GB2262583A

GB2262583A - Shock absorbing device

Info

Publication number: GB2262583A
Application number: GB9127591A
Authority: GB
Inventors: Jordan Valchev Georgiev
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1991-12-18
Filing date: 1991-12-18
Publication date: 1993-06-23
Also published as: GB9127591D0

Abstract

A shock absorbing device which allows reduction of the vehicle weight by at least by half, includes a tubular housing (TH) and within it a shock dampening subassembly (SDS) is elastically axially movably secured, through a preliminarily extended tension coil spring 6. The subassembly is initially locked to said housing by a locking ring 8 in order to preserve said preliminary extension. The subassembly (SDS) includes a plurality of telescopic sections (UTS, ITS, LTS) resiliently supported by plurality of compression coil springs 1,2 interposed between them. When the shock forces tending to compress said sections reach their predetermined unlocking level, then rather than bottoming, said locking ring 8 is opened, allowing to said sub assembly to extend axially upward, opposed by said tension spring 6. This upward extension prevents the shocks to the vehicle frame which would otherwise occur when a conventional shock absorber "bottoms out," because of its limited absorbing height. <IMAGE>

Description

A METHOD AND SHOCK AlSSORnING DEVICE ALI ()WlNr( REDUCING THE VEHICLE WEIGHT The present application is the first one I have filed in UK. since the forth one I have filed in USA, for the same my invention. The first application 1 have fined in USA on November 10, 1986 under US Serial Number ()6/926,446, and the Patent Office abandoned it officially for missing to rcspond in time to the Patent Office Official Action. The second Application I have filed on June 04, 1990, under US Serial Number 07/578,821, and the patent Office abandoned it officially for missing of affidavit.The third application I have filed on Nlay ()1. 1991 under US Serial Number 07/694,297, and the Patent Offlce abandoned it for missing ol oath.

The present invention relates generally to a shock dampening means, and more particularly to shock absorbing device, for using with vehicles.

An acknowledged fact is that the weight of the presently used vehicles is too great, exiting their maximum payload generally more than twicc. A studies Ibr the rea- sons for that, definitely show the significant frame's relative strength over designation as the main one, necessary however for prevention of the framc's residual deformations. Typical especially for the present cars, is that the entire body has the function of the frame.Those studies also definitely prove that said deformations are caused by the bumps encountered in rough driving conditions, since the bottoming of the conventional shock absorbers, because of their absorbing height limitation, and the poor absorbing work of the rubber bumpcrs incorporated for final absorbing of the bigger shocks.

Most shock absorbers in use today include two telescopic sections, one received within the other. Typical for them is that one compression coil spring is inter- posed between said sections, for their resilient biasing, and for absorbing the shocks tending to compress them. However, in few patents two springs are used, disposed between said sections consecutively in end to end fashion. Most of those shock absorbers also include a fluid damper, composed by a cylinder, a piston, and valve arrangement through which fluid flows to dampen vibrations.One serious drawback inherent in the existing shock absorbers however, is that for all of them there is a limit to the amount of compression which the shock absorber can undergo before it "bottoms out". To soften this, most shock absorbers include a resilient rubber bumper, however whose absorbing effect according to the practice is very poor. Nevertheless, when the shock absorber "bottoms out", the energy of the occurred bumps is transferred to the frame of the vehicle.

Since time such repeated -blows having strong vehicle's frame bending tendency, can lead to residual deformations in the vehicle's frame. To be avoided said deformations, the relative strength of the frame of the vehicle necessarily is over designed, so as to withstand forces as much as five times the vehicle's weight, in stationary condition. This however increases the vehicle weight, and by a corresponding amount, the size of the enginc, and its gasoline consumption. Typical is that the relative frame strength over designation and its negative effects are accepted so firmly unavoidable, that practically are ignorcd as a field for any improvement.

The present invention was developed to provide lets call it "bottomless" shock absorber, capable of absorbing the shocks encountered even in the most severe driving conditions, and still enabling reducing at least by half the necessary vehicle's frame relative strength over designation, which for the cars mean reducing of the thickness of the steel sheet metal by which is made their bodies, or replacing it by aluminum sheet metal or plastics, sine the entire body has the function of the frame. Said reducing is accomplished by means of a novel arrangement of telescopic sections and springs. More particularly, the shock absorber includes a tubular housing secured to the frame of the vehicle, and within it a shock absorbing sub assembly is disposed axially movable.Said sub assembly also is secured there elastically through one or more inter coiled tension coil springs, which however are preliminarily extended. Further more that subassembly normally is locked to that housing by a split locking ring, through shallow and deeper annular grooves, and also is unlocked from said housing, by the excess energy of the shocks having reached greater height and strength than their preliminarily fixed unlocking level. The sub assembly basically includes lower and upper telescopic sections, however for increasing the shock absorber's absorbing height, one or more intermediate telescopic sections can be interposed between said basic sections.For absorbing of the last energy of the strongest shocks, instead of bottoming over rubber, as it is by most conventional shock absorbers, said subassembly being unlocked, through its upper section extends resiliently axially generally upward into the housing, and so prevents any bump. Said lower section extends generally downward from said upper section, after each compression, mean after overcoming of each obstacle causing said compression. The lower section is secured to the wheel's suspension system, and in respect to the upper section is based resiliently between its fully expanded and compressed positions by one or more inter coiled compression coil springs. However, in a subassembly comprising additio-nally one or more intermediate telescopic sections1 mean a plurality of telescopic sections, between each neighboring sections also are included said compressing coil springs.The subassembly also is provided with a fluid damper, having re spective plurality of telescopic elements, equal in number to the number of ;1I1 rclcscopic Sections. Said damper also has separate disposed fluid reservoir, formed in said upper telescopic section. As it was mentioned, the entire subassembly through its upper section is locked to the housing by a resilient split locking ring in order to preserve said extension in advance of said one or more inter coiled tension coil springs. That preserving is intended to be preserved the spring returning force obtained through said preliminary extension, and also to limit the downward movement of the subassembly with respect to the housing.So obtained and preserved said spring returning force is needed to return back down said sub assembly after each of its absorbing generally upward extension. In particular, the split locking ring tightens itself preferably around the upper section of the subassembly, seated by own strength within a shallow annular groove, formed circumferential preferably in said section. The outer circumference of the locking ring extends into a deeper annular groove, formed preferably on the inner surface of said tubular housing.The shallow an annular groove has a pushing surface which acts against the respective contacting surface of the locking ring, and tends preferably to open it, being urged by the strength of the shocks having reached greater power than their predetermined opening magnitude, mean greater than their fixed unlocking strength level. This mean that when the force of each shock is greater than is needed for the compression of all compression coil springs, plus the energy needed for overcoming the opening resistance of the locking ring and its friction within the deeper groove, the exceeding energy of that shock through said pushing surface pushes the locking ring out of said shallow annular groove, mean pushing it into said deeper annular groove, and so opens it, and releases the subassembly for its absorbing axial upward extension within the housing. Said extension is as high as the excess energy of the respective shock is, to its full absorption, without any bumping. This upward movement is opposed by said extension in advance of said one or more tension coil springs. Each one of said springs has its generally upper end secured to said upper telescopic section, and the opposite its end secured to the lower end of the housing. After overcoming of the obstacle caused said sub assembly's extension, said spring returning force, brings back down said sub assembly for locking. The described variant is better then the other possible, with which I began, whose shallow groove was formed in the housing, because in the described variant the locking ring is not traveling during the sub assembly's extensions.

From the foregoing, it is apparent that the primary object of the present invention is to provide a shock absorber which will not "bottom out" and therefore will reduce the over designation of the frame relative strength, regarding the resid ual deformations, so that makes possible reducing the vchicle's weight, and the gas consumption, according to my experiments at least by half.

Another object is to provide a shock absorber which by great reducing the bumps and jolts, will make the driving significantly more comfortable.

Another object is to provide a shock absorber allowing to the vehicle to pass even through areas without roads, having most severe driving conditions.

Another object is to provide a shock absorber which utilizes space efficiently, by consecutive coaxial concentrically disposed coil springs, through partial overlapping of the smaller springs by the respective bigger once in fully expanded position, and total overlapping in fully compressed position.

