GB2255312A - Retro-reflective assembly - Google Patents

Retro-reflective assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2255312A
GB2255312A GB9207615A GB9207615A GB2255312A GB 2255312 A GB2255312 A GB 2255312A GB 9207615 A GB9207615 A GB 9207615A GB 9207615 A GB9207615 A GB 9207615A GB 2255312 A GB2255312 A GB 2255312A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
retro
assembly
substrate
reflective
reflective assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9207615A
Other versions
GB2255312B (en
GB9207615D0 (en
Inventor
Harry Vincent Houghton
Peter Wallwork
Michael Philip Booth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SWINTEX
Original Assignee
SWINTEX
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SWINTEX filed Critical SWINTEX
Publication of GB9207615D0 publication Critical patent/GB9207615D0/en
Publication of GB2255312A publication Critical patent/GB2255312A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2255312B publication Critical patent/GB2255312B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
    • G02B5/126—Reflex reflectors including curved refracting surface
    • G02B5/128—Reflex reflectors including curved refracting surface transparent spheres being embedded in matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
    • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/04—Signs, boards or panels, illuminated from behind the insignia
    • G09F13/0418—Constructional details
    • G09F13/0472—Traffic signs
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F13/00—Illuminated signs; Luminous advertising
    • G09F13/16—Signs formed of or incorporating reflecting elements or surfaces, e.g. warning signs having triangular or other geometrical shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2327/00—Polyvinylhalogenides
    • B32B2327/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2551/00—Optical elements

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A retro-reflective assembly comprises a layer of partially metallised glass beads (18) and/or metal reflective particles embedded in a substrate (10) or binder layer (14) on the substrate. A translucent cover (20) is joined to the substrate or binder layer by high frequency welding at locations where there are no metallised glass beads. <IMAGE>

Description

RETRO-REFLECTIVE ASSEMBLY This invention relates to retro-reflective assemblies and particularly, but not exclusively, retro-reflective assemblies for use with road signs, road safety furniture such as traffic cones, bollards, delineators, etc., clothing, patches for clothing and the like.
Many known retro-reflective assemblies comprise a substrate coated with a reflective layer, for example of metal such as aluminium, a binder layer on the reflective layer and a plurality of optical glass beads partially embedded in the binder layer so that the beads contact the reflective layer. The assembly is completed by a transparent or translucent cover over the beads which is usually separated from the beads by a small air gap. The cover layer is secured to underlying layers, at least around the edge. This is necessary in order to prevent rain water contacting the beads, the effect of which is to impair the reflective properties of the assembly and it appears black.
One of the most convenient methods of securing the cover layer to the rest of the assembly is by use of high frequency welding. With this method welding can be effected in a plurality of locations at the same time with a single head which is not possible with, for example, ultrasonic welding. However, the major disadvantage with high frequency welding of retroreflective assemblies is that welding must be effected where there is no metal reflective layer between the substrate and the cover. If high frequency welding is attempted at sites where the metal reflective layer is present or adjacent, shorting, arcing or minor explosion may result with possible consequent injury to the operator of the welding equipment and damage to the equipment itself and/or the item being welded.For this reason it has become the practice to limit or restrict the reflective layer coating on the substrate so that an uncoated border is provided around the edge to which the cover can be welded by high frequency welding. It is impossible for this border area to have any significant retro-reflective properties. As a result the area of the assembly at, or adjacent to, the points or areas which have been high frequency welded cannot achieve a high standard of retro-reflectivity of the kind stipulated by British Standard 873 on an edge to edge basis. This leads to a diminution of the overall assembly's retro-reflective target value. When a retro-reflective assembly is in the form of a cylindrical sleeve, for example for use as a bollard, the area of border having no retro-reflective properties can amount to as much as 20% of the total presented sleeve surface.
As already mentioned, if water penetrates between the cover and the-optical beads the assembly "blacks out" and loses its retro-reflective properties. It is desirable, therefore, to weld the cover to the rest of the assembly not just around the edges but at other locations thereby forming "pockets" so that if the cover is torn the retro-reflective properties of the assembly are only lost in the pocket area beneath the tear and not over the whole assembly. However, it will be appreciated that formation of such pockets by high frequency welding would require that the reflective layer should not be present at the places where the welding for pocket formation is effected in addition to the edge of the assembly so that the retro-reflective quality of the assembly would be even lower.
The present invention has been made in order to deal with these problems.
According to one aspect of the invention there is provided a retro-reflective assembly comprising a substrate, a layer of glass beads some or all of which are partially metallised and partially embedded in the substrate or a binder layer on the substrate, and a top cover which is transparent or translucent to light joined to the substrate or binder layer by high frequency welding at one or more locations where there are no metallised or partially metallised glass beads.
According to the another aspect of invention there is provided a retro-reflective assembly comprising a substrate, a layer of partially metallised glass beads and/or metal reflective particles some or all of which are partially embedded in the substrate or a binder layer on the substrate, and a top cover which is transparent or translucent to light joined to the substrate or binder layer by high frequency welding at one or more locations where there are no metallised glass beads or metal reflective particles.
Optical glass beads that are coated with metal over the surface embedded in the binder layer have much better retro-reflective properties than uncoated optical glass beads that are embedded in the binder and which contact a reflective layer or reflective metal particles in or under the binder layer. Thus by incorporating such coated beads into an assembly the retro-reflective standard can be increased even though the border area, or any other area where high frequency welding is applied does not make any significant contribution to retro-reflectivity.
In one embodiment of the invention the coated and uncoated optical glass beads are applied to the binder layer together in a mixture. In this way the proportion of coated to uncoated beads can be adjusted and the relative proportions maintained substantially uniform over the assembly. Such uniformity is not essential to the invention and the proportion of coated to uncoated beads can be greater or smaller as desired in different parts of the assembly.
The invention also enables cells or "pockets" to be formed by high frequency welding the cover to the rest of the assembly at appropriate locations, provided that neither reflective metal layer nor reflective metal particles in the binder layer are present at or adjacent the said locations. As already explained that would normally reduce the retro-reflectivity to an unacceptably low level. However, by including optical glass beads with a metal reflective coating at other locations the drop in retro-reflectivity can be made up.
The pockets can be of any shape. They may be discrete, adjacent one another or a combination of both discrete and adjacent.
It is a requirement for some retro-reflective assemblies, such as sleeves for road cones or bollards, that they should appear white in daylight (luminance) as well as be retro-reflective at night time. It is difficult to meet both of these two requirements. The enhanced retro-reflective properties imparted to the assembly by the reflective metal coated beads means that it is possible to increase the area or areas that appear white in daylight which areas may have poor retro-reflectivity whereas other areas have high reflectivity as a result of the presence of coated beads The result is to provide an assembly having, overall, both good luminance and retro-reflectivity, which can extend to the edge of the assembly.
The substrate and top cover may each be made up of one or more layers. The substrate may be provided with n adhesive backing suitable for joining the completed assembly to another surface. The substrate may be reinforced for example by woven or non-woven textiles.
The retro-reflective assembly may comprise one or more substantially rigid or flexible layers so that the assembly may be rigid, semi-rigid or flexible.
The top cover may be partially or wholly pigmented with one or more fluorescent or non-fluorescent colours.
Alternatively or additionally the top cover may be partially or wholly overprinted on either the inner or outer assembly surface. The layer of partially metallised beads may include other particles such as uncoated beads, sand or the like and preferably covers from 5% to 75% of the substrate surface area.
The assembly may form or be used in part or in totality in connection with a road sign, warning device, cone, bollard, protective clothing, belt, harness or other retro-reflective device, including utilitarian goods, fashion goods and accessories.
At the time of welding the top cover and substrate layers together, a tear seal may be created around at least part of the periphery of the assembly enabling a resultant smaller shaped assembly to be removed from a larger sheet of the assembly.
The binder layer when used in the assembly may be displaced at the point where the weld is effected to allow the substrate to weld to the top cover. The binder layer may be bonded at least in part to the cover and/or the base substrate as a result of the effect of high frequency energy acting on either or both the base substrate and/or the top cover. Furthermore, the binder layer may be reactive to high frequency radio energy so that the top cover and base substrate can be joined to each other via the high frequency activated binder layer irrespective of any response to high frequency radio energy of the top cover or substrate.
The binder layer may be discontinuous.
A specific embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing which is a transverse section through a retro-reflective assembly.
Referring to the drawing a retro-reflective assembly comprises a substrate 10 for example of polyvinyl chloride. The substrate can be rigid or flfble. A layer 12 of reflective metal, such as aluminium, is provided on the substrate. A binder layer 14 is coated over the reflective layer 12 and optical glass beads of two kinds 16, 18 are embedded in the binder layer. Uncoated optical glass beads 16 are embedded in the binder layer 14 so that they contact the reflective layer 12. The other type of optical glass beads 18 are coated with a reflective metal layer 19 over that part of the surface which is embedded in the binder layer 14. It is immaterial whether the coated beads 18 are in contact with the reflective layer 12 or not.
Preferably the uncoated beads are mixed in the desired proportion with beads that are completely coated with a reflective metal layer. The mixture of beads is applied to the binder layer. Subsequently the metal coating on the exposed parts of the coated beads is removed, for example by etching. This technique is well known and will, therefore, not be described further.
As can be seen in the drawing in the embodiment there illustrated the binder layer 14 extends over the part of the substrate where there is no metal reflective layer 12. This feature is optional as is also the provision of optical glass beads coated and/or uncoated on the part of the binder layer extending beyond the metal reflective layer 14.
A transparent cover 20 of plastics suitable for high frequency welding, for example of polyvinyl chloride, is laid over the optical glass beads and welded to the rest of the assembly at locations as at 22 where there is no reflective metal layer 12. It does not matter if there are beads 16 in the binder layer 14 where the cover 20 is welded to the rest of the assembly. Surprisingly it also does not affect the welding by high frequency if coated beads 18 are present in the binder layer 14 where the cover is welded to the rest of the assembly. This latter finding is quite remarkable having regard to the problems that arise if high frequency welding is attempted where there is a reflective metal layer 14.
The invention is not restricted to the above described embodiment and many variations and modifications are possible. For example the binder layer can be colourless or pigmented and can be opaque, transparent or translucent.

Claims (22)

1. A retro-reflective assembly comprising a substrate, a layer of glass beads some or all of which are partially metallised and partially embedded in the substrate or a binder layer on the substrate, and a top cover which is transparent or translucent to light joined to the substrate or binder layer by high frequency welding at one or more locations where there are no metallised or partially metallised glass beads.
2. A retro-reflective assembly comprising a substrate, a layer of partially metallised glass beads and/or metal reflective particles some or all of which are partially embedded in the substrate or a binder layer on the substrate, and. a top cover which is transparent or translucent to light joined to the substrate or binder layer by high frequency welding at one or more locations where there are no metallised glass beads or metal reflective particles.
3. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in Claims 1 or 2, wherein the substance and/or the top cover are made up individually of more than one layer.
4. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the substrate is provided with an adhesive backing suitable for joining the completed assembly to another surface.
5. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, which comprises at least one substantially rigid layer.
6. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any of Claims 1 to 4 which is flexible.
7. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the top cover is joined to the rest of the assembly so as to create one or more cells or pockets.
8. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the substrate is reinforced preferably by woven or non-woven textiles.
9. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the top cover is partially or wholly pigmented.
10. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in Claim 9, wherein the top cover is partially or wholly pigmented with one or more fluorescent colours.
11. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the top cover is partially or wholly overprinted on either the inner or outer surface.
12. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the layer of partially metallised beads includes other particles.
13. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the layer of partially metallised beads covers less than 75% of the surface area of the substrate.
14. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the layer of partially metallised glass beads covers more than 5% of the surface area of the substrate.
15. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim that forms or is used in part or in totality in connection with a road sign, warning device, cone, bollard, protective clothing, belt, harness or other retro-reflective device, including utilitarian goods, fashion goods and accessories.
16. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein at the-time of welding the top cover and substrate layers together, a tear seal is created around at least part of the periphery of the assembly enabling a resultant smaller shaped assembly to be removed from a larger sheet of the assembly.
17. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the binder layer is caused to be displaced at the point where the weld is effected to allow the said substrate to weld to the said top cover.
18. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the binder layer bonds at least in part to the said cover and/or base substrate as a result of the effect of high frequency energy acting on either or both the said base substrate and/or the top cover.
19. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the binder layer is reactive to high frequency radio energy, which enables the top cover and base substrate to be joined to each other via the high frequency activated binder layer irrespective of any response to high frequency radio energy of the said top cover or base substrate.
20. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the binder layer is discontinuous.
21. A retro-reflective assembly as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the retro-reflectivity extends to at least a part of the edge of the assembly.
22. A retro-reflective assembly substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
GB9207615A 1991-04-09 1992-04-08 Retro-reflective assembly Expired - Lifetime GB2255312B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB919107487A GB9107487D0 (en) 1991-04-09 1991-04-09 Retro-reflective assembly

