GB2240997A - Strand or rope product of composite rods - Google Patents
Strand or rope product of composite rods Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2240997A GB2240997A GB9003710A GB9003710A GB2240997A GB 2240997 A GB2240997 A GB 2240997A GB 9003710 A GB9003710 A GB 9003710A GB 9003710 A GB9003710 A GB 9003710A GB 2240997 A GB2240997 A GB 2240997A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- rods
- rod
- product
- fibres
- strand
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title description 8
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920002430 Fibre-reinforced plastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006103 Verton® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/02—Ropes built-up from fibrous or filamentary material, e.g. of vegetable origin, of animal origin, regenerated cellulose, plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B29D99/0046—Producing rods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/06—Rods, e.g. connecting rods, rails, stakes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
- D07B2201/2014—Compound wires or compound filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2207/00—Rope or cable making machines
- D07B2207/40—Machine components
- D07B2207/404—Heat treating devices; Corresponding methods
- D07B2207/4059—Heat treating devices; Corresponding methods to soften the filler material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
- D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
- D07B2401/2015—Killing or avoiding twist
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
Abstract
The product comprises a multiplicity of fibre-reinforced plastics rods extending helically, each rod being substantially free from residual bending stress. The rods are bent while plastically deformable due to heating immediately prior to or during bending, thereby preventing failure of the reinforcing fibres. The rods are uniaxially reinforced, and in a section of the rod, fibre lengths are proportional to the radii of curvature of fibres in the rod. The plastics may be a thermoplastic. Each rod may have a coating which resists heat and/or friction and/or adhesion. The rods may be tensioned during bending.
Description
STRAND OR ROPE PRODUCT OF COMPOSITE RODS
This invention relates to strand and rope products comprising a multiplicity of helically extending rods of composite materia i.e. fibre-reinforced plastics material.
Whereas techniques and equipment (GB-A-2 152 089 and
Gb-A-2 145 128) exist for the manufacture of long-lay strands from rods of high strength composite material, the resultant products are necessarily limited to structural applications because of the long lay length.
These techniques cannot presently be applied to shorter lay strands and ropes without exceeding the strain limit of the composite material and causing substantial damage to the rods.
The present invention provides a strand or rope product comprising a multiplicity of rods extending helically, each said rod comprising a matrix of plastics material reinforced by fibres, characterised in that each said rod is substantially free from residual bending stress in the absence of stress applied externally to the product.
Preferably the rod is uniaxially reinforced, i.e. the fibres are substantially orientated in the axial direction of the rod.
The fibres preferably occupy 50 to 80% (typically 65%) of the total volume of the rod.
Such a product can be produced, according to the invention, by a method of manufacturing a strand or rope product, comprising the steps of providing a multiplicity of rods comprising a matrix of plastics material reinforced by fibres, and forming the rods into a strand or rope product in which the rods extend helically, the forming step including subjecting each rod to bending, characterised by heating the rods in such a manner that the matrix material undergoes plastic deformation during bending.
Preferred and optional features are set forth in the sub-claims.
The invention will now be described further, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a diagram of an elemental section of a bent rod forming part of a strand or rope product;
Figure-2 is a diagrammatic cross-section of a bent rod forming part of a strand or rope product;
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic cross-section of a strand rope product.
We have devised a method of strain relief which permits composite materials to be deformed beyond their normal strain limit so that strand and rope products 1, 2 (Figs. 2 and 3) can be manufactured therefrom at much shorter lays than was previously possible. This can be achieved by elevating the temperature of the composite rods 3 immediately prior to and/or during the bending to soften the matrix material. This technique is applicable to any composite rods constructed from thermoplastic matrix materials. Simultaneously with softening of the matrix a controlled bending is introduced into the rods consistent with the helical curvature of the end product. This bending operation may thus precede the stranding or rope-closing operation or be carried out concurrently.
The bending operation may be advantageously accompanied by a controlled application of tension to the rods during the bending operation, to ensure that the fibres on the inside of the bend do not go into compression and suffer kinks. Also for rods comprised of uniaxial reinforcing fibres (e. g. of aramid, carbon, or glass), the plane of bending may be beneficially rotated about the axis of the rods to ensure a uniform distribution of the strains due to bending. Alternatively the uniform distribution of strain may be achieved by introducing an a helical lay into the reinforcing fibres of the rods prior to or during their manufacture, or by using discontinuous reinforcing fibres, such as those offered by "Verton" (Registered Trade Mark of ICI) long fibre reinforcement.