Another object of this invention is to provide a multistage fluid damper.

Another object is to provide a shock absorber characterized by a durable construction capable of absorbing shocks encountered under the most severe driving conditions.

Other object is to provide about three times less acceleration's gas consumption.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent after a study of the following description and the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a section view of A embodiment, having in its sub assembly only the basic lower and upper telescopic sections; Fig. 2 is a section view of B embodiment, having in its sub assembly one intermediate telescopic section between its basic lower and upper telescopic sections; Fig. 3 is a section view of C embodiment, having in its subassembly two intermediate telescopic sections between its basic lower atid upper telescopic sections; Fig. 4 is an elevation view of C embodiment within the wheel's suspension; Fig. 5 is an elevation view of B embodiment, within the vehicle suspension; Fig. 6 is a partial section view of B embodiment fully loaded; Fig. 7 is a partial section view of C embodiment fully loaded;; Fig. 8 is an elevation view of B embodiment fully compressed; Fig. 9 is a dctail showing the construction of the pipc-piston and the plugging washer in its open (OP) and plugging (PP) positions; Fig. 10, a perspective view showing: on the bottom is the housing; over it, the locking ring; a tension coil spring; the extension member; and the groove member; Fig. 11 is a section view of C embodiment in moment of unlocking.All compressing coil springs are respective compressed, and the locking ring is opened; Fig. 12 is a section view of C embodiment showing the fully compressed subassembly, and extended upwardly even to the top of the housing; Fig. 13 is a section view of C embodiment, with subassembly =fully compressed- and subassembly overextended over the housing; Fig. 14 is a cut-away showing intermediate telescopic section composcd of a spring container; a compressing coil spring; and a damper cylinder-piston; Fig. 15 is a perspective view of the spring containers of two intermediate tcle- scopic sections, and over them is the compression member; Fig. 16 is a perspective view showing the telescopic elements of the damper.

Fig. 17 is a graph illustrating the load on the springs as shown in Figure 7; Fig, 18 is a graph illustrating the load of the springs as shown in Figure 11.

The weight of the used car(Moscvich) for experiments having replaced shock absorbers by B embodiment was 1080 kilos, plus the maximum load of 500 kilos, its to- tal warranted weight should be not more than 1600 kilos. Because the relative frame's strength of the made already car can not be reduced, regarding to Ihc main effect of the present invention, the reducing of the relative frame's strength over designation was achieved to the opposite way, namely through increasing ot the car's weigh to 3200, 3600, and 4000 kilos, through over loading it iili sand bags.

Referring now to Figs 1; 2; and 3; wherein respective the first A; second B; a rt aid third C embodiments are shown. The shock absorber includes a tubular housing (TH), which basically is a peace of pipe with its upper and lower cnds open.

and on its outside surface has two diametrically opposed supporting pivots 3 1 for securing the shock absorber to the frame of the vehicle. Housing TH includes on the same its outside circumference integrally formed an annular ring 36, inside of which, and on the inside housing's circumferential surface prcicrabln u deeper annular groove 7 is formed, wherein a resilient split locking r i n g 8 is movable interposed. For facilitation the dismantling of said ring, slots 35 are formed, intersecting said ring 36 and said groove 7. At the bottom of housing T H there are two diametrically opposed spring hangers 43, preferably integrally formed with the inner surface of housing T H.

A Shock Dampening Sub assembly (SDS) is axially movable interposed within housing TH, wherein also is elastically secured to that housing, through a preliminary extended tension coil springs 6 and 6a, and releasable locked, through said ring 8, shallow annular groove 9, and said groove 7.

Said sub assembly SDS is composed basically of a lower and upper telescopic sections, and also including a fluid damper. However, for increasing of the total absorbing height between said basic sections can be interposed one or more intermediate telescopic sections, as it is for B respective C embodiments, shown in figures 2 and 3. Typical for said increasing is that it is with insignificant increasing of the length of the shock absorber in its fully compressed position, because the bigger section overlap the smaller entirely.

Said Upper Telescopic Section (UTS) is comprised of an extension member 15, a groove member 14, and a pipe-piston 25, moving together as a single part. Extension member 15 includes an upper portion 41 having an external thread 32. Within said portion a fluid reservoir 28 is formed, to contain the damper's fluid, especially during compressions. In the top wall 28a of said reservoir a threaded opening 80 is formed co-axial, to allow the addition of dampening fluid. A threaded cap 30 and gasket 29 seal opening 80. From the reservoir's bottom 28b a threaded collar 81 extends co-axial downward, and on it said damper's pipe-piston 25 is screwed.Throughout said collar an orifice 28c is passing also co-axial, through which the dampening fluid flows between said reservoir and the telescopic elements of the fluid damper, during respective compression or extension of sub assembly S D S. From the upper portion 41, a cylindrical wall 38 extends downward, open at its bottom end. Said wall 38 defines a compression cavity 40,wherein is interposed the lowly disposed telescopic section, which is axially movable therein, between its fully compressed and extended positions. Wall 38 also guides and supports that section against sideward bending, and keeps compression cavity 40 clean from mud pollution. A pair of diametrically opposed spring hangers 42 are preferably integrally formed on portion 41, adjacent to its conjuncture with wall 38.Said extended in advance tension coil springs 6 and 6a are disposed in the annular space 39, formed between said wall 38 and cylindrical wall 37 of groove member 14. The upper hooks 110 of said springs 6 and 6a engage respective spring hangers 42 of extension member 15, as can best be seen in Figure 6. The lower hooks 111 of those springs engage said spring hangers 43, of housing T H. Thus springs 6 and 6a resist the upper extensions of sub assembly SD S with respect to housing T H, and the strength of their preliminary extension brings down back S D S for locking, after each of its absorbing generally upward extension.

Groove member 14 includes an upper portion 33 having an internal thread 32a, through which is screwed on member 15, and on its outer circumference preferably the shallow annular groove is made. Under said groove wall 37 extends downward, bearing against the inner surface of housing T II, to guide the axial movement of sub assembly SDS within TH, and to keep locking ring 8 open and entirely into deeper groove 7, at extension times of SD S. To assure that groove member 14 does not loosen during operation, threaded half shoves 26 are formed by halves through said threads 32 and 32a, and within them' securing bolts 27 are screwed. Therefore, said extension and groove J members and pipe-piston 2 5 form the upper telescopic section as a single part.

Shallow annular groove 9 extends preferably around groove member 14.

Said groove 9 has a generally flat locking surface 119, substantially perpendicular to the axis of the shock: sabsorber, and also has preferably an arcuate pushing surface 118. A plurality of slots 34, equal in number to slots 35, intersect sallow groove 9. Bcing aligned by couplcs, slots 34 and 35 facilitate the dismantling of locking ring 8.

Said resilient split locking ring 8 through shallow groove 9 and deeper groove 7 locks the entire sub assembly sns to housing T H, and is constructed from a high quality steel alloy, respectively hardened so as to be hard and resilient enough to tighten itself around groove member 14, seated within shallow groove 9, and to perform its locking and unlocking functions sufficiently. Regarding said functions, preferably the inner circumference of ring 8 preferably corresponds to the profile of shallow groove 9. The outer its circumference extends preferably into deeper groove 7.Ring 8 includes a generally flat locking surface 120 which engages locking surface 119 of groove 9, and also includes preferably an contacting surface 121 which cooperates with the pushing surface 118 of that groove, in order to facilitate itself opening.

Figs. 2 and 3 show cut away rcspective of B and C embodiments of a vehicle empty and immovable, and Figs 6 and 7 show respectively those embodiments in immovable, but fully loaded, vehicles. For a fully loaded moving vehicle in usual or moderately rough road conditions, for example its C shock absorbers are working between positions shown in Figure 7, to about 2/3 of the compression shown in fig.

