said member; and joining together the co-operating members so as to provide a welded seal about said joint.
Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows 1. A welding apparatus for use in welding together co-operating three dimensional structures having a three dimensional joint region therebetween comprising: at least a single heat source adapted to emit a focused source of heat; a support for supporting at least a first one of said members at a pre-determined distance from said source characterized in that;; the apparatus further includes a control means which is pre programmed with information relating to the size, shape and configuration of at least one pre-selected joint to be welded and a means for moving said heat source relative to said first member under instructions from said control means whereby said source is made to trace a path corresponding to the three dimensional outline of said joint so as to heat the joint for the purpose of welding together said co-operating members.
2. A welding apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein the support is adapted to support a plurality of co-operating members.
3. A welding apparatus according to Claim 2 wherein there is provided a plurality of relatively movable heat sources, each source being adapted to trace a path corresponding to the outline of joints on said members.
4. A welding apparatus according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 wherein a means is provided to split the heat emanating from the said heat source so as to generate a plurality of split heat sources adapted to trace the outline of the joints on the said co-operating members.
5. A welding apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein said moving means comprises a means for moving the heat source whilst the support and co-operating member is held stationary.
6. A welding apparatus according to Claim 5 wherein said control means is a micro-processor.
7. A welding apparatus according to Claim 6 wherein said microprocessor can be re-programmed to trace the outline of any predetermined joint.
8. A welding apparatus according to Claim 5, Claim 6 or Claim 7 wherein the means for moving the heat source comprises at least one movable deflector or reflector means which is adapted to deflect or reflect the heat source in a pre-determined direction as the angular position of the deflector or reflector means changes with respect to the heat source.
9. A welding apparatus according to Claim 5, Claim 6 or Claim 7 wherein the movable means comprises an electromagnetic member adapted to deflect the heat source in a polarized fashion so as to control the direction of same.
10. A welding apparatus according to any preceding Claim wherein a filter is positioned between the heat source and said first member for the purpose of filtering all but infra-red energy.
11. A welding apparatus according to any preceding Claim wherein a collimator is positioned downstream of the heat source for the purpose of controlling the direction of travel of the heat source.
12. A welding apparatus according to Claim 11 wherein the collimator includes a lens which is made of either silicon, germanium, zinc or zirconium selenide.
13. A welding apparatus according to any preceding Claim wherein the heat source comprises a halogen lamp.
14. A welding apparatus according to Claim 13 wherein the halogen lamp is positioned within a semi-circular reflector.
15. A welding apparatus according to Claim 14 wherein the reflector is coated with gold.
16. A heat source according to Claims 1 to 12 wherein the heat source comprises a xenon arc lamp.
17. A welding apparatus according to any preceding Claim wherein control means is provided for controlling the amount of heat emanating from the heat source so as to vary the welding temperature of the apparatus.
18. A welding apparatus according to Claim 4 wherein the means used to split the heat source comprises a prism.
GB9319379A 1992-10-08 1993-09-20 Welding using radiant heat Withdrawn GB2271312A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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GB929221175A GB9221175D0 (en) 1992-10-08 1992-10-08 Improvements relating to welding techniques
GB939303090A GB9303090D0 (en) 1992-10-08 1993-02-16 Improvements relating to welding techniques
GB9319379A GB2271312A (en) 1992-10-08 1993-09-20 Welding using radiant heat

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GB2271312A true GB2271312A (en) 1994-04-13

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Cited By (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2278571A (en) * 1993-05-28 1994-12-07 F E Limited Joining members using heat from a light source
WO1995026869A1 (en) * 1994-03-31 1995-10-12 Marquardt Gmbh Plastic workpiece and process for producing it
EP0890865A2 (en) * 1997-07-09 1999-01-13 Emerson Electric Co. Welding method and apparatus using infrared radiation

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GB1399785A (en) * 1972-07-26 1975-07-02 Int Standard Electric Corp Electric cables
GB1441067A (en) * 1974-04-16 1976-06-30 Ici Ltd Seaming process
US4156626A (en) * 1977-07-18 1979-05-29 Souder James J Method and apparatus for selectively heating discrete areas of surfaces with radiant energy
EP0147833A2 (en) * 1983-12-23 1985-07-10 International Paper Company Method and apparatus to seal coated paperboard materials
EP0237192A2 (en) * 1986-02-20 1987-09-16 Elopak A/S A method and a device for welding together plastic or plastic covered surfaces

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1399785A (en) * 1972-07-26 1975-07-02 Int Standard Electric Corp Electric cables
GB1441067A (en) * 1974-04-16 1976-06-30 Ici Ltd Seaming process
US4156626A (en) * 1977-07-18 1979-05-29 Souder James J Method and apparatus for selectively heating discrete areas of surfaces with radiant energy
EP0147833A2 (en) * 1983-12-23 1985-07-10 International Paper Company Method and apparatus to seal coated paperboard materials
EP0237192A2 (en) * 1986-02-20 1987-09-16 Elopak A/S A method and a device for welding together plastic or plastic covered surfaces

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2278571A (en) * 1993-05-28 1994-12-07 F E Limited Joining members using heat from a light source
WO1995026869A1 (en) * 1994-03-31 1995-10-12 Marquardt Gmbh Plastic workpiece and process for producing it
US5893959A (en) * 1994-03-31 1999-04-13 Marquardt Gmbh Workpiece of plastic and production process for such a workpiece
EP0890865A2 (en) * 1997-07-09 1999-01-13 Emerson Electric Co. Welding method and apparatus using infrared radiation
EP0890865A3 (en) * 1997-07-09 1999-03-10 Emerson Electric Co. Welding method and apparatus using infrared radiation

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