GB2262496A - Improvements in or relating to bobbin transport systems. - Google Patents
Improvements in or relating to bobbin transport systems. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2262496A GB2262496A GB9226210A GB9226210A GB2262496A GB 2262496 A GB2262496 A GB 2262496A GB 9226210 A GB9226210 A GB 9226210A GB 9226210 A GB9226210 A GB 9226210A GB 2262496 A GB2262496 A GB 2262496A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- bobbin
- conveyors
- bobbins
- conveyor
- support member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
- B65G47/00—Article or material-handling devices associated with conveyors; Methods employing such devices
- B65G47/52—Devices for transferring articles or materials between conveyors i.e. discharging or feeding devices
- B65G47/60—Devices for transferring articles or materials between conveyors i.e. discharging or feeding devices to or from conveyors of the suspended, e.g. trolley, type
- B65G47/61—Devices for transferring articles or materials between conveyors i.e. discharging or feeding devices to or from conveyors of the suspended, e.g. trolley, type for articles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
- D01H9/00—Arrangements for replacing or removing bobbins, cores, receptacles, or completed packages at paying-out or take-up stations ; Combination of spinning-winding machine
- D01H9/18—Arrangements for replacing or removing bobbins, cores, receptacles, or completed packages at paying-out or take-up stations ; Combination of spinning-winding machine for supplying bobbins, cores, receptacles, or completed packages to, or transporting from, paying-out or take-up stations ; Arrangements to prevent unwinding of roving from roving bobbins
- D01H9/182—Overhead conveying devices
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
Abstract
A transfer arrangement 10 for transferring two bobbins 22 between two conveyors 6, 8 of a bobbin transport system, comprises two bobbin holders 40 supported by a support member 42 which is movable towards and away from the two conveyors 5, 8 and rotatable through at least 180 DEG so as to allow the positions of the two bobbin holders 40 to be reversed. A guide member having a surface extending along at least a portion of a helical turn may be used to guide the support member 42 through a rotation of 180 DEG . <IMAGE>
Description
"Improvements in or relating to bobbin transport systems" The invention relates to bobbin transport systems.
Bobbin transport systems are used in the textile industry to transport bobbins around textile machines. One type of bobbin transport system comprises a bobbin conveyor formed as an endless chain from which bobbins are suspended. The endless chain is formed as a series of links pivotally connected together in such a way as to allow the chain to travel around a track which may curve left, right, up or down. The invention relates particularly, although by no means exclusively, to this type of bobbin transport system.
According to the invention there is provided a transfer arrangement for transferring two bobbins between two conveyors of a bobbin transport system, the transfer arrangement comprising two bobbin holders supported by a support member which is movable towards and away from the two conveyors, and rotatable through at least 180 so as to allow the positions of the two bobbin holders to be reversed, wherein transfer of the two bobbins between the two conveyors is achieved by movement of the support member towards the conveyors so that one of the bobbin holders engages with a bobbin attached to one of the conveyors, and the other bobbin holder engages with a bobbin attached to the other conveyor, movement of the support member away from the conveyors so that the two bobbins are removed from the conveyors and held by the bobbin holders, rotation of the support member so as to reverse the positions of the two bobbin holders, and hence also of the two bobbins held by the two bobbin holders, movement of the support member towards the conveyors so as to cause each bobbin to become attached to the conveyor from which the other bobbin was removed, and movement of the support member away from the conveyors so as to disengage the two bobbin holders from the two bobbins, thus leaving the two bobbins free to be transported by the two conveyors.
Preferably, the transfer arrangement is adapted to transfer hollow bobbins between the two conveyors, and each bobbin holder comprises an elongate member which is adapted to be inserted into a hollow bobbin.
In this case, each elongate member may be provided with a bobbin engaging member which fits around, and is slidable along at least a part of, the elongate member, and is supported by a resilient member, such as a spring, which deforms resiliently when the elongate member is inserted into a bobbin.