11. This means the shocks crcatcd by said road conditions will be absorbed by compression coil springs 1, 2, and 3 which according to my experiments assure about three times greater absorbing height than the conventional shock absorbers. For said conventional absorbers the bumps usually occur when a vehi cic is moving in rough road conditioxls, where the height and the strength of the shocks often are greater than tic absorbing height and strength of the compression coil spring of said absorbers As a result of that, the exiting shock's en crgy after the full compression of said spring is almost entirely transformed as b u 111 p 5 over the vehicle's frame.It is because the rubber bumpers in said shock absorbers designed for final absorbing of those strong bumps have small absorbing effect. In the present invention, in order to have much greater absorbing height through those three springs 1, 2, and 3, as the experiments showed, much greater shocks than those causing bumps in said conventional shock absorbers can have great enough height and strength to compress fully those three springs. But on extremely rough roads, which still is possible, after unlocking of SDS, said exiting shock's energy will be smoothly absorbed by coil springs 6 and 6a: without any bumps. Said springs can be extended by said exiting shock's energy as high as its magnitude is, to its full absorption.The extensions of springs 6 and 6a additionally increase considerably the total absorbing length of the shock absorber, as it is shown in Figs.12 and 13.

Pipe-piston 25, being interposed within the lowly disposed dampcr's clc- ment, is screwed through its thread 81 a at its upper side onto collar 81 of cx- tension member 15. However, to form the retaining surface 87, part of its lower side diametrically slightly is enlarged and within it the cavity 114 is formed. Within said cavity plugging washer 74 is movable interposed, and over it nozzle plug 73 is screwed on threaded wall 113. Said plug has plurality in circle disposed nozzle openings 115, whose combined area equals close to the area of the plugging washer's opening 11 6 The first Intermediate Telescopic Section (ITS 1) includes spring container 16, compression coil spring 2, and damper cylinder-piston 2 1 (Fig. 14), which move as a single unit.Spring container 16 includes a washer like top wall 64 having a central opening 58, through which and throughout seal 78 the lower portion of pipe-piston 25 extends into cylinder-piston 21. Under seal 78 threaded collar 83 extends downward from top wall 64, surrounding opening 58. Said collar has larger and smaller internal diamcters. between which retaining surface 94 is formed, which engages retaining surface 8 7 of pipe-piston 25 (Fig. 16), to retain spring container 16. Said container also iu- cludes cylindrical walls 66 and 68, which are coaxial and concentric to collar 85 and to each other, and their lower ends are connected by a washer like bottom wall 69.Thus those three walls define an annular spring compressing space 67, wherein compression coil spring 2 is inserted and during comprcssions compressed. Inner wall 66 being attached at its upper end to the periphery of top wall 64, at its lower end is open, and so is formed compression cavity 65, wherein the lower telescopic section (LTS) is receivable, between its hilly cxtended and compressed positions. Damper cylinder-piston 21 (Fig. 16) through its thread 85a on its upper side is screwed onto said collar 85 (Fig. 15). Part of the lower side of damper cylinder-piston 21 is diametrically slightly enlarged and thus the retaining surface 97 is formed, for retaining of the lower telescopic section, through cylinder 20. The ITS is movable between the extended position shown in Figures 2 and 3, and the compression position shown in Figs 6, 7, 13, and 14, in which its spring container 16 and itself are disposed entirely within compression cavity 40 of extension member 15, for B embodiment, or in compressing cavity 65a of spring container 17, for C embodiment. Spring container 16, forming said intermediate telescopic section in B embodiment is supported under it, by compression coil spring 1, and over it, itself supports the section'.s compression coil spring 2. 'The upper side of said spring 2 extends into compression cavity 40, and bears against bottom 2 8 b 7 supporting the upper telescopic secti-on. The lower side of said spring extends into-space 67, -and bears against bottom wall 69 of container 16.

The Lower Telescopic Section (LTS) comprises connecting member 7 0 compressing coil spring 1, and damper cylinder 20. Into cylinder 20 is inserted as a piston cylinder-piston 21, and through its retaining surface 97 retains cylinder 20 by its retaining surface 96, and thus is retained the entire lower telescopic section. The upper end of cylinder 20 includes an a n n u I a r groove for inserting seal 79. At its lower side cylinder 20 includes thread 86a, through which is screwed on threaded collar 86 of connecting member 70.

Member 70 i udes hub 71 or boll 72 (Fig. 13) for securing the shock absorber to the suspensiun system of the wheel; flange-plate 70a; and said internal threaded collar 86. The lower telescopic section is movable between the extended position shown in Fig. 2 and a compressed position, in which cylinder 20 is disposed entirely within compression cavity 65, as well as compressing coil spring 1, shown in Figs 11-13. The lower telescopic section is supported resilienlly by said spring 1, whose upper side extends into compression cavity 65, and bears against top wall 64 of container 16. The lower side of spring 1 is supported by flange-plate 70a, Referring now to Figs 3 and 7, C embodiment is shown therein. It includes all the elements used in B embodiment.However, C embodiment includes a sec- o 71 d intermediate telescopic section (ITS 2), which comprises a s e c o n d spring container 17, second damper cylinder-piston 22; and third compression coil spring 3, all of them similar to those in the first intermediate telescopic sections (ITS 1), used in B and C embodiments.

Within compression cavity 65a of container 17 spring container 16 and compression coil spring 2 are interposed, mean disposed is there the first intermediare telescopic section. Instead passing through container 16, as it is by B embodiment, pipe-piston 25 by C embodiment is passing through container 17, which is axially movable within cavity 40, between its extended position, shown in Fig. 3, and its compressed position, shown in Figs 11-13. Said container 17, mean the second intermediate telescopic section is supported resiliently between its fully extended and fully compressed positions: over it, by its spring 3; and under it, by spring 2.

The upper side of said spring 3 extends into cavity 40, and bears against the bottom.

of reservoir 28. The lower side of spring 3 extends into space 67a, and bears against bottom wall 69a of container 17. In B embodiment through container 1 6 passes pipe-piston 25, but in C embodiment passes cylinder-piston 22. And said section is axially movable within cavity 65a, between the extended position shown in Fig. 3, and the compressed position shown in Figs 11-13. Container 16 is supported resiliently between its fully extended and fully compressed positions: under it, by spring 1, over it, itself supports spring 2. In C embodiment the upper side of spring 2 extends into cavity 65a, and bears against the top wall 64a of container 17, and its lower side, extends into space 67, the same as it is in B embodiment.The rcmaindcr of C embodiment, including cylinder-piston 21, cylinder 20, spring 1, and connccting member 70, are identical to those in B embodiment.

It is a particular advantage of this invention, that compression coil springs 1, 2, and 3, which resiliently support individual telescopic sections of SDS, are coaxially concentrically consecutively arranged, however, not in end to end fashion, as it is by thc conventional shock absorbers, but so that in extended position the lower side of spring 3 overlaps the upper side of spring 2, whose lower side overla the upper side of spring 1, and in compressed position spring 3 -entirely overlaps spring 2 which the same entirely overlaps spring 1.

Thus, the total absorbing height of all the compression coil springs in this invention is about thrce times greater than in conventional shock absorbers, and at the same time its length in normal position is not more than half longer than A em embodiment, but in fully compressed 'positions is only insignificantly longer.

However in normal condition C embodiment even is shorter than the conventional shock absorbers, and is much shorter in fully compressed position.

In the preferred embodiments the opening resistance of locking ring 8 and its opening friction in the deeper groove, as an example is just less than 0.25 times the shock absorbcrs' Respective Share of the Total Vehicle Weight (R S T V W ) .

Since the predetermined unlocking level of the shocks is 1.75 RSTVW, and springs 1,2, and 3 are fully compressed at 1.8 RSTVW, sub assembly SDS will be rclcascd just prior of the time when said springs are fully compressed. Said springs of a fully loaded but stationary vehicle will be compressed to the position shown in Fig. 6 for 1 embodiment and Fig. 7 for C embodiment. Tension coil springs 6 and 6a will not however be extended yet by said load, since the force gcnerated by their advanced extension is 1.5 greater than the RSTVW. During normal opcration of the vehicle, sub assembly SDS will be locked by locking ring 8.When the wheel meets a hole, or hits a stone or other obstacle, typical for modcrate rough roads, springs 1, 2, and 3 will be compressed to the height of the ob staple, and so the force of the blow will be absorbed by those springs. When the obstacle has the respective great height, and the shock which it causes has reached strength 1.5 times the RSTVW, springs 1, 2, and 3 are compressed to the level when the force generated by the advanced extension of springs 6 and 6a is overcome, and the pushing surface 119 of shallow groove 9 begins to push locking ring 8, within deeper groove 7. The graph of Fig.17. shows that the unlocking strength of the shocks having said exiting height and energy are. predetermined to about 1.75 of the Respective Shared Total Vehicle's Weight (R ST V W), in which is included the strength needed for respective compression of springs 1, 2, and 3, plus the strength needed for overcoming of the locking ring 8 opening resistance, mean its self tight strength, and also its friction with groove 7 of housing T H. Only shocks having more than said above height and strength are able to push that ring 8 through pushing surface 118 out of shallow groove 9, into the deeper groove 7, to open it, and thus to release che sub assembly SDS, for its absorbing generally upward movement.Fig. 11, depicts that moment. After absorbing of that shock, mean after the wheel passes the obstacle causing said shock, the strength of springs 6 and 6a, and especially the strength of their preliminary extension, meaning their elastic returning force pulls back down the subassembly, until shallow groove reaches ring 8, which by own at once inse itself into shallow groove 9, and thus the locking is completed.

On Fig. 12 sub assembly SDS is even with the top of housing Til, and on Fig. 13 it is substantially beyond, gradually responding to about 2.75 RSTVW. However, in reality, according to my experiments, even in the highest extension, the extension strength level never reaches more than 2 times RSTVV. It is because the unlocked ing level equaling to 1.75 RSTVW, is greater that the preliminary extension of springs 6 and 6a, equaling around 1.5 RSTVW.Only this can explain why a car moving at fifty kilometers speed, overcomes the same easily 1() cm. high logs, only with springs 1 and 2 (for B embodiment), and 15 cm. high diametrical split logs, with extension of sub assembly SDS.

Vibration and jounce are controlled by dampening fluid. which fills damper cylinder 20, cylinderpislons 21 and 22, as well as pipe-piston 25. and 1/6 till 1/5 of the depth of reservoir 28. When SDS begins to compress, relic dampening fluid is forced through holes 115 of nozzle plug 73. The pressure of the dampening fluid moves plugging washer 74 up against surface 11 2 to its open (( position This allows relative high rate of fluid flow from the damper's elenients ii0to reser- voir 28.When the shock absorber begins to expand. the fluid is dra'.vi bak, through the holes of nozzle plug 73, into said elements. However, the fluid current moves back down plugging washer 74 to its (PP) plugging position. and because its central opening 116 (Fig. 9) covers as an example only one-ninth of the total opened surface of nozzle's holes 115, the passing fluid in quantity is about ten times smaller, which actually is the dampening.

From the foregoing it is apparent that springs 1, 2, and 3 absorb the majority o f shocks to the vehicle. When those springs are fully compressed, rather than "bottoming out," the subassembly is freed and begins to move axial upward within housing TH. This upward extension is resisted by tension springs 6 and 6a, whose preliminary extension brings back down sub assembly SDS after the overcoming of the obstacle, and ring 3 locks it to the housing T H. According to my many experiments, because of the great absorbing length of springs 1 and 2 (for B embodiment), on moderate rough roads the unlocking of SDS may never happened.However, for very bad road it is there, and its existence permits for the vehicle constructors to calculate the frame relative over designation around 2, maximum 2.5, but not more than S. Plus that, the great absorbing length makes not only exceptionally great comfort, but also makes the vehicle much more able to pass through areas without roads.

Figs.17 and 18 represents as follow: the numbers along the vertical axis represent the ratio of compression or extension of the respective springs. As an example number "1" indicates the shared part of the R S T V W, number "2" indicates doubled R S T V W. The numbers along the horizontal axis indicate respective springs. For example, "2" indicates spring 2. The letters in the vertical columns represent: (A), the preliminary compressions of springs 1, 2, and 3; (B), the full load of the vehicle; (C), the full compressions of said springs; (D), the preliminary extension of springs 6 and 6a; (E), the opening resistance and the friction of the locking ring; combined D and E, the predetermined unlocking strength level of the shocks, and (F); the absorbing extension of SDS.

The shock absorbers of the present invention consists comparatively many parts, but all of them are simple cylindrical shaped, and cheap for production. That parts complication however practically is insignificant compared to the revolutionary effect proven through many experiments. Regarding especially the weight rc- ducing, capitalized through the great gasoline millage; great comfort; great ability to move practically everywhere; etc. I strongly believe shortly after the first use of A or B or C shock absorbers, a car without some of them will be not possible be sealed.

The assembly of the shock absorber requires a special press and special pulling devices. Member 15 is first inserted into said press. Next, the upper end of spring 3 is inserted into cavity 40, and container 17 is placed over it, but after inserting of seal 77 in its groove. Spring 2 is then inserted into cavity 65a, and container 16 is inserted over it, but also after inserting of seal 78 in its groove. Next spring 1 is inserted into cavity 65, and all of these parts are compressed. After inserting of seal 79 in its groove, cylinder 20 is inserted into cavity 65 of container 16.

Cylinder-piston 21 is then inserted through cylinder 20, and screwed on collar 85, through hexagon 103, by an Allen wrench. Next cylinder-piston 22 is inserted through cylinder-piston 21 and tightened on collar 84 of container 17, through its hexagon 102. Similarly the pipe-piston 25 is inserted through cylinder-piston 22, and tightened onto collar 81 of extension member 15, using its internal hexagon 99. After that plugging washer 74 is inserted into space 114, and over it nozzle plug 73 is screwed on thread 113. Finally after pulling up cylinder 20, member 70 is screwed on it, and thus the subassembly is assembled.

After releasing from the press, that subassembly will expand to the position shown on Fig. 3. It should be noted that even in that expanded position, springs 1, 2, and 3 are not fully expanded. It is desirable to maintain' a preliminary compression on said springs equal to approximately one-half of the RSTVW. Being preliminary inter-coiled since extension in special device and U shaped tools and cords keeping that extension springs 6 and 6a are next hung by their hooks 11 0 on spring hangers 42, using special finger like tools. Groove member 14 is then screwed onto extension member 15, and secured by inserting bolts 27 into the aligned respective half holes 26.So already assembled SDS is then inserted into housing T H , wherein the split locking ring 8 is already inserted into deeper groove 7, and that housing also is already inserted into said special pulling device.

After engaging of the lower hooks 111 of springs 6 and 6a within spring hangers 43, the pulling member of the pulling device should be screwed in thread 80 of extension member 15. When so-pulled SDS reaches ring 8, the chamfer of member 1 4 presses it into the deeper groove, and so opens it. The pulling continues until groove 9 reaches groove 7, when ring 8 inserts itself into groove 9. Finally, the shock absorber is assembled, and after taking it out of the pulling device, seal 29 is placed and plug 3 0 should be screwed in thread 8 0, after the filling of the damper's fluid.

It is known that the shock absorbers of a car loaded only by the driver, work harder than the fully loaded. That difference is more conspicuous for the work of the truck's shock absorbers. However, according to the possibilities of this invention, said above uncomfortable difference can be easy eliminated, simply by arrangement of different strength of said compression coil springs. It is easily possible because all those springs are retained through respective damper elements, and because all damper's elements are also retained through the spring containers. The main effect of this invention, namely elimi nating the necessity of very strong vehicle's frame creates great possibility for reducing the vehicle's weight.For example through replacing the two times stronger steel by however four times lighter aluminum, and by plastics.

lAy this way the weight of a new middle class car can be reduced from about 800 kilos, to around 300 kilos. Plus 500 kilos maximum load, the total car weight instead of about 1300 kilos, will be around 800 kilos. If shock absorbers made by B embod imcnt are used, the preliminary extension of springs 6 and 6a for each shock absorber should be 1/4 of 1200 kilos, each spring 1 should be fully compressed on around 1/4 of 800 kilos, and its preliminary compression should be around 1/4 of 400 kilos. Each spring 2, should be compressed to unlocking level on around 1/4 of 1300 kilos, and its advanced compression should be around 1/4 of 600 kilos.

