GB2240731A - Method and apparatus for separating particulate plastics materials - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for separating particulate plastics materials Download PDF

Info

Publication number
GB2240731A
GB2240731A GB9102355A GB9102355A GB2240731A GB 2240731 A GB2240731 A GB 2240731A GB 9102355 A GB9102355 A GB 9102355A GB 9102355 A GB9102355 A GB 9102355A GB 2240731 A GB2240731 A GB 2240731A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
substrate
plastics material
rotatable member
hot air
particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
GB9102355A
Other versions
GB2240731B (en
GB9102355D0 (en
Inventor
Heinrich Buzga
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
REFAKE Anlagenbau GmbH
Original Assignee
REFAKE Anlagenbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by REFAKE Anlagenbau GmbH filed Critical REFAKE Anlagenbau GmbH
Publication of GB9102355D0 publication Critical patent/GB9102355D0/en
Publication of GB2240731A publication Critical patent/GB2240731A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of GB2240731B publication Critical patent/GB2240731B/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B13/00Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
    • B07B13/003Separation of articles by differences in their geometrical form or by difference in their physical properties, e.g. elasticity, compressibility, hardness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0203Separating plastics from plastics
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29BPREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0255Specific separating techniques using different melting or softening temperatures of the materials to be separated
    • B29B2017/0258Specific separating techniques using different melting or softening temperatures of the materials to be separated using heated surfaces for selective softening or melting of at least one plastic ingredient
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2025/00Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/06PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The dry particles are supplied (18) to a heated, moving substrate (2, 3, 4), to which the plastics material particles with the lower softening point adhere, and the particles with the higher softening point flow freely thereover and can be separated. After separation of these particles, the adhering particles are scraped by a scraper (20, 25, 29) from the substrate. The substrate can be one of a series of rolls (as shown) internally heated by hot air, or a continuous moving band also hot-air heated. The invention may be applied to separation of PVC from PET. <IMAGE>

Description

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING PARTICULATE PLASTICS MATERIALS The
invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating particulate plastics materials having 5 different softening points.
Such methods are used for recycling contaminated plastics materials, such as described in DE-PS-2525750.
The separation of particulate plastics materials having higher and lower specific weights as compared to a washing liquid is described in DE-PS-2804729. In this case, the separation occurs by a wet-sink method.
However, some plastics materials have specific weights which are so close to each other that a wetsink separation is not possible. Thus, for example, moulded plastics articles such as bottles, crates or the like which consist of polyester (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cannot be separated, since these materials have almost the same specific weight.
For separating such mixtures and other similar mixtures.. they are fed onto a conveyor belt and separated manually. Because of human error, a 100% separation is not possible. In order to reduce the errors, an x-ray method has been used. The rays can detect chