GB2253078A - Apparatus for the storage and playback of spoken messages - Google Patents
Apparatus for the storage and playback of spoken messages Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2253078A GB2253078A GB9103606A GB9103606A GB2253078A GB 2253078 A GB2253078 A GB 2253078A GB 9103606 A GB9103606 A GB 9103606A GB 9103606 A GB9103606 A GB 9103606A GB 2253078 A GB2253078 A GB 2253078A
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- message
- playback
- control logic
- storage
- sequence
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- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000000044 Amnesia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000026139 Memory disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012217 deletion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037430 deletion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C7/00—Arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
- G11C7/16—Storage of analogue signals in digital stores using an arrangement comprising analogue/digital [A/D] converters, digital memories and digital/analogue [D/A] converters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/16—Sound input; Sound output
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to arrangements for writing information into, or reading information out from, a digital store
- G11C2207/16—Solid state audio
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Signal Processing For Digital Recording And Reproducing (AREA)
Abstract
An apparatus for the storage and playback of spoken messages has a solid state memory (RAM 32) for the storage of a sequence of recorded messages. Control logic defines a sequence of message slots in the solid state memory, each message slot being for a respective recorded message. The control logic is responsive to selective user operation of buttons (22, 24, 26) to replay previous, current or next message or (combinations of buttons) reset to first message slot, overwrite current message or overwrite next message. <IMAGE>
Description
APPARATUS FOR THE STORAGE AND PLAYBACK OF SPOKEN MESSAGES
This invention relates to apparatus for the storage and playback of spoken messages.
A conventional pocket tape dictation machine provides a means for storage and playback of spoken messages. Such tape machines are usually used for the storage of longer passages such as letters or memoranda. Such a machine can also be used for the storage of a sequence of shorter instructions, for example, for giving a sequence of instructions for navigating during a car journey, or for setting out a list of items such as a shopping list or action list. However, a conventional dictation machine is not ideally suited for the storage of a sequence of instructions where it is necessary to move from one instruction to another within the sequence. This is because of the difficulty of indexing locations within the tape. Some tape machines provide an indexing facility by detecting the spaces between tracks.
Cue and Review facilities are also known whereby the spoken material on the tape can be heard in a fast wind mode. However, these facilities all require a high degree of user interaction in order to determine the appropriate location for playback. These problems are particularly acute where the messages to be stored are relatively short.
The object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for the storage and playback of spoken messages which is particularly adapted to the storage of a sequence of messages such that individual messages within the sequence may easily be selected and played back.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided a storage/playback apparatus for the storage and playback of spoken messages, the apparatus comprising a solid state memory for the storage of a sequence of recorded messages, control logic defining a sequence of message slots in the solid state memory, each message slot being for a respective recorded message, and user operable means for selecting a current message, or an alternative message within the sequence having a predetermined relationship to the current message, the control logic being responsive to the user selection to access the selected message for playback.
The use of a solid state memory, such as a random access memory, for the storage of the sequence of recorded messages, facilitates the playback of individual messages within a sequence for permitting the possibility of shuttling between messages or repeating messages without an undue time delay. By using a solid state memory, the power consumption of a storage/playback apparatus in accordance with the invention is significantly less than would be the case for a tape based apparatus.
Preferably the message slots defined by the control logic are of variable length. This enables efficient use to be made of the solid state memory. To further enhance the efficient use of the solid state memory, the apparatus preferably comprises compression/decompression logic for compressing spoken messages for storage in the solid state memory in compressed form and for decompressing messages for playback.
The apparatus advantageously includes an integral amplifier and loudspeaker for playback of the selected message. The apparatus can also include an integral microphone for the recording of the spoken messages. In a preferred embodiment a dual-function loudspeaker/microphone is provided with circuitry for selecting the mode of operation.
For controlling the apparatus, the user operable means preferably comprises a plurality of switches, operation of a first switch selecting playback of the current message and operation of an alternative switch causing playback of the alternative message In a preferred example of the invention the alternative message is the next message within the sequence.
A third switch may be provided, the operation of which causes playback of the previous message in the sequence. The combination of the three switches provides a particularly advantageous arrangement enabling an individual message to be repeated at will and for facilitating stepping in either direction through the sequence of messages.
Preferably the apparatus is operable in a default low power wait mode in which the control logic samples the state of the switches to detect user operation thereof, the control logic causing the apparatus to power up on user operation of one or more switches to process the user selection, the control logic powering down the apparatus into the low power wait mode on completion of the processing of the user selections. In a preferred embodiment, the apparatus is in the form of a battery powered portable record/playback device.