Said above mean that for a car loaded only with the driver, on which load condition is more than 60% of the total car's mileage will work mostly the much softer spring 1, and when that car is loaded with four people, will work the much stronger spring 2. For C embodiment said possibility is even greater. For exam ple being used in a sport car having reduced weight around 400 kilos, and maxi- mum load around 500 kilos, the total car weight will be 900 kilos. The preliminary extension of springs 6 an 6a of each shock absorber should be 1/4 of 1350 kilos, each spring 1 should be fully compressed on around 1/4 of 800 kilos, and its advanced compression should be around 1/4 of 400 kilos.Each spring 2, should be fully compressed on around 1/4 of 1100 kilos, and its advanced compression should be around 1/4 of 600 kilos. Each spring 3, should be compressed to unlocking level on around 1/4 of 1450 kilos, and its advanced compression is around 1/4 of 900 kilos. This means that a car loaded only with the driver, will work only soft spring 1. For load of two-three people, it will work mostly spring 2, and for full load, will work mostly the strongest spring 3. Said above arrangements make possible significant increasing of the driving comfort with load only the driver, and also allow additional reducing of the vehicle's weight.

As it is understandable the elimination of the bumps makes possible the reducing of the frame's relative strength over designation more than half. This allows for the car manufacturers to reduce the thickness of the steal sheet metals, or as it was mentioned replacing of the heavy steel with the four times lighter aluminium or plastics. That mean the weight of the vehicle can be reduced the same by more than half. The reduction in vehicle's weight will allow a corresponding reduction in the engine size, in the cost of the vehicle, in the cost of its exploitation, in its maintenance, and most important, reducing of the gasoline consumption. Not less important also is that about four times less is the gasoline consumption at the time of acceleration, since the weight of the vehicle twice is less. This is very important especially for city driving, because of the often stops. It is important also regarding the less air pollution, especially in the big cities. When most of the vehicles become with reduced weight, since the effect of this invention, because of the respective smaller kinetic energy for bout vehiclcs, the happencd collisions will be not that much heavy, and, not that much deadly.

The present invention may of course be carried out by ways other than those specified here without departing from the spirit and essential characteristics of the invention. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, and all changes occurring within the meaning and equivalency range of the appended Claims are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

KLAIMS

1. A method allowing reducing the vehicle's weight, comprising the steps of: (a) reducing the vehicle's weight, through reducing the vehicle's frame rela tive strength over designation; (b) reducing the vehicle's frame relative strength over designation, since eliminating of bumps caused by a bottoming of the shock absorbers; (d) eliminating said bottoming, through using bottomless shock absorber.

2. A method allowing reducing the vehicle's weight, according to claim 1, wherein shock dampening device basing on the steps of: (a) elastical securing of a shock dampening sub assembly to a tubular hous ing; (b) locking said shock dampening sub assembly to said tubular housing; (c) unlocking said shock dampening sub assembly from said tubular housing;

3.A Shock absorbing device for motor vehicle, interposed between a frame of said vehicle and a suspension system of its respective wheel, c o m p r i s i n a tubular housing, including means for securing to the frame of the vehicle; a shock dampening sub assembly, including means for securing of said device to the wheel's suspension system; and said sub assembly within said housing iS; (a) axially movable interposed; (b) to said housing elastically secured; (C) to said housing normally locked; (d) from said housing in respective conditions unlocked.

4. A Sock Absorbing device according to claim 3, c o m p r i s i n (a) means for said elastical securing of said sub assembly to said housing; (b) means for said locking of said sub assembly to said housing; (C) means for said unlocking of said assembly from said housing.

5. A shock absorbing device for a motor vehicle, interposed between a frame of said vehicle and a suspension of its respective wheel, c o m p r i s i n g: (a) a tubular housing, the most upper disposed part, essentially including; a piece of pipe, having its lower and upper ends open; means for securing of said device to the respective frame; a ring formed integrally on the outer surface of said pipe; a deeper annular groove, or shallow annular groove, formed on the in ncr surface of said pipe and into said ring; within that groove a locking ring is interposed movable; means for securing of one or more tension coil springs, formed generally on the lower side of said pipe; and within said housing a shock dampening sub assembly is interposed axial movable; (b) said shock dampening sub assembly, axial movable interposed within said housing; elastically secured to it; normally is locked to it; and is unlocked from it, in respective condition, including; telescopic sections, coaxially consecutive concentrically disposed, and the most upper one being axially movable interposed within said housing, at un locking time extends generally upward; means for resilient supporting of the generally upper disposed telescopic scctions,by the lowly disposed one, being interposed between them, meaning said means disposed within each neighboring between two of said sections, which means also is for resilient opposing and for absorbing forces tending to compress those sections, the smaller one within the neighboring re spective bigger one; (c) said fluid damper, adapted for dampening of the vibrations, including; telescopic elements, a cylinder; one or more cylinder-pistons; and a pipe-piston; and through said elements said damper is built-in within said sections, since each one of these elements is attached to the respective one of those telescopic sections; a fluid reservoir, formed separate from said elements, within the upper tele scopic section of said sub assembly, in order to contain a dampening fluid; a plugging washer, interposed movable within a cavity formed in the lower side of said pipe-piston, in order to control the dampening fluid; a nozzle plug having in circle disposed openings, screwed in said cavity over said washer; and said washer being placed over said plug on its plugging po sition, in order to restrict the flow of said damper's fluid; being removed from said plug on its open position, in order to permit free said flow; (f) means for elastic securing of said sub assembly to said housing, in or der to oppose resiliently and to absorb the forces tending to extend said sub assembly axial generally upward with respect 10 said housing, and said means is preliminary extended, in order to be . obtained' an elastic returning force; and said force is capable of returning back generally down said sub assembly, in order to be locked, after each of its axial generally upward ab sorbing extension movement; and said means by its generally upper side is se cured to said sub assembly, and by its lower side is secured to said housing; (g) means for locking said sub assembly to said housing, in order to pre serve said elastic returning force; also in order to limits the downward movement of said subassembly, with respect to said housing; (h) means for nit locking said subassembly from said housing, being urged by the forces reached greater height and strength than the predetermined their unlocking level, whereby pushing, said means is capable of releasing said sub assembly from said housing; (i) means for securing said sub assembly and said device to said suspension of said wheel including the lowly disposed telescopic section of said sub assem bly.

6. The shock absorbing device of Claim 5, wherein a shock dampening sub assembly, composed by a basic lower and upper telescopic sections and a fluid damper; and said sub assembly is interposed axial movable within said tubular housing; whereby its upper telescopic section also is elastically secured to said housing; also normally is locked to that housing; and also is unlocked from it by shocks having reached greater height and strength than the predetermined their unlocking level, in order to be absorbed said shocks, through generally upward axial extension of said sub assembly with respect to said housing, and said sub assembly including; (a) an upper telescopic section being tlte top section of said sub assem bly, elastically is secured to said housing; normally is locked to it; and is U it locked from said housing, in order to extends therein axial generally up ward; said section essentially is composed by; a fluid reservoir, formed in the upper portion of this section, separate from the telescopic elements of said damper; a cylindrical guiding wall, extends axial downward from said upper portion, in order to guide said section and through it said sub assembly within said hous ing, and to keep said locking ring open during extensions; a sealed opening, formed co-axially in the upper wall of said reservoir; means for securing of at least one tension coil spring, formed within said section, so that to assure operable an elastic securing of the section and through it of said sub assembly to the housing; ; a compression cavity, formed co-axially in the lower side of this section, be tween said cylindrical and the bottom of said reservoir, having its lower side open,wherein axial movable is interposed said lower telescopic section; a pipe-piston, secured by its upper side coaxial to reservoir's bottom; by its lower side interposed into the lowly disposed damper's element; a shallow annular groove, or a deeper annular groove, formed on the outer circumference of said section; within it a locking ring is interposed; (b) said lower telescopic section extends generally downward from said up per telescopic section, being receivable entirely within there, between its fully extended an fully compressed positions, and including; a securing member, composed by a flange-plate; threaded collar; and means for securing of the shock absorber to the suspension of said wheel; one or more inter coiled compression coil springs supported on said flangc plate support said upper telescopic section; said springs are adapted for resist ing and for absorbing the forces tending to compress said sub assembly; said threaded collar, formed co-axially on the upper side of said flange-plate; a damper's cylinder, screwed on said collar; (c) said elastic securing, adapted for securing resiliently said sub assembly to said housing; and said securing is performing by one or more inter coiled ten sion coil springs, being secured by their generally upper sides to said upper telescopic section, and by their lower sides to said housing; and said springs are preliminary extended;; an elastic returning force is- obtained through said extension; and said force is capable of returning back generally down the sub assembly to locking level, in order to be locked; (d) said locking, performed after each of said sub assembly's absorbing gener ally upward extension, in order to preserve said preliminary extension, so that to preserve said elastic returning force, and also in order to limit the downward movement of the subassembly with respect to the housing, includ ing; a resilient split locking ring, made from quality metal alloy, and hardened, so that to perform its locking and unlocking functions sufficiently operable, being inserted by own strength, in said shallow annular groove; a deeper annular groove, formed into said tubular housing or in said upper telescopic section; and deep enough so that to accepts said locking ring entirely during unlocking, however during locking said locking ring is partially inter posed within said groove; a shallow annular groove, formed on said upper telescopic section or in said tubular housing; into this groove said locking ring is seated with its respective circumference, during said locking, and entirely out of it, during unlocking; (e) said unlocking of said subassembly from said -tubular housing including; pushing, surface, forming generally them lower profile's side of the circum ference of said shallow annular groove; and 'adapted for releasing said sub assembly from said housing, being urged by the compressing forces having reached greater height and strength than the predetermined their un locking level; since that said surface pushes said ring out of the shallow groove, a contacting surface, forming the lower profile's side of the respective cir cumference of said locking ring contacting the shallow groove; adapted for releasing said sub assembly, being pushed by said pushing surface; (f) said fluid damper, adapted for dampening of the vibrations, including; telescopic elements, a cylinder; and a pipe-piston, through which is built-in within respective lower and upper telescopic sections; a fluid reservoir, formed separate from the damper's telescopic elements, within said upper telescopic section, having orifice for fluid communication with said elements; also has an opening for level control of said fluid; said pipe-piston, generally peace of pipe secured co-axial to the bottom of said reservoir; also is interposer as a piston into the lowly disposed damper's ele ment; for obtaining of a retaining surface the diameter of a part of its lower side slightly is enlarged; a cavity is formed within said enlarged part; a plugging washer having central opening is interposed axial movable into said cavity, in order to restricts the flow of said fluid during compressions; a nozzle plug having in circle disposed openings is screwed within said cav ity over said washer; during sub assembly's extensions in order to restricts the flow of said fluid, said washer is placed on its plugging position over said nozzle plug; in order to permit free said flow during sub assembly's com pressions, said washer is removed from there on its open position; a cylinder, having a thread on its lower side is screwed on the collar of the lower telescopic section; a part of the upper side of its internal diameter slightly is decreased; an internal retaining surface is formed so; an annular groove is formed on the upper side of the internal diameter of said cylinder; and within said cylinder said pipe-piston is interposed axial movable a seal is interposed within said groove;

7. The shock absorbing device of claim 5, wherein a shock dampening subassembly including one or more intermediate telescopic sections in terposed between its basic lower and upper telescopic sections; and said sub as sembly is interposed axial movable within the tubular housing of said device; wherein also is elastically secured to said housing; normally is locked to that housing; and is unlocked from said housing by shocks having reached greater height and strength than the predetermined their un locking level, in order said shocks to be absorbed by generally upward ax ial extension of said sub assembly, which including; (a) an upper telescopic section being the top section of said sub assembly, elastically is secured to said housing; normally is locked to it; and is un locked from said housing, in order to extends therein axial generally upward; said section essentially is composed by; a fluid reservoir, formed in the upper portion of this section, out of the tele scopic elements of said damper; a cylindrical wall, extends axial downward from said upper portion, in order to guide said section and through it said sub assembly within said housing, and to keep said locking ring open during extensions; a sealed opening, formed co-axially in the upper wall of said reservoir; means for securing of at least one tension coil spring, formed within said section, so that to assure operable an elastic securing of the section and through it of said sub assembly to the housing;; a compression cavity, formed co-axially in the lower side of said section, be tween said cylindrical and the bottom of said reservoir, having its lower side open, in order to receive axial movable the most upper disposed intermediate telescopic section; a pipe-piston, secured by its upper side coaxial to reservoir's bottom; by its lower side interposed into the lowly disposed damper's element; a shallow annular groove, or a deeper annular groove, formed on the outer circumference of said section; within it a locking ring is interposed; (b) said lower telescopic section extends generally downward from a most lowly disposed intermediate telescopic section, being receivable entirely within there, between its fully extended an fully compressed positions, and including; a securing member, composed by a flange-plate; threaded collar; and means for securing of the shock absorber to the suspension of said wheel; one or more inter coiled compression coil springs being supported on said flange-plate support said upper telescopic section; said springs are adapted to resist and to absorb the forces tending to compress said sub assembly; said threaded collar, formed co-axially on the upper side of said flange-plate; a damper's cylinder is screwed on said collar; (c) one or more intermediate telescopic sections are interposed between said basic lower and upper telescopic sections, in order to increase the total ab sorbing height of said device; each one of them essentially including; a spring container, basically a tubular body making possible said intermedi ate telescopic section; said container is constructed basically by an inner and an outer cylindrical walls on the same level coaxial concentrically dis posed; the upper end of the inner wall is closed by a washer like top wall; a compressing cavity so is formed co-axially, having open its lower side; an annular groove, formed in the upper side of the opening of said top wall; a seal is interposed within said groove; a threaded collar extended downward co axially from said top wall, surround ing the extension of said opening; a second washer like bottom wall connects the lower ends of said inner and outer cylindrical walls, defining a spring compressing space; one or more inter coiled compressing coil springs are interposed within said space, between each tow neighboring telescopic sections, in order to sup port the upper disposed one, also in order to oppose and to absorb forces tending to compress them, the smaller into the neighboring bigger one; a damper's cylinder-piston is screwed on said collar.

a plurality of telescopic sections and a plurality of compression coil springs are formed through plurality of said container; (d) said elastic securing, adapted to secure resiliently said sub assembly to said.

housing; and said securing is performing by one or more inter coiled tension coil springs, being secured by their generally upper sides to said upper tele scopic section, and by their lower sides to said housing; and said springs are preliminary extended;; an elastic returning force is obtained through said extension; and said force is capable of returning back generally down the sub assembly to locking level, in order to be locked to said housing; (e) said locking, performed after each of said sub assembly's absorbing gener ally upward extension, in order to preserve said preliminary ,extension. so that to preserve said elastic returning force, and also in order to limit the downward movement of the subassembly with respect to the housing. includ- ing; a resilient split locking ring, made from hardened quality metal alloy; in order to perform its locking and unlocking functions sufficiently operable;; a deeper annular groove, formed into the tubular housing or into said upper telescopic section, in order to assure said locking and unlocking, and is deep enough so that to accepts said locking ring entirely during unlocking; however during locking said locking ring is there circumferential partially; a shallow annular groove, formed on said upper telescopic section or in said housing, in order to assure sufficiently operable said locking and unlocking; into it said locking ring is seated with its respective circumference by own in serting strength, during said locking, and is out of there during unlocking; (f) said unlocking of said subassembly from said housing including; a pushing, surface, forming generally the lower profile's side of the respec tive circumference of said shallow annular groove; adapted for releasing said subassembly from said housing, being urged by the forces tending to compress the sub assembly, however only those said forces having reached greater height and strength than the predetermined their unlocking level, and so pushes said locking ring out of the shallow groove, so that enables to said sub assembly to move from its normal locked position axial upward, in order to ab sorb said socks; a contacting surface, forming generally the lower profile's side of the re spective circumference of said locking ring; adapted for releasing said sub assembly, being pushed by said pushing surface; (g) said fluid damper, -adapted for dampening of the vibrations, including; telescopic elements, a cylinder; one or more cylinder-pistons; and a pipe-piston, through which is built-in within said sections, since each one of these elements is attached to the respective one of those telescopic sections; said pipe-piston, generally peace of pipe secured co-axial to the bottom of said reservoir; also is interposer as a piston into the lowly disposed damper's ele ment; for obtaining of a retaining surface the diameter of a part of its lower side slightly is enlarged; a cavity is formed within said enlarged part; a fluid reservoir, formed separate from the damper's telescopic elements, within said upper telescopic section, having orifice for fluid communication with said telescopic elements; also has an opening for level control of said fluid; a plugging washer, interposed movable within said cavity, in order to control the dampening fluid; a nozzle plug having in circle disposed openings is screwed within said cav ity over said washer; during sub assembly's extensions in order to restricts the flow of said fluid, said washer is placed on its plugging position over said nozzle plug; in order to permit free said flow during sub assembly's com pressions, said washer is removed from there on its open position; a cylinder, having a thread on its lower side is screwed on the collar of the lower telescopic section; a part of the upper side of its internal diameter slightly is decreased; an internal retaining surface is formed so; an annular groove is formed on the upper side of the internal diameter of said cylinder; a seal is interposed within said groove.