Each elongate member may be formed with a pointed end so as to facilitate insertion of the elongate member into a bobbin.
In one embodiment of the invention the support member is supported by a shaft which is slidably movable along its length.
The shaft may be rotatably and retractably mounted between the two conveyors in use.
Conveniently, the transfer arrangement further comprises drive means for driving the support member towards and away from the two conveyors.
The transfer arrangement may also comprise rotation drive means for rotatably driving the support member through at least 180 .
The transfer system may further comprise a guide member for causing the support member to rotate, preferably through 180 , as a result relative movement between the support member and the guide member.
Conveniently, said relative movement is substantially vertical relative movement.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the guide member guides the support member through a rotation of 180 when the support member is moved away from the conveyors after removing said two bobbins from the conveyors.
Conveniently, the guide member comprises a surface extending along at least. a portion of a helical turn.
Preferably, the transfer arrangement further comprises detection means for detecting, while the two conveyors are in motion, the positions of bobbins attached to the two conveyors, and causing each conveyor to stop when a bobbin attached to that conveyor is in a suitable position for engagement with one of the bobbin holders.
The detection means may be capable of distinguishing between a full bobbin and an empty bobbin, and may be adapted to stop the two conveyors at positions which ensure that a full bobbin from one of the conveyors is exchanged by the transfer arrangement for an empty bobbin from the other conveyor.
For example, if the two conveyors are associated respectively with roving and spinning frames of a textile machine, the detection means may ensure that full bobbins from the conveyor associated with the roving frames are always exchanged for empty bobbins from the conveyor associated with the spinning frames.
The invention also provides a method of transferring two bobbins between two conveyors of a bobbin transport system, the method including the steps of detecting the positions of bobbins attached to the two conveyors and stopping each conveyor when a bobbin attached to that conveyor is in a suitable position to be transferred to the other conveyor, moving two bobbin holders towards the two conveyors so that one of the bobbin holders engages with a bobbin attached to one of the conveyors and the other bobbin holder engages with a bobbin attached to the other conveyor, moving the two bobbin holders away from the two conveyors so that the two bobbins are removed from the two conveyors and held by the two bobbin holders, reversing the positions of the two bobbin holders, and hence of the two bobbins held by the two bobbin holders, moving the two bobbin holders towards the two conveyors so as to cause each bobbin to become attached to the conveyor from which the other bobbin was removed, and moving the two bobbin holders away from the two conveyors so as to disengage the bobbin holders from the two bobbins, thus leaving the two bobbins free to be transported by the two conveyors.
Preferably, the positions of the two bobbin holders are reversed by rotating through substantially 180" a support member which supports the two bobbin holders.
The invention also provides a bobbin transport system for transporting bobbins around a textile machine having at least one roving frame and at least one spinning frame, the transport system comprising a roving conveyor for transporting bobbins around the or each roving frame, a spinning conveyor for transporting bobbins around the or each spinning frame, and transfer means for transferring bobbins between the roving conveyor and the spinning conveyor.
Preferably, the transfer means is a transfer arrangement as described above.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each conveyor is formed as a series of links pivotally connected together to form an endless chain adapted to have bobbins suspended below it.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, each conveyor- is provided with a series of locking devices extending along its length, each locking device being adapted to releasably attach a respective bobbin to the conveyor, and to release the bobbin when the bobbin is required to be transferred to the other conveyor by the transfer means.
For example, each locking device may be a latch mechanism which allows a bobbin to be attached to, or released from, the conveyor by simply moving the bobbin towards, and then away from, the conveyor.
The invention will now be described in greater detail, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which;
Figure 1 shows, in schematic form, a textile machine having spinning and roving frames, and being provided with a bobbin transport system including two bobbin conveyors and a transfer arrangement for transferring bobbins between the two conveyors;
Figures 2 and 3 show portions of the bobbin conveyors of the bobbin transport system shown in Figure 1;
Figure 4 shows three bobbin suspension devices, one carrying -a full bobbin, one carrying an empty bobbin, and one carrying no bobbin;
Figure 5 shows the transfer arrangement of
Figure 1 in greater detail.
Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the transfer arrangement of Figure 1.
Preferring te Figure 1, a textile machine 1 comprises spinning frames 2 and roving frames 4. A spinning conveyor 6 transports bobbins around the spinning frames 2, and a roving conveyor 8 transports bobbins around the roving frames 4. A transfer arrangement 10 is provided for transferring full bobbins from the roving conveyor 8 to the spinning conveyor 6, and for transferring empty bobbins from the spinning conveyor 6 to the roving conveyor 5.
Figures 2 and 3 show the construction of the spinning and roving conveyors 6 and g in greater detail.
A series of links 12 are pivotally connected together at their ends 14 by means of connecting members 16 so as to form an endless chain of links 12 which is guided along a track 18 by means of rollers 20 mounted on the connecting members 16. Each connecting member 16 is provided with four rollers 20 spaced at right angles to one another so as to allow the chain of links 12 to be driven around both horizontal and vertical curves of the track 18, as shown in Figures 2 and 3 respectively.
As is best shown in Figure 4, bobbins 22 are suspended from the conveyors 6 and 8 by means of suspension devices 24. Each suspension device 24 comprises a core engaging portion 26 for insertion into the hollow core of a bobbin 22, and a thread retaining part 28 pivotally connected to a side arm 30. When an empty bobbin 22 is suspended by a suspension device 24 the thread retaining part 28 engages the side wall 32 of the empty bobbin 22. A full bobbin having thread 34 wound around it is shown at the left hand side of Figure 4. When a full bobbin is suspended by a suspension device 24 the side arm 30 of the suspension device moves outwardly, and the thread retaining part 28 rests against the thread 34 wound around the bobbin 22 so as to retain the thread 34 on the bobbin 22.
Figure 5 shows the transfer arrangement 10 in greater detail. The transfer arrangement 10 comprises two bobbin holders 40 supported by a support member 42 which is mounted at the lower end of a vertical shaft 44. The shaft 44 is retractably and rotatably mounted within a housing 46 positioned between the two conveyors so as to allow the support member 42 to be slidably raised and lowered, and rotated, below the two conveyors. In Figure 5, the spinning and roving conveyors 6 and 8 have been stopped at positions which ensure that two bobbins 22 suspended by the conveyors are located directly above the two bobbin holders 40 of the transfer arrangement 10. Each bobbin holder 40 comprises an elongate member 48 having a pointed end 50 which is adapted to be inserted into a bobbin 22 via an opening at the lower end 52 of the bobbin 22, so that the bobbin 22 is held on the elongate member 48.Each bobbin holder 40 also comprises a disc-shaped bobbin engaging member 54 which fits around, and is slidable along a part of, the elongate member 48, and is supported by a spring 58 which is resiliently compressed when the elongate member 48 is inserted into a bobbin 22.
Once the spinning and roving conveyors 6 and 8 have been stopped in suitable positions, transfer of two bobbins 22 attached to the two conveyors 6 and 8 is achieved by the transfer arrangement 10 in the following manner. The shaft 44 is slidably retracted into the housing 46 so as to raise the support member 42 until the elongate members 48 of the two bobbin holders 40 engage within the two bobbins 22. This causes the bobbins 22, either alone or together with their respective suspension devices 24, to be released from their respective conveyors by the operation of an automatically releasable locking mechanism (not shown) such as, for example, a suitable latch mechanism. The support member 42 is then lowered to the position shown in Figure 5, the two bobbins 22 being held by the two bobbin holders 40.The shaft 44 and support member 42 are then rotated through 18" so as to reverse the positions of the two bobbin holders 40, and hence also of the two bobbins 22 held by the bobbin holders 40.
The shaft 44 is then slidably retracted into the housing 46 so as to raise the two bobbins 22 until each bobbin 22 becomes attached, for example by means of the latch mechanism mentioned above, to the conveyor from which the other bobbin 22 was removed. The support member 42 is then lowered so as to disengage the bobbin holders 40 from their respective bobbins 22, thus leaving the bobbins 22 free to be transported by the conveyors once the conveyors are set in motion again.
The transfer arrangement 10 also comprises a detector 60 for detecting the position of bobbins 22 suspended from the spinning conveyor 6, and a detector 62 for detecting the position of bobbins 22 suspended from the roving conveyor 8. The detectors 60 and 62 send signals which cause the conveyors 6 and 8 to be stopped when a bobbin which is required to be transferred to the other conveyor is located directly above one of the bobbin holders 40. The detectors 60 and 62 are capable of distinguishing between full and empty bobbins, for example by detecting the amount of radiation reflected back to the detector by the bobbin or any thread wound around a bobbin.The detector 60 causes the spinning conveyor 6 to stop when an empty bobbin 22 is located above one of the bobbin holders 40, and the detector 62 causes the roving conveyor 8 to stop when a full bobbin is located above the other bobbin holder 40. The transfer arrangement 10 therefore always transfers empty bobbins from the spinning conveyor 6 to the roving conveyor 8, and full bobbins from the roving conveyor 8 to the spinning conveyor 6.
The transfer arrangement 10 shown in Figure 6 is similar to that shown in Figure 5, and like parts are indicated using the same reference numbers. However, it should be noted that the roving conveyor 8 is shown on the left hand side, and the spinning conveyor 6 on the right hand side. Instead of the shaft 44 shown in
Figure 5, the transfer arrangement of Figure 6 is provided with a shaft 70 which supports, and is located below, the support member 42. The shaft 70 is driven up and down by a motor 72 mounted to the underside of a fixed support 74. A curved guide member 76 is mounted on top of the fixed support 74. The guide member 76 extends around the front side of the shaft 70, and is provided with a slanting upper surface 78 which extends along 1800 of a helical turn.The support member 42 is rotatably mounted on the upper end of the shaft 70, and is provided with a slanting upper surface 78 which extends along 1800 of a helical turn. The support member 42 is rotatably mounted on the upper end of the shaft 70, and is provided with two downwardly extending prongs 80 adapted to engage with the upper surface 78 of the guide member 76.
In operation, the support member 42 is raised by the shaft 70 so that two bobbins 22 are collected from the conveyors 6 and 8 by the bobbin holders 40 as described above. When the bobbins 22 on the bobbin holders 40, indicated by dotted lines in Figure 6, are lowered the lower end of one of the prongs 80 comes into contact with the upper end 82 of the upper surface 78 of the guide member 76. As the support member 42 is lowered further, said one of the prongs 80 slides along the length of the upper surface 78, thus causing the support member 42 to rotate through 180 so as to reverse the positions of-the two bobbins 22. The motor 2 then raises the bobbins 22 again, so that they are reattached to the conveyors 6 and 8 as described above.
It will be appreciated that alternate prongs 80 come into contact with the guide member 76 each time the support member 42 is lowered.
Further embodiments are of course possible.
For example, the guide member 76 could be vertically movable, and adapted to lift the support member 42 towards the conveyors 6 and 8. In this case, the support member 42 would rotate through 180 each time it was lifted by the guide member 76, due to the upper edge 78 of the guide member 76 coming into contact with the prongs 80.
Furthermore, a helical surface could be provided on, or attached to, the support member 42 instead of the guide member 76.