The purpose of the hot-forming process is to impart a permanent helical shape to the rods and thereby substantially relieve the residual stresses that would otherwise result from the forming operation (i.e. at ambient temperature). This objective may also be expressed in terms of the disposition of the reinforcing fibres 4 within the helical rods 3, by considering an elemental length of rod between two planes normal to its axis, as shown diagrammatically in Figure 1, which shows a section through the rod in the plane of bending. The neutral axis AB of the rod, which has a radius of curvature R, remains unchanged in length when the rod is bent but fibres remote from the neutral axis will assume a different length, depending on their radial distance from the neutral axis.The extremes of this effect are represented by the inner and outer most fibres where if
r is the radius of the rod;
Length of neutral axis (AB) = RtE Outer-most fibre length = (R+r)8 Inner-most fibre length = (R-r)AO Therefore in a properly formed rod the length of fibre in an elemental section should be directly proportional to its radius of curvature. If this condition is not achieved there will be in-built strains in the fibres giving rise to residual stresses.
The rods 3 may also be sheathed or coated with a heat-resistant material (that is being able to withstand the temperature of the heating operation without melting), to prevent cohesion of adjacent rods during or immediately after the strand or rope forming process.
If this is also a low-friction material such a PTFE then it will serve the second purpose of reducing abrasive wear between the rods when the strand or rope product is worked.
The heating of the rods may be effected for example by exposure to radiant heating or by forced convection through a heated fluid. To facilitate the forming process the rods should be heated to a temperature above the softening point and below the crystalline melting point of the matrix material. For example, with polypropylene the Vicar softening point typically lies between 145-150-C, and the crystalline melting point is between 165-170*C, depending upon the exact grade of material employed.
With some materials it may even be desirable to exceed the melting point of the matrix locally in order to expedite the process. This will be particularly appropriate where large rod sizes are involved, having regard to the heat transfer rates through the material, and/or where the matrix material is enclosed within a high-temperature resistant coating.
If necessary, cooling (e.g. by forced convection or liquid spraying) is applied to the strand or rope product after the forming process.
Claims (11)
1. A strand or rope product comprising a multiplicity of rods extending helically, each said rod comprising a matrix of plastics material reinforced by fibres, characterised in that each said rod is substantially free from residual bending stress in the absence of stress applied externally to the product.
2. A product as claimed in claim 1, in which each said rod is uniaxially reinforced and in which, in an elemental section of the rod between planes normal to its axis, the section lengths of the fibres are proportional to their radii of curvature in the rod.
3. A product as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in which the matrix is a thermoplastic material.
4. A product as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the curvature of at least some of the helical rods is such that a similar straight rod bent at room temperature to the same curvature would suffer failure of at least some of its reinforcing fibres under the resulting bending strain.
5. A product as claimed in any preceding claim, in which each said rod has a sheath or coating which resists heat and/or friction and/or adhesion to a greater extent than the matrix material.
6. A method of manufacturing a strand or rope product, comprising the steps of. providing a multiplicity of rods comprising a matrix of plastics material reinforced by fibres, and forming the rods into a strand or rope product in which the rods extend helically, the forming step including subjecting each rod to bending, characterised by heating the rods in such a manner that the matrix material undergoes plastic deformation during bending
7. A method as claimed in claim 6, including subjecting the rods to tension during bending, so as to prevent compressive strain of the reinforcing fibres.
8. A method as claimed in claim 6 or 7, in which the rods are heated during bending.
9. A method as claimed in any of claims 6 to 8, in which the rods are heated immediately before being bent.
10. A method as claimed in any of claims 6 to 9, in which the heating is such tht the temperature of the rod during bending is between the softening point and the melting point of the matrix material.
11. A method as claimed in any of claims 6 to 9, in which the heating is such that part of the cross-section of the heated rod is at a temperature above the melting point of the matrix material.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9003710A GB2240997B (en) | 1990-02-19 | 1990-02-19 | Strand or rope product of composite rods |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9003710A GB2240997B (en) | 1990-02-19 | 1990-02-19 | Strand or rope product of composite rods |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
GB9003710D0 GB9003710D0 (en) | 1990-04-18 |
GB2240997A true GB2240997A (en) | 1991-08-21 |
GB2240997B GB2240997B (en) | 1993-09-15 |
Family
ID=10671241
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
GB9003710A Expired - Fee Related GB2240997B (en) | 1990-02-19 | 1990-02-19 | Strand or rope product of composite rods |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
GB (1) | GB2240997B (en) |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2192899A1 (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2003-10-16 | Talinco Composites S L | Reinforced plastics rigid yarn type cable consists of composite resistant material in a plastics matrix with a thermoplastics controlled flow point coating |
WO2011094146A1 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2011-08-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Stranded thermoplastic polymer composite cable, method of making and using same |
US9233486B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2016-01-12 | Ticona Llc | Die and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9278472B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2016-03-08 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section with upstream surface for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9283708B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-03-15 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9289936B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-03-22 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section of die for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9321073B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-04-26 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section of die for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9346222B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2016-05-24 | Ticona Llc | Die and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9409355B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-08-09 | Ticona Llc | System and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9410644B2 (en) | 2012-06-15 | 2016-08-09 | Ticona Llc | Subsea pipe section with reinforcement layer |
US9623437B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2017-04-18 | Ticona Llc | Die with flow diffusing gate passage and method for impregnating same fiber rovings |
US9624350B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2017-04-18 | Ticona Llc | Asymmetric fiber reinforced polymer tape |
US9659680B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2017-05-23 | Ticona Llc | Composite core for electrical transmission cables |
US9685257B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2017-06-20 | Southwire Company, Llc | Electrical transmission cables with composite cores |
US10336016B2 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2019-07-02 | Ticona Llc | Extruder and method for producing high fiber density resin structures |
US10676845B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2020-06-09 | Ticona Llc | Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic rod and pultrusion method for its manufacture |
US11118292B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2021-09-14 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section of die and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2454739A4 (en) | 2009-07-16 | 2015-09-16 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Submersible composite cable and methods |
BR112013025588A2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2016-12-27 | Ticona Llc | umbilical cable for use in underwater applications |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2152089A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1985-07-31 | Bridon Plc | Flexible tension members |
-
1990
- 1990-02-19 GB GB9003710A patent/GB2240997B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2152089A (en) * | 1983-12-20 | 1985-07-31 | Bridon Plc | Flexible tension members |
Cited By (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2192899A1 (en) * | 2000-05-11 | 2003-10-16 | Talinco Composites S L | Reinforced plastics rigid yarn type cable consists of composite resistant material in a plastics matrix with a thermoplastics controlled flow point coating |
WO2011094146A1 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2011-08-04 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Stranded thermoplastic polymer composite cable, method of making and using same |
CN102834876A (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2012-12-19 | 3M创新有限公司 | Stranded thermoplastic polymer composite cable, method of making and using same |
RU2548568C2 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2015-04-20 | 3М Инновейтив Пропертиз Компани | Stranded thermoplastic polymer composite cables, methods for production and use thereof |
US9346222B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2016-05-24 | Ticona Llc | Die and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
US11118292B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2021-09-14 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section of die and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
US10676845B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2020-06-09 | Ticona Llc | Continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic rod and pultrusion method for its manufacture |
US9685257B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2017-06-20 | Southwire Company, Llc | Electrical transmission cables with composite cores |
US9659680B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2017-05-23 | Ticona Llc | Composite core for electrical transmission cables |
US9278472B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2016-03-08 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section with upstream surface for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9522483B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2016-12-20 | Ticona Llc | Methods for impregnating fiber rovings with polymer resin |
US9623437B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2017-04-18 | Ticona Llc | Die with flow diffusing gate passage and method for impregnating same fiber rovings |
US9757874B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2017-09-12 | Ticona Llc | Die and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9233486B2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2016-01-12 | Ticona Llc | Die and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
US10336016B2 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2019-07-02 | Ticona Llc | Extruder and method for producing high fiber density resin structures |
US9409355B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-08-09 | Ticona Llc | System and method for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9624350B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2017-04-18 | Ticona Llc | Asymmetric fiber reinforced polymer tape |
US9321073B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-04-26 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section of die for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9289936B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-03-22 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section of die for impregnating fiber rovings |
US10022919B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2018-07-17 | Ticona Llc | Method for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9283708B2 (en) | 2011-12-09 | 2016-03-15 | Ticona Llc | Impregnation section for impregnating fiber rovings |
US9410644B2 (en) | 2012-06-15 | 2016-08-09 | Ticona Llc | Subsea pipe section with reinforcement layer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2240997B (en) | 1993-09-15 |
GB9003710D0 (en) | 1990-04-18 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19980219 |