8. The shock absorbing device of claim 5, wherein an upper telescopic section, being the top section of said shock dampening subassembly, is interposed axial movable within the tubular housing of said device, wherein is resiliently secured to said housing; also is normally locked to it; and is unlocked from it by the excess power of the shocks having reached greater length and strength than their predetermined unlocking level, in order to be absorbed without any bumps, through generally upward axial extensions of said section with said subassembly, and said section including; (a) an extension member, composed by; damper's fluid reservoir, formed within a generally upper portion of said extension member, in order to contain the damper's fluid; an external thread, formed on the outer circumferential surface of said por tion, in order to be screwed on said extension member a groove member; means for securing of one or more tension coil springs, formed on said portion, below said thread; a cylindrical wall extended downward below said spring securing means; the lower end of said wall is open, so that is formed a compression cavity; said compression cavity, having its lower end open, so that the generally lowly disposed telescopic section axial movable is receivable therein, between its fully extended and fully compressed positions; an orifice, formed in the middle of said reservoir's bottom wall, in order to permit the passage of said damper fluid into and from said reservoir; a threaded collar extended co-axial generally downward from said wall's mid dle, surrounding said orifice, in order to secure a damper's pipe-piston; a threaded opening is formed co-axial in the top wall of said reservoir, in or der to make possible said fluid's level control; (b) said groove member is composed by;; an internal thread, formed on the inner circumferential surface of said groove member, through which itself is screwed on said extension member, so that both members forming a single part; a shallow annular groove or deeper annular groove is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the upper portion of the groove member, in order to make possible the locking to, and unlocking said section and sub as sembly from said housing; a pushing surface, forming the lower profile's side of said shallow groove; a locking surface forming the upper profile's side of said groove; a guiding cylindrical wall extends generally downward from said annular groove, in order to guide said axial movements of said section and said sub assembly within said housing; also in order to keep hanged said tension coil springs; and also in order to keep open a locking ring within a deeper annu lar groove, during the time of absorbing extensions; (c) a damper's pipe-piston, screwed on said collar of said extension member.

9. The shock absorbing device of claim 7 wherein one or more intermedi ate telescopic sections, being disposed between the lower and the upper telescopic sections of said shock dampening sub assembly, in order to in crease the device's absorbing height, each one is composed by; (a) a spring container, basically a tubular body making possible said inter mediate telescopic section, and also through plurality of said containers, mak ing possible respective plurality of said sections; and said container is con structed by an inner and an outer cylindrical walls; a washer like top wall, closes the upper end of said inner wall, and so is formed a compressing cavity having open its lower side; an annular groove, formed in the upper side of the opening of said top wall; a seal, interposed within said groove; the downward extension of said opening is surrounded by a threaded collar ex tended downward co axially from said top wall, on which is screwed a damper's cylinder-piston; a second washer like bottom wall connects the lower ends of said two cylindrical walls, defining a spring compressing space; (b) one or more inter coiled compression coil springs, interposed in said space, in order to oppose and to absorb forces tending to compress the lowly dis posed telescopic section into the upper disposed one, and also in order to sup port said upper disposed section; a train like arrangement of plurality of said compressing coil springs is possible through respective plurality of said spring container, which springs are consecutive coaxial concentrically dis posed, however not in end to end fashion; (c) a damper's cylinder-piston, screwed on said collar, being as a cylinder within which is interposed as a piston the damper's telescopic element attached to the upper disposed telescopic section, and at the same time itself is interposed as a piston within the damper's element attached to the lowly disposed tele scopic section, so that said cylinder-piston retains to each other said sections.

10. The shock absorbing device of claim 9, wherein said spring con tainer, being basically a tubular body constructed to secure a damper's cylin der-piston and to contain a coil spring, so that making possible said intermedi ate telescopic section; through plurality of said containers also making possible a plurality of said sections, and also a plurality of said coil springs, co axial con centrically consecutive disposed; and said container is constructed by; an outer cylindrical guiding wall, adapted to guide the spring container within the compressing cavity of the upper disposed telescopic section; an inner cylindrical wall; interposed co-axial concentrically within said outer wall, generally on equal level, being generally equal in length; a washer like top wall, closing the upper end of that inner wall; an opening, is formed in said top wall, through which is passing the respective damper's element of the upper disposed telescopic section;.

a threaded collar, extended downward co-axially from the lower side of said top wall, and surrounding the downward extension of said opening; a retaining surface is defined between two different diameters of said open ing's extension; an annular groove, is formed in the upper side of said opening; a seal, interposed within said groove; a compressing cavity, formed by said inner and top walls; the bottom side of that cavity is open; within said cavity the lowly disposed telescopic sections is receivable entirely and axially movable therein, at the time of compressions, between its fully extended and compressed positions; a washer-like bottom wall connects the lower ends of said cylindrical walls; an annular spring compression space is defined between said two cylin drical walls and said bottom wall, wherein said coil spring is interposed and compressed during compressions of said sub assembly.

11. The shock absorbing device of claim 10, wherein plurality of tele scopic sections, each one including said spring container; said coil spring or inter coiled coil springs; and respective damper's telescopic element; and in said plurality generally the most lowly disposed diametrically smallest tele scopic section totally is receivable and axial movable within the next neighboring generally upper disposed diametrically respective bigger, be tween their fully extended and fully compressed positions; and said bigger one the same is receivable within the next upper disposed and respective bigger section, between their fully extended and fully compressed positions and so on; however, in fully compressed position said smallest section is entirely overlapped by said next bigger section, which the same is entirely overlapped by said next bigger one, and so on, and the most upper disposed telescopic section being axially movable interposed within said tubular housing, at un locking time extends generally upward, in order to be absorbed the force tending to extend that plurality.

12. The shock absorbing device of claim 11, wherein a plurality of coil springs, co axial concentrically consecutive disposed, however not in end to end fashion, because of said spring container, being disposed between each two neighboring coil springs, so that in fully expanded position the upper side of the smallest generally lowly disposed spring is overlapped by the lower side of the nest generally upper disposed neighboring respective bigger spring, whose upper side the same is overlapped by the lower side of the nest upper disposed respective bigger spring, and so on, however in the fully compressed position said smallest spring is entirely overlapped by said nest bigger spring which the same is entirely overlapped by the nest bigger spring, and so on.

1 3. A shock absorbing device for motor vehicle, interposed between a frame of said vehicle and a suspension system of its respective wheel, c o m p r i s i n an elastic securing of its shock dampening subassembly to its tubular hous ing, in order to oppose and to absorb the forces tending to extend gener ally upward said sub assembly in respect to said housing, including; at least one tension coil spring, by its generally upper end is secured to the upper telescopic section of said sub assembly and by its lower end is secured to said tubular housing; an annular space defined between the cylindrical walls of the extension and groove members of the upper telescopic section of said sub assembly; within this space said tension coil springs is interposed; hanging members, formed on the ends of said spring; and through said mem bers of its upper side said spring is secured to a respective hook member formed on the upper telescopic section of said sub assembly, and through the other its hanging member of its lower side said spring is secured to a respective formed hook member of said tubular housing; a preliminary extension of said tension coil spring; a spring returning force, obtained through said preliminary extension, ca pable of returning generally back down said subassembly to its basic locked position, in order to be locked, after each of its absorbing movement.

14. A shock absorbing device for motor vehicle, interposed between a frame of said vehicle and a suspension system of its respective wheel, c o m p r i n a locking of a shock dampening sub assembly to a tubular housing, adapted for preserving of an elastic returning force, including; (a) a resilient split locking ring, performing said locking; in locked posi tion by its respective circumference is seated partially within a shallow an nular groove by own strength; and by the rest of its circumferential part is interposed within a deeper annular groove; and in order to perform suf ficiently its locking and unlocking functions is made from respective hard ened strong metal alloy; and has the respective profiled contacting. and locking circumferential surfaces, which matching the respective pushing and locking circumferential surfaces of a shallow annular groove; (b) a deeper annular groove, formed circumferential - within said tubular housing or in said upper telescopic section, so that makes operable said lock ing, preserve it, ant makes operable said unlocking; and said groove is deep enough, so that accepts within itself entirely said locking ring during of unlocked time of said sub assembly; (C) a shallow annular groove, formed circumferential on the outer surface of the groove member of the upper telescopic section or in said tubular hous ing; and has respective profile so that make operable said locking, preserve it, and makes operable said unlocking; in locked position is filled by said lock ing ring, in order to carry out said locking; (d) Shallow groove's locking surface, forming the upper profile's side of said shallow annular groove, so that its profile line is substantially perpen dicular to the axis of said shock absorber, in order to make secure and opera ble the locking of said sub assembly to said housing, and also in order to make operable said unlocking.

(e) locking ring's locking surface, forming generally the upper profile's side of the respective circumference of said locking ring; in order to assure said locking and unlocking be operable, said surface preferably matching said locking surface of the shallow annular groove.

15. The shock absorbing device of Claim 14, wherein said unlocking of said shock dampening sub assembly from said tubular housing, including; said pushing surface, forming generally the lower profile's side of said shal low annular groove, being urged by the forces tending to compress the tele scopic sections, however only by those having reached greater height and strength than the predetermined their unlocking level, said surface push said locking ring out of said shallow groove, in order to unlock said sub assembly from said housing, to makes its absorbing movement; this pushing surface is profiled to assure its unlocking function and is matching the respec tive contacting surface of said locking ring, in order to caring out its pushing function; said contacting surface of said locking ring, being generally the lower pro file's portion of the respective circumference of said locking ring, is formed matching said pushing surface, with which is in contact.

Amendments to the claims have been filed as follows 1A shock absorbing device for motor vehicle, interposed between a frame of a vehicle and a suspension of a respective wheel, comprising: tubular housing; means for securing said device to the frame; a ring formed on the outer surface of said housing, said ring having a first annular groove means and locking means is movably interposed in said first annular groove means; at least one resilient telescopic assembly having at least one upper section and at least one lowest section axially movaby disposed . within said housing; said resilient telescopic assembly having a fluid damper means coaxially disposed at least partially within said telescopic assembly;; a second annular groove means disposed on said at least one upper section such that said first groove means and said second groove means are generally aligned; said locking means being normally disposed between said first and said second groove means, releasably securing said telescopic assembly to said tubular housing; said locking means unlocking and releasing said telescopic assembly from said housing when a predetermined amount of axial force acts on said telescopic assembly; and means for elastic securing said telescopic assembly to said housing, in order to resiliently oppose and absorb forces tending to extend said telescopic assembly in an upward direction, and said elastic securing means providing a restoring force tending to align said first and said second groove means and thereby lock said locking means.

2. The shock absorbing device of claim 1 ,wherein said fluid damper means comprising at least one cylinder means, each one having at least one piston means; a fluid reservoir means for storing a dampening fluid; a plugging washer movably interposed in a cavity of the -upper disposed said piston means, to allow variable fluid flow through said- piston means; and; a nozzle plug mounted adjacent to said cavity, to support said washer, in order to permit its dampening function.

3. The shock absorbing device of claim 1 , wherein said locking means including a resilient split locking ring made from a metal alloy and said locking ring is received in only one of said annular grooves during unlocking and partially received in both said annular grooves during locking.

4. The shock absorbing device of claim 1, wherein said upper section comprises: said second annular grove means, adapted for inserting of said locking means, in order to accomplish said locking of said section to said housing; a fluid reservoir, to contain dampening fluid; a collar, adapted to secure said piston means to said upper section; an orifice, to hydraulically connect said reservoir to sections of the telescopic assembly; at least one means for securing said elastic securing means to said upper section; a cavity, for receiving a lower disposed section;; at least one cylindrical guiding wall, extending downward from the bottom of said reservoir, defining said cavity, and biasing said locking means entirely into said first groove means while unlocking, said guiding wall is also for guiding said upper section in said housing, and for guiding at least one lower disposed section into said cavity.

5. The shock absorbing device of claim 1, wherein said telescopic assembly comprises at least one intermediate section, interposed between said upper and said lowest sections of said telescopic assembly,- to increase the absorbing height of said device; and said intermediate section comprising a resilient means, and means for supporting said resilient means, and also cylinderpiston means.

6. The shock absorbing device of claim 5, wherein said means for supporting of said resilient means comprises a spring container, adapted for containing and supporting at least one compression coil spring, and for securing of said cylinder-piston means; comprising: an outer cylindrical guiding wall, adapted to guide the spring container within a cavity of the upper disposed section; an inner cylindrical wall, interposed concentrically within said outer wall, and being generally equal in length to said outer wall; a washer like top wall, closing the upper end of said inner wall; an opening, formed in said top wall, through which the piston means of the upper disposed section passes; a threaded collar, extends downwardly co-axially from a lower side of said top wall, and surrounds a downward extension of said opening;; a retaining surface is defined between two different diameters of said opening's extension; a seal, within said groove; a compressing cavity, formed by said inner and top walls, and a bottom side of the cavity is open so that within said cavity at least one lower disposed section is entirely receivable and axially movable therein, at the time of compressions, between fully extended and compressed positions; a washer like bottom wall connects lower ends of said cylindrical walls, and supports said compressing coil spring; an annular spring compressing space is defined between said two cylindrical walls and said bottom wall, wherein -said coil spring is interposed and compressed during compressions of said assembly.

7. The shock absorbing device of claim 6, wherein between said cylinder means and said pip-piston means of said damper means at least one said cylinder-piston means is interposed, being attached to the intermediate section, so that a lower disposed damper element is a cylinder in which said cylinder-piston means is received as a piston, said cylinder-piston means is in turn a cylinder wherein an upper disposed damper element is interposed as a piston, in order to increase the absorbing height of said fluid damper means and said assembly, making said assembly multistaged.

8. The sock absorbing device of claim 1, wherein said means for elastic securing said telescopic assembly to -said tubular housing comprises at least one tension coil spring, having on both its ends means for securing; said coil spring being interposed and secured between said housing and said assembly and preliminary extended to obtain a lock restoring force.

9. The shock absorbing device of claim 1, wherein at least one securing means is disposed adjacent the bottom of said tubular housing, to secure said preliminary extended at least one tension coil spring to said housing.

1 0. The shock absorbing device of claim 1, wherein at least one securing means is disposed below said second annular groove means for securing said preliminary extended tension coil spring to said upper section of said telescopic assembly.

11. The shock absorbing device of claim 1, ~wherein each lower disposed section of said resilient telescopic assembly is at least partially axially receivable within the upper disposed section, in order to. decrease the height of said device in a fully compressed position.

12. The shock absorbing device of claim 8 wherein after an unlocking said lock restoring force returns said assembly back down after an upward extension, in order to adjust said first and second groove means tothe same level, so that said locking means partially re-enters into said second groove means, to accomplish the locking.

13. A shock absorbing device substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.