A particular example of the present invention will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of an example of storage/playback apparatus in accordance with the invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram showing elements of the apparatus of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a flow diagram illustrating part of the logic of the apparatus of Figure 1; and
Figure 4 is a data structure for the storage of messages.
Figure 1 is an isometric view of storage/playback apparatus for the storage and playback of spoken messages. The apparatus of Figure 1 comprises a portable pocket sized housing 10 provided with a clip 12.
The housing is approximately 12.5cm high, 6.25cm wide and 1.25cm thick.
A cover 14 is provided for a battery compartment (not shown) which is sized to receive three AAA type batteries. The housing 10 also comprises apertures 16 for sound to pass from/to an internal speaker/microphone (not shown). LED indicator lights 18 and 20 provide an indication of the current operating mode of the apparatus as will be described later. Switch buttons 22, 24 and 26 are used for controlling operation of the apparatus as will be described later.
Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram illustrating elements of the apparatus of Figure 1. The control processor 28 is responsive to user operation of the control switches 22, 24 and 26 to control the overall operation of the apparatus. To this end control programs determining the operation of the control processor 28 are stored in the
ROM 30.
The control processor 28 can be a conventional, commercially available microprocessor. Spoken messages are stored in a Random
Access Memory (RAM) 32. A speech compression/decompression processor 34 is provided for compressing speech waveforms for storage in the RAM 32 and for decompressing stored speech for regenerating speech waveforms on playback. The speech processor 34 can be a commercially available speech processor providing speech compress ion/decompress ion.
A speaker/microphone 42 operates during recording as a microphone and during playback as a loudspeaker. The mode of operation of the speaker/microphone 42 is determined by a select circuit 40 under control of the control processor 28. During recording, analog speech wave forms detected by the speaker/microphone 42 are converted in an analog to digital convertor 44 for storage in the RAM 32. Before storage, the speech waveforms are compressed by the speech processor 34. The recorded waveforms are stored in digital form in the RAM 32.
During playback the digitally recorded messages in the RAM 32 are decompressed by the speech processor 34. The decompressed digital information is then converted to analog form by the digital to analog converter 36. The analog signal is then amplified by a power amplifier 38. The amplified signal is passed via the select circuit 40 to the loudspeaker 42. The LED indicators 18 and 20 provide an indication of the current operating mode of the apparatus. The power consuming elements in Figure 2 receive power from the battery power supply, which is not illustrated for reasons of clarity in Figure 2.
Figure 3 is an overview showing the operation of the control logic of the apparatus in response to operation of the switch buttons 22, 24 and 26. The control logic is, in this embodiment of the invention, provided by control programs stored in the Read Only Memory (ROM) 30.
Table 1 below summarises the significance of the operation of the switch buttons 22, 24 and 26 in this embodiment of the invention.
SWITCH OPERATION RESULTING FUNCTION 22 Replay previous message 24 Replay current message 26 Replay next message 22 & 26 Reset to first message slot 22 & 4 Overwrite current message 24 & 26 Overwrite next message 22 & 24 & 26 Invalid - no action
TABLE 1
In order to conserve power the apparatus has a default low power mode in which only essential circuitry is activated. Accordingly, the control logic includes logic 50 for detecting whether one or more of the switches 22, 24 or 26 is being operated by a user. The circuity which is constantly activated is that which is required to detect the operation of a switch. This logic cycles until the operation of one or more of said switches has been detected at which time the control logic causes the remaining circuity of the apparatus to be powered up 52.
If the control logic 54 determines that only one switch has been depressed, the control logic then determines which switch this is. If the control logic 56 determines that switch 26 has been depressed.
(next message to be replayed), the control logic 58 increments a current message pointer. If the control logic 60 determines that switch 22 has been depressed (previous message to be replayed), the control logic 62 decrements the current message pointer. If, as a consequence of the above, the control logic determines that the switch 24 is the single switch which has been depressed (current message to be replayed), then the current message pointer is not changed. The control logic 62 then causes playback of the current message.
Following playback of the current message the control logic 64 powers down the circuitry of the apparatus.
If the control logic 54 determines that a plurality of switches have been depressed, tests are performed to see which combination of switches this is. If the control logic 68 determines that switches 22 and 26, but not switch 24, have been depressed (return to first message), the control logic 70 resets the current message pointer to the head of the sequence of messages and causes the loudspeaker 42 to emit a bleep confirming selection of this operation. The control logic 66 then powers down the circuitry of the apparatus. If the control logic 72 detects that the switches 22 and 24, but not switch 26, have been depressed (overwrite/record current message), the control logic 74 allows the current message to be overwritten. On releasing those switches, or at the end of a predetermined time out period (eg. 60 seconds), the control logic 66 powers down the circuitry of the apparatus.If the control logic 76 determines that switches 24 and 26, but not switch 22, have been depressed (overwrite/record next message), control logic 78 increments the current message pointer. The control logic 74 then permits the current message (i.e. the message pointed to following the incrementation of the current message pointer) to be overwritten. On releasing those switches, or at the end of the predetermined time-out interval, the control logic 66 then powers down the circuitry of the apparatus. If, as a result of the tests by the logic 54, 68, 72 and 76, it is determined that all three switches have been depressed, this being an invalid combination of switches in this embodiment of the invention, the control logic 66 powers down the circuitry of the apparatus.
The control logic for detecting the operations of the buttons and the mechanical arrangement of those buttons, is, in accordance with conventional practice, designed to minimise the possibility of activation in response to accidental momentary pressing of the switches and to eliminate the effects of contact bounce.
Thus, the selection and recording of new messages is achieved in response to the operation of a combination of switches for the duration of the required recording period. The message will be terminated as the switches are released. In the present embodiment the maximum length for all messages is set at a total of 60 seconds, although it will be appreciated that another maximum record-time could be chosen.
Minimum and maximum operation and release times are designed to prevent ambiguities resulting from poor synchronisation of button combinations.
Figure 4 illustrates a possible data structure for the storage of messages in the RAM 32. Consecutive messages are stored in a sequence of message slots, MO, M1, M2, etc. Each message slot contains a respective message. The total length of all messages can be up to a maximum of 60 seconds of compressed speech. For accessing the messages in the memory 32, the control processor 28 maintains a current message pointer C and a table T of table pointers TP. The current message pointer points a table pointer TP which in turn points to a location in the RAM 32 for the current message. In Figure 4, the current message pointer C points to the table pointer TP3 which points to the current message M3 in the RAM 32. The table T can be stored at reserved locations in the RAM 32, although it could equally be implemented as a separate hardware table.The current message pointer is preferably held in a reserved processor register.
During playback of the messages, if the current message is to be played back as indicated by user operation of the switch 24, the control logic uses the pointer C to access a table pointer (TP3 in
Figure 4) to the current message (M3) for playback. This means that the message M3 is played back for the situation shown in Figure 4. The control logic, in response to the operation of switch 26 indicating that the next message is to be replayed, will increment the current message pointer C to point to the next table pointer (MP4) in the table
T. The message M4 is then replayed. A similar sequence of steps is performed when the switch 26 is operated by the user to enable the playback of the previous message in the sequence. Thus starting from the situation in Figure 4, where the current message pointer C points to the table pointer TP3, operation of the switch 22 causes the control logic to decrement the current message pointer register C so that it points to the table pointer TP2. The message, M2, pointed to by the table pointer TP2 is then replayed. If the current message pointer is to be reset, indicated by the operation of switches 22 and 26, but not 24, the control logic causes the current message pointer to be reset to the first table pointer TPO which permanently points to the start of the message sequence in the RAM 32. The operation of switches 22 and 24, but not 26, will cause the overwriting of the message currently pointed to the current message pointer C.On termination of the recording of the current message the address of the next available storage location in the RAM 32 is stored in the next table pointer location in the table T. Operation of switches 24 and 26, but not 22, will cause the current message pointer C to be incremented. The new message is then recorded starting at the location pointed to by the table pointer TP identified by C, following the incrementing thereof.
On termination of the recording, the next available recording location in the RAM 32 is stored in the next table pointer location in the table
T.
Figure 5 illustrates an alternative data structure for the storage of messages in the RAM 32. Here, the control processor 28 maintains a pointer to a current message C. In Figure 6, the current message is message M3. The messages themselves are held in the RAM in a doubly linked list of variable length records R1-R5. Each record comprises a backward pointer field B1-B5, a message field M1-M5 and a forward pointer field F1-F5. The backward pointer field B1 of the first record R1 contains a code, S, indicating that this is the first record in the sequence. The backward pointer fields B2-B5 of the remaining records R2-R5, contain a backward pointer P1-P4 to the preceding records R1-R4, respectively, in the sequence. The forward pointer field F5 of the last record R5 in the sequence contains a code,
E, indicating that this is the last record in the sequence.The forward pointer fields F1-F4 in the remaining records R1-R4 each contain a pointer N2-N5 to the next record R2-R5, respectively, in the sequence.
During playback of the messages, if the current message is to be played back as indicated by user operation of the switch 24, the control logic uses the current message pointer C to access the current message for playback. In the case of Figure 6, for example, this will mean that the message M3 is played back. The control logic, in response to the operation of switch 22 indicating that the next message is to be replayed, will also use the contents of the current message pointer C to access the current message record R3. However, in this case the control logic uses the contents of the forward pointer field
F3 to determine the address of the following message record R4. The content of the forward pointer F3 is then copied to the current message pointer C so that the message M4 in the record R4 becomes the current message. This message is then replayed.A similar process is performed when the switch 26 is operated by the user to enable the playback of the previous message in the sequence using the contents of the backward pointer fields.
The data structure shown in Figure 6 provides a mechanism for the addition and deletion of messages within the sequence by adjustment of the appropriate pointers, giving a particularly flexible use of memory.
Conventional garbage collection algorithms can be used to tidy up the organisation of the memory.
The various operating modes of the apparatus are indicated in the following manner. When the instrument is in a recording mode a red LED indicator 18 is illuminated. When the apparatus is playing back a green LED 20 is illuminated. During the last five seconds or so of available recording time (i.e. when the memory is nearly full) the control logic causes the red LED 18 to flash.
As mentioned above, an audible bleep can be to acknowledge selection of the return to start operation (i.e. switches 22 and 26).
When the battery is low the control logic causes the green LED 20 to flash during playback and/or recording. Power back-up can be provided to retain memory per period (eg. 60 seconds) to allow the batteries to be changed without memory loss.
There has been described a storage/playback apparatus in the form of a battery powered, portable record/playback device. The use of a solid state Random Access Memory and a combination of three buttons provide a particularly advantageous arrangement for the storage and recall of a sequence of messages.
It will be appreciated that the invention is not limited to the specific example described, and that many modifications and/or additions are possible to what has been described.
For example it should be noted that Figure 2 is a schematic diagram. The control processor and/or the speech processor need not be configured as separate units, but could be implemented in the form of a customised special purpose processor using appropriate circuit technology. Likewise, the A to D convertor and/or the D to A convertor could also form part of a custom processor, indeed at least a substantial part of the circuitry could be implemented as one integrated device, or a small number of such devices.
If required a separate on-off switch could be provided.
Although particular examples of data structures have been described with reference to Figures 4 and 5, other data structures could be used.
For example, although it is preferred that the message slots are of variable length to make efficient use of the RAM 32, the message slots in the memory could be of fixed length (eg. to accomodate 12 slots of 5 seconds of compressed speech each), with the slots being filled to varying degrees. In such a case, a simplified addressing structure could be provided. For example, the current address pointer
C could be used to address the message slots in the RAM directly, with a fixed memory offset for each message. The storage/playback device could be provided with interchangeable solid state memories, allowing sequences of instructions to be pre-recorded.
Although the invention is particularly adapted to a compact, battery powered portable device, it could be implemented, for example, as an integral part of a motor vehicle, or as a motor vehicle accessory.
Claims (12)
1. Storage/playback apparatus for the storage and playback of spoken messages, the apparatus comprising a solid state memory for the storage of a sequence of recorded messages, control logic defining a sequence of message slots in the solid state memory, each message slot being for a respective recorded message, and user operable means for selecting a current message, or an alternative message within the sequence having a predetermined relationship to the current message, the control logic being responsive to the user selection to access the selected message for playback.
2. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the message slots defined by the control logic are of variable length.
3. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2 comprising compression/decompression logic for compressing spoken messages for storage in the solid state memory in compressed form and for decompressing messages for playback.
4. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding Claim comprising an integral amplifier and loudspeaker for playback of the selected message.
5. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding Claim comprising an integral microphone for recording spoken messages.
6. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 3 comprising a dual-function loudspeaker/microphone.
7. Apparatus as claimed in any preceding Claim wherein the user operable means comprises a plurality of switches, operation of a first switch selecting playback of the current message, operation of an alternative switch causing playback of the alternative message.
8. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 7, wherein the alternative message is the next message within the sequence.
9. Apparatus as claimed in Claim 8 comprising a third switch, operation of the third switch causing playback of the previous message in the sequence.
