GB2263895A - Moving a structure relative to the ground. - Google Patents
Moving a structure relative to the ground. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2263895A GB2263895A GB9202639A GB9202639A GB2263895A GB 2263895 A GB2263895 A GB 2263895A GB 9202639 A GB9202639 A GB 9202639A GB 9202639 A GB9202639 A GB 9202639A GB 2263895 A GB2263895 A GB 2263895A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- elongate members
- ground
- members
- lower surfaces
- elongate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F1/00—Devices, e.g. jacks, for lifting loads in predetermined steps
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
- E01D21/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges
- E01D21/06—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for erecting or assembling bridges by translational movement of the bridge or bridge sections
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
- E04G23/06—Separating, lifting, removing of buildings; Making a new sub-structure
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/005—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by forcing prefabricated elements through the ground, e.g. by pushing lining from an access pit
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
A method of moving a structure 2 relative to the ground, at least a portion of the structure having substantially planar upper and lower surfaces 2a and 2b, wherein a series 7a of endless flexible elongate members 8 is mounted on the structure 1. The elongate members 8 are movable relative to, and around, the structure 1 in the direction in which they extend. The method comprises engaging ferrules 10 on the said elongate members 8 and using jacks 12 to urge a portion of each of them that extends along the said upper surface 2a away from a fixed point 11 on that upper surface so as to move the elongate members around the structure, while a portion of each of the elongate members between the said lower surface 2b of the structure and the ground is maintained stationary with respect to the ground, so that the structure is moved relative to the ground. Pref. the ferrules are urged using openable gates 15 on cross beams 13. Prof. sleepers 9 are laid on the ground. <IMAGE>
Description
"Improvements in and relating to moving a structure relative to the ground"
The invention relates to moving a structure relative to the ground.
The invention provides a method of moving a structure relative to the ground, at least a portion of the structure having substantially planar upper and lower surfaces, with the lower surface resting on the ground, wherein a series of endless flexible elongate members is so mounted on the structure that each of the elongate members extends around the structure along the said upper surface and along the said lower surface between that surface and the ground, and the elongate members are movable relative to, and around, the structure in the direction in which they extend, each of the elongate members being arranged adjacent, and substantially parallel, to one another, and the method comprises engaging the said elongate members and urging a portion of each of them that extends along the said upper surface of the structure away from a fixed point on that upper surface so as to move the elongate members around the structure, while a portion of each of the elongate members between the said lower surface of the structure and the ground is maintained stationary with respect to the ground, so that the structure is moved relative to the ground.
The structure may be a flat slab-like structure, for example, a bridge deck, and in that case the said upper and lower surfaces are the upper and lower surfaces of the slab or deck. The structure may, however, be a tubular member or a member that is U-shaped in cross-section, as, for example, can be used in the construction of underpasses, culverts or other forms of passageway through the ground, and in that case the said upper and lower surfaces of the structure are the upper and lower surfaces of the base or floor of the structure. The method of the invention can be used to move such structures having weights of up to approximately 3,000 tons, or greater.
Advantageously, at least two series of elongate members are arranged around the structure, one extending on each side of, and parallel to, the centre lines of the said upper and lower surfaces and separated from the centre lines by equal distances. With such an arrangement it is possible to steer the structure as it is moved, by moving the elongate members of one series to a greater extent than those of the other.
The elongate members of the or each series are advantageously urged away from a fixed point on the upper surface of the structure by means of one or more hydraulic jacks. One or more further hydraulic jacks may be provided to urge the elongate members in the opposite direction in order to effect reverse movement of the structure.
The elongate members are advantageously engaged by providing each of the members at intervals along its length with projecting members, and providing gate means through which each of the elongate members can pass as it moves around the structure but which does not allow the projecting members to pass through, the gate means being movable relative to the structure. The means for urging the elongate members may be arranged to act directly on the gate means or a cross-beam may be placed between the urging means and the gate means. Thus, when the projecting members bear against the gate means and the gate means is urged to move away from the said fixed point on the upper surface of the structure the elongate members are engaged and caused to move around the structure. Advantageously, the gate means can be opened to allow the projecting members to pass through.The said projecting members are advantageously ferrules, which may be made of aluminium, steel or copper, which are secured to the elongate members.
The elongate members are advantageously made from lengths of flexible elongate material, preferably of round cross-section and advantageously steel ropes, the end portions of each length being secured together to form a loop.
Advantageously, bearing plates are provided on the lower surface of the structure, for example, steel plates, against which the elongate members bear. Lubricant may be applied to the bearing plates and/or to the elongate members in order to increase slip between the members and the plates.
Depending on the surface of the ground over which the structure is to be moved, it may be advantageous to insert spreader means between the elongate members and the ground, so that the structure is held clear of the ground. Such spreader means may be made from timber, and may be, for example, sleepers, or may be made of steel.
Rollers are advantageously provided to carry the elongate members between the said upper and lower surfaces of the structure.
Any excavation of the site to which the structure is to be moved will generally have taken place before movement of the structure begins, but, advantageously, a cutter blade is provided at the leading edge of the structure, the cutter blade preferably being adjustable in height relative to the structure, in order to trim the level of the ground as the structure is moved into the required position.
A method of moving a structure in accordance with the invention will now be described by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a portion of a structure to be moved in accordance with the method of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a section taken along the line A-A shown in
Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a plan view of a portion of the structure of Fig. 1, on a larger scale than Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is a section taken along the line B-B shown in
Fig 3, and
Fig. 5 is a section taken along the line C-C shown in
Fig. 3.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, a structure, indicated generally by the reference numeral 1, made of reinforced concrete, is to be moved in a direction indicated by the arrow F. The structure 1 comprises a flat base 2 having upper and lower surfaces 2a and 2b, respectively, vertically-extending side walls 3, and a flat roof member (not shown) joining the side walls 3 at their upper edges. The base 2 is provided at its leading edge 2c and at its rear edge 2d with rollers 4 and 5, respectively, which are arranged to rotate freely in concave nests formed in the edges of the base. A cutter blade 6 is secured to the leading edge 2c of the base 2 and is adjustable in height relative to the structure 1.
Two series 7a and 7b, respectively, of endless flexible elongate members 8 made from lengths of steel ropes, the ends of which are secured together to form loops, are arranged around the base member 2 of the structure 1. To do that, the base 2 is raised by a small distance using vertically-extending lifting jacks (not shown) at each side. The lengths of steel rope are threaded through the gap between the structure 1 and ground
G, and the ends of the rope lengths secured together to form loops as mentioned above. Spreaders 9, which may be in the form of sleepers, are placed under the structure 1 between the elongate members 8 and the ground G in order to hold the structure clear of the ground when the lifting jacks are removed and the structure lowered. The elongate members 8 of each series extend adjacent, and substantially parallel, to one another. The two series 7a and 7b are equally spaced from the central line C of the upper surface 2a of the base. As the two series 7a and 7b are identical, only the series 7a will be described in detail. Two further series 7c and 7d (shown in broken lines in Fig. 1) of elongate members 8, also identical to the series 7a, may be provided if required.
As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the elongate members 8 of the series 7a are mounted on the base 2 of the structure 1 so that each of them extends along the upper surface 2a in the direction of the arrow F, around the roller 2c at the leading edge of the base 2, along the lower surface 2b of the base and around the roller 2d at the rear edge of the base. The elongate members 8 are movable elative to, and around, the base 2 in the direction in which they extend.
Steel plates (not shown) are embedded in the lower surface 2b of the base 2 when it is formed, and the elongate members 8 bear against those plates as they are moved around the base 2. Lubricant may be applied to both the steel plates and the elongate members 8 in order to improve slip between them. At equal intervals along each elongate member 8, ferrules 10 are secured (see Figures 3 and 5), the ferrules first being threaded on to the lengths of steel rope before they are formed into loops and the ferrules then being pressed onto the members at the desired positions. The intervals between adjacent ferrules 10 may be within the range of from 1 to 2m.
Four pins 11, made from I-section steel bars, are set into the base 2 during its formation, and project vertically upwards from the upper surface 2a, two of the pins being on each side of the series 7a of elongate members 8. Two hydraulic jacks 12a and 12b, respectively, on each side of the series 7a are arranged to act between the pins 11 and cross-beams, indicated generally by the reference numerals 13a and 13b, respectively. Both the jacks 12a and 12b and the cross-beams 13a and 13b are supported on guides 14 (see Fig. 4), the cross-beams being free to move along the guides 14 when acted upon by the jacks. Each of the cross-beams 13a and 13b, which are also made of steel, have a central channel 13c (see Fig. 5) through which the elongate members 8 and their ferrules 10 can pass freely.Secured to each of the cross-beams 13a and 13b is a gate 15a and 15b, respectively, which comprises an upper section 15c and a lower section 15d which together define a series of apertures 15e of a size sufficient to allow the elongate members 8 to pass through freely but which does not allow the ferrules 10 to pass through. The upper section 15c of the gates 15a and 15b can be pivoted away from the lower section 15d to open the gates and allow the ferrules 10 to pass when required. A further hydraulic jack 16 may be arranged on each side of the series 7a to act, in the opposite direction to the jacks 12a and 12b, but in a similar manner, between the pins 11 and a further cross-beam 17 and gate 18 (similar to the cross-beams 13 and gates 15) which are provided if required.
To move the structure 1 in the direction of the arrow
F, initially, one of the ferrules 10 of each of the elongate members 8 of both series 7a and 7b abuts the gates 5a. The jacks 12a are expanded and move the cross-beams 13a in the direction of the arrow F along the guide 14.
The cross-beams 13a carry with them the gates 15a and, because the ferrules 10 cannot pass through the gates 15a, the portions of the elongate members 8 extending along the upper surface 2a of the base 2 adjacent to the ferrules 10 engaged by the gates are also moved in the direction of the arrow F relative to the base 2. Because the portions of the elongate members 8 extending along the lower surface 2b of the base 2 are maintained stationary with respect to the ground, the structure 1 is moved forward in the direction of the arrow F relative to the ground by a short distance.
The stroke of the jacks 12a is sufficient to move the elongate members 8 relative to the structure 1 by a distance such that adjacent ferrules 10 now abut the gates 15b, the ferrules 10 being spaced from each other by intervals such that that occurs. The moving step described above is repeated using the jacks 12b so that the structure 1 is moved forward by a further short distance. Meanwhile, the jacks 12a are retracted to their original positions.
After being moved forward by the jacks 12b the elongate members 8 are now so positioned that further ferrules 10 abut the gates 15a and the operation can be repeated, the gates 15a and 15b being opened to allow the ferrules 10 to pass through when required. In that manner, the structure 1 can be moved forwards by the required distance.
As the structure 1 is moved forward, further spreaders 9 can be placed underneath it. The cutter blade 6 can be used to trim the level of the ground to the required level in front of the structure 1 as it is moved forwards.
By operating only one of the sets 7a, 7b of elongate members 8, the structure 1 can be steered as it is moved forwards. The jacks 16 can be used together with the cross-beams 17 and gates 18 to move the structure 1 in the reverse direction in a similar manner, if required.