Claims (25)
1. A transfer arrangement for transferring two bobbins between two conveyors of a bobbin transport system, the transfer arrangement comprising two bobbin holders supported by a support member which is movable towards and away from the two conveyors, and rotatable through at least 1800 so as to allow the positions of the two bobbin holders to be reversed, wherein transfer of the two bobbins between the two conveyors is achieved by movement of the support member towards the conveyors so that one of the bobbin holders engages with a bobbin attached to one of the conveyors, and the other bobbin holder engages with a bobbin attached to the other conveyor, movement of the support member away from the conveyors so that the two bobbins are removed from the conveyors and held by the bobbin holders, rotation of the support member so as to reverse the positions of the two bobbin holders, and hence also of the two bobbins held by the two bobbin holders, movement of the support member towards the conveyors so as to cause each bobbin to become attached to the conveyor from which the other bobbin was removed, and movement of the support member away from the conveyors so as to disengage the two bobbin holders from the two bobbins, thus leaving the two bobbins free to be transported by the two conveyors.
2. A transfer arrangement as claimed in Claim 1, which is adapted to transfer hollow bobbins between the two conveyors, and wherein each bobbin holder comprising an elongate member which is adapted to be inserted into a hollow bobbin.
3. A transfer arrangement as claimed in Claim 2, wherein each elongate member is provided with a bobbin engaging member which fits around, and is slidable along at least a part of, the elongate member, and is supported by a resilient member which deforms resiliently when the elongate member is inserted into a bobbin.
4. A transfer arrangement as claimed in Claim 2 or 3, wherein each elongate member is formed with a pointed end so as to facilitate insertion of the elongate member into a bobbin.
5. A transfer arrangement as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the support member is supported by a shaft which is slidably movable along its length.
6. A transfer arrangement as claimed in Claim 5, wherein the shaft is.retractably mounted between the two conveyors in use.
7. A transfer arrangement as claimed in any preceding claim, which further comprises drive means for driving the support member towards and away from the two conveyors
8. A transfer arrangement as claimed in any preceding claim, which also comprises rotation drive means for rotatably driving the support member through at least 180 .
9. A transfer arrangement as claimed in any of
Claims 1 to 7, which further comprises a guide member for causing the support member to rotate as a result of relative movement between the support member and the guide member.
10. A transfer arrangement as claimed in Claim 9, wherein said relative movement is substantially vertical relative movement.
11. A transfer arrangement as claimed in Claim 9 or 10, wherein the guide member guides the support member through a rotation of 1800 when the support member is moved away from the conveyors after removing said two bobbins from the conveyors.
12. A transfer arrangement as claimed in any of
Claims 9 to 11, wherein the guide member or support member comprises a surface extending along at least a portion of a helical turn for causing rotation of the support member.
13. A transfer arrangement as claimed in any preceding claim, which further comprises detection means for detecting, while the two conveyors are in motion, the positions of bobbins attached to the two conveyors, and causing each conveyor to stop when a bobbin attached to that conveyor is in a suitable position for engagement with one of the bobbin holders.
14. A transfer arrangement as claimed Claim 13, wherein the detection means is capable of distinguishing between a full bobbin and an empty bobbin, and is adapted to stop the two conveyors at positions which ensure that a full bobbin from one of the conveyors is exchanged by the transfer arrangement for an empty bobbin from the other conveyor.
15. A transfer arrangement as claimed in Claim 14, wherein, if the two conveyors are associated respectively with roving and spinning frames of a textile machine, the detection means ensures that full bobbins from the conveyor associated with the roving frames are exchanged for empty bobbins from the conveyor associated with the spinning frames.
16. A method of transferring two bobbins between two conveyors of a bobbin transport system, the method including the steps of detecting the positions of bobbins attached to the two conveyors and stopping each conveyor when a bobbin attached to that conveyor is in a suitable position to be transferred to the other conveyor, moving two bobbin holders towards the two conveyors so that one of the bobbin holders engages with a bobbin attached to one of the conveyors and the other bobbin holder engages with a bobbin attached to the other conveyor, moving the two bobbin holders away from the two conveyors so that the two bobbins are removed from the two conveyors and held by the two bobbin holders, reversing the positions of the two bobbin holders, and hence of the two bobbins held by the two bobbin holders, moving the two bobbin holders towards the two conveyors so as to cause each bobbin to become attached to the conveyor from which the other bobbin was removed, and moving the two bobbin holders away from the two conveyors so as to disengage the bobbin holders from the two bobbins, thus leaving the two bobbins free to be transported by the two conveyors.
17. A method as claimed in Claim 16, wherein the positions of the two bobbin holders are reversed by rotating through substantially 1800 a support member which supports the two bobbin holders.
18. A bobbin transport system for transporting bobbins around a textile machine having at least one roving frame and at least one spinning frame, the transport system comprising a roving conveyor for transporting bobbins around the or each roving frame, a spinning conveyor for transporting bobbins around the or each spinning frame, and transfer means for transferring bobbins between the roving conveyor and the spinning conveyor.
2. A bobbin transport system as claimed in Claim 18, wherein the transfer means is a transfer arrangement as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 12.
20. A bobbin transport system as claimed in Claim 18 or 19, wherein each conveyor is formed as a series of links pivotally connected together to form an endless chain adapted to have bobbins suspended below it.
21. A bobbin transport system as claimed in any of
Claims 18 to 20, wherein each conveyor is provided with a series of locking devices extending along its length, each locking device being adapted to releasably attach a respective bobbin to the conveyor, and to release the bobbin when the bobbin is required to be transferred to the other conveyor by the transfer means.
22. A bobbin transport system as claimed in Claim 21, wherein each locking device is a latch mechanism which allows a bobbin to be attached to, or released from, the conveyor by simply moving the bobbin towards, and then away from, the conveyor.
23. A transfer arrangement substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying drawings.
24. A method of transferring two bobbins between two conveyors of a bobbin transport system, the method being substantilly as hereinbefore described.
25. A bobbin transport system substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919126724A GB9126724D0 (en) | 1991-12-17 | 1991-12-17 | Improvements in or relating to bobbin transport systems |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9226210D0 GB9226210D0 (en) | 1993-02-10 |
| GB2262496A true GB2262496A (en) | 1993-06-23 |
| GB2262496B GB2262496B (en) | 1995-01-18 |
Family
ID=10706377
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919126724A Pending GB9126724D0 (en) | 1991-12-17 | 1991-12-17 | Improvements in or relating to bobbin transport systems |
| GB9226210A Expired - Fee Related GB2262496B (en) | 1991-12-17 | 1992-12-16 | Improvements in or relating to bobbin transport systems |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB919126724A Pending GB9126724D0 (en) | 1991-12-17 | 1991-12-17 | Improvements in or relating to bobbin transport systems |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (2) | GB9126724D0 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB856820A (en) * | 1956-06-06 | 1960-12-21 | Buhrer Erwin | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for transporting or transferring foundry moulds from one conveyor to another |
| GB1463029A (en) * | 1974-07-12 | 1977-02-02 | Champion Spark Plug Co | Article transfer apparatus |
| GB2056935A (en) * | 1979-08-25 | 1981-03-25 | Pohlig Heckel Bleichert | Apparatus for transferring coils or bundles or rod or wire |
-
1991
- 1991-12-17 GB GB919126724A patent/GB9126724D0/en active Pending
-
1992
- 1992-12-16 GB GB9226210A patent/GB2262496B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB856820A (en) * | 1956-06-06 | 1960-12-21 | Buhrer Erwin | Improvements in or relating to apparatus for transporting or transferring foundry moulds from one conveyor to another |
| GB1463029A (en) * | 1974-07-12 | 1977-02-02 | Champion Spark Plug Co | Article transfer apparatus |
| GB2056935A (en) * | 1979-08-25 | 1981-03-25 | Pohlig Heckel Bleichert | Apparatus for transferring coils or bundles or rod or wire |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9226210D0 (en) | 1993-02-10 |
| GB2262496B (en) | 1995-01-18 |
| GB9126724D0 (en) | 1992-02-12 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20001216 |