10. Apparatus as claimed in any one of Claims 7, 8 or 9 being operable in a default low power wait mode in which the control logic samples the state of the switches to detect user operation thereof, the control logic causing the apparatus to power up on user operation of one or more switches to process the user selection, the control logic powering down the apparatus into the low power wait mode on completion of the processing of the user selection.
11. Apparatus as claimed in any one of the preceding Claims in the form of a battery powered, portable record/playback device.
12. Storage/playback apparatus for the storage and playback of spoken messages substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1 to 4 or with reference to Figures 1 to 3 and 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9103606A GB2253078A (en) | 1991-02-21 | 1991-02-21 | Apparatus for the storage and playback of spoken messages |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9103606A GB2253078A (en) | 1991-02-21 | 1991-02-21 | Apparatus for the storage and playback of spoken messages |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9103606D0 GB9103606D0 (en) | 1991-04-10 |
| GB2253078A true GB2253078A (en) | 1992-08-26 |
Family
ID=10690320
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9103606A Withdrawn GB2253078A (en) | 1991-02-21 | 1991-02-21 | Apparatus for the storage and playback of spoken messages |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2253078A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0664545A2 (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1995-07-26 | Information Storage Devices, Inc. | Message management methods and apparatus |
| WO1997043765A1 (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 1997-11-20 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Audio storing and reproducing apparatus |
| WO1997045839A1 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1997-12-04 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Data storage device |
| WO1998008223A1 (en) * | 1996-08-21 | 1998-02-26 | Grundig Ag | Process and circuit arrangement for storing dictations in a digital dictating machine |
| WO1999043003A1 (en) * | 1998-02-23 | 1999-08-26 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Multi-level data through a single input/output pin |
| GB2393562A (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-03-31 | Marco Pelloni | Audio communication line identifier |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4391530A (en) * | 1979-09-27 | 1983-07-05 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Electronic timepiece |
| EP0165604A2 (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1985-12-27 | Casio Computer Company Limited | Recording/reproducing apparatus including a digital memory device |
-
1991
- 1991-02-21 GB GB9103606A patent/GB2253078A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4391530A (en) * | 1979-09-27 | 1983-07-05 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Electronic timepiece |
| EP0165604A2 (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1985-12-27 | Casio Computer Company Limited | Recording/reproducing apparatus including a digital memory device |
Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0664545A3 (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1997-05-02 | Information Storage Devices | Message management methods and apparatus. |
| EP0664545A2 (en) * | 1994-01-25 | 1995-07-26 | Information Storage Devices, Inc. | Message management methods and apparatus |
| WO1997043765A1 (en) * | 1996-05-16 | 1997-11-20 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Audio storing and reproducing apparatus |
| US6278900B1 (en) | 1996-05-16 | 2001-08-21 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Audio storing and reproducing apparatus |
| KR100290814B1 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 2001-06-01 | 가시오 가즈오 | Data storage |
| WO1997045839A1 (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 1997-12-04 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Data storage device |
| US6145060A (en) * | 1996-05-30 | 2000-11-07 | Casio Computer Co., Ltd. | Data storage device with only internal addressing |
| US6275804B1 (en) | 1996-08-21 | 2001-08-14 | Grundig Ag | Process and circuit arrangement for storing dictations in a digital dictating machine |
| WO1998008223A1 (en) * | 1996-08-21 | 1998-02-26 | Grundig Ag | Process and circuit arrangement for storing dictations in a digital dictating machine |
| WO1999043003A1 (en) * | 1998-02-23 | 1999-08-26 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Multi-level data through a single input/output pin |
| US6307800B1 (en) | 1998-02-23 | 2001-10-23 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Circuits and method for multi-level data through a single input/output pin |
| US6515915B2 (en) | 1998-02-23 | 2003-02-04 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Circuits and methods for outputting multi-level data through a single input/output pin |
| US6519190B2 (en) | 1998-02-23 | 2003-02-11 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Circuits and methods for inputting multi-level data through a single input/output pin |
| US6525958B2 (en) | 1998-02-23 | 2003-02-25 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Circuits and methods for compressing multi-level data through a single input/output pin |
| GB2393562A (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2004-03-31 | Marco Pelloni | Audio communication line identifier |
| GB2393562B (en) * | 2002-09-10 | 2005-10-05 | Marco Pelloni | Audio Line Identification Unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9103606D0 (en) | 1991-04-10 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| WAP | Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1) |