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9207615D0 GB9207615D0 (en) 1992-05-27
GB2255312A true GB2255312A (en) 1992-11-04
GB2255312B GB2255312B (en) 1995-05-24

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GB919107487A Pending GB9107487D0 (en) 1991-04-09 1991-04-09 Retro-reflective assembly
GB9207615A Expired - Lifetime GB2255312B (en) 1991-04-09 1992-04-08 Retro-reflective assembly

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0824712A1 (en) 1995-05-11 1998-02-25 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Encapsulated lens retroreflective sheeting having thermoplastic polyurethane bonding layer
EP0978736A1 (en) * 1997-10-28 2000-02-09 Melba Products Limited Retro-reflective assemblies
WO2001029587A1 (en) * 1999-10-15 2001-04-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Article exhibiting dry and wet retroreflectivity
US6224792B1 (en) 1999-04-13 2001-05-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Cutting and edge sealing cellular retroreflective sheeting
US6247818B1 (en) 1998-10-20 2001-06-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for making retroreflective elements having enhanced retroreflectivity under dry and/or wet conditions
US6365262B1 (en) 1998-10-20 2002-04-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Pavement marking articles having enhanced retroreflectivity under dry or wet conditions and method for making same
EP1946157A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2008-07-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Semi-transparent retroreflective sheet and use thereof to make a backlit license plate

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB0602105D0 (en) 2006-02-02 2006-03-15 3M Innovative Properties Co License plate assembly

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2255044B (en) * 1991-03-28 1993-03-24 Swintex Retro-reflective assembly

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0824712A1 (en) 1995-05-11 1998-02-25 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Encapsulated lens retroreflective sheeting having thermoplastic polyurethane bonding layer
EP0978736A1 (en) * 1997-10-28 2000-02-09 Melba Products Limited Retro-reflective assemblies
US6247818B1 (en) 1998-10-20 2001-06-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Method for making retroreflective elements having enhanced retroreflectivity under dry and/or wet conditions
US6365262B1 (en) 1998-10-20 2002-04-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Pavement marking articles having enhanced retroreflectivity under dry or wet conditions and method for making same
US6224792B1 (en) 1999-04-13 2001-05-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Cutting and edge sealing cellular retroreflective sheeting
WO2001029587A1 (en) * 1999-10-15 2001-04-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Article exhibiting dry and wet retroreflectivity
JP2003512643A (en) * 1999-10-15 2003-04-02 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー Articles exhibiting dry and wet retroreflectivity
US6966660B1 (en) 1999-10-15 2005-11-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Article exhibiting dry and wet retroreflectivity
EP1946157A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2008-07-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Semi-transparent retroreflective sheet and use thereof to make a backlit license plate
EP1946157A4 (en) * 2005-12-21 2009-01-07 3M Innovative Properties Co Semi-transparent retroreflective sheet and use thereof to make a backlit license plate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2255312B (en) 1995-05-24
GB9207615D0 (en) 1992-05-27
GB9107487D0 (en) 1991-05-22

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729U Offer to surrender accepted by the comptroller (sect. 29/1977)