Claims (18)
1. A method of moving a structure relative to the ground, at least a portion of the structure having substantially planar upper and lower surfaces, with the lower surface resting on the ground, wherein a series of endless flexible elongate members is so mounted on the structure that each of the elongate members extends around the structure along the said upper surface and along the said lower surface between that surface and the ground, and the elongate members are movable relative to, and around, the structure in the direction in which they extend, each of the elongate members being arranged adjacent, and substantially parallel, to one another, and the method comprises engaging the said elongate members and urging a portion of each of them that extends along the said upper surface of the structure away from a fixed point on that upper surface so as to move the elongate members around the structure, while a portion of each of the elongate members between the said lower surface of the structure and the ground is maintained stationary with respect to the ground, so that the structure is moved relative to the ground
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structure is a flat slab-like structure, and the said upper and lower surfaces are the upper and lower surfaces of the slab.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structure is a tubular member or a member that is U-shaped in cross-section, and the said upper and lower surfaces of the structure are the upper and lower surfaces of the base or floor of the structure.
4. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein at least two series of elongate members are arranged around the structure, one extending on each side of, and parallel to, the centre lines of the said upper and lower surfaces and separated from the centre lines by equal distances.
5. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the elongate members of the or each series are urged away from a fixed point on the upper surface of the structure by means of one or more hydraulic jacks.
6. A method as claimed in claim 5, wherein one or more further hydraulic jacks are provided to urge the elongate members in the opposite direction in order to effect reverse movement of the structure.
7. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the elongate members are engaged by providing each of the members at intervals along its length with projecting members, and providing gate means through which each of the elongate members can pass as it moves around the structure but which does not allow the projecting members to pass through, the gate means being movable relative to the structure.
8. A method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the means for urging the elongate members may be arranged to act directly on the gate means or a cross-beam may be placed between the urging means and the gate means.
9. A method as claimed in claim 7 or claim 8, wherein the gate means can be opened to allow the projecting members to pass through.
10. A method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the said projecting members are ferrules, which are preferably made of aluminium, steel or copper, and which are secured to the elongate members
11. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the elongate members are of round cross-section, and are preferably steel ropes.
12. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the elongate members are made from lengths of flexible elongate material, the end portions of each length being secured together to form a loop.
13. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein bearing plates are provided on the lower surface of the structure against which the elongate members bear.
14. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein lubricant is applied to the bearing plates and/or to the elongate members in order to increase slip between the members and the plates.
15. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein spreader means (preferably, sleepers) is inserted between the elongate members and the ground.
16. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein rollers are provided to carry the elongate members between the said upper and lower surfaces of the structure.
17. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein a cutter blade is provided at the leading edge of the structure, the cutter blade preferably being adjustable in height relative to the structure.
18. A method substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9202639A GB2263895B (en) | 1992-02-07 | 1992-02-07 | Improvements in and relating to moving a structure relative to the ground |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9202639A GB2263895B (en) | 1992-02-07 | 1992-02-07 | Improvements in and relating to moving a structure relative to the ground |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9202639D0 GB9202639D0 (en) | 1992-03-25 |
| GB2263895A true GB2263895A (en) | 1993-08-11 |
| GB2263895B GB2263895B (en) | 1995-06-28 |
Family
ID=10710010
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9202639A Expired - Fee Related GB2263895B (en) | 1992-02-07 | 1992-02-07 | Improvements in and relating to moving a structure relative to the ground |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2263895B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6189087B1 (en) | 1993-10-29 | 2001-02-13 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Superscalar instruction decoder including an instruction queue |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1017472A (en) * | 1963-09-06 | 1966-01-19 | Dunlop Rubber Co | Improvements in or relating to load or vehicle supporting devices |
-
1992
- 1992-02-07 GB GB9202639A patent/GB2263895B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1017472A (en) * | 1963-09-06 | 1966-01-19 | Dunlop Rubber Co | Improvements in or relating to load or vehicle supporting devices |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6189087B1 (en) | 1993-10-29 | 2001-02-13 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Superscalar instruction decoder including an instruction queue |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2263895B (en) | 1995-06-28 |
| GB9202639D0 (en) | 1992-03-25 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 732E | Amendments to the register in respect of changes of name or changes affecting rights (sect. 32/1977) | ||
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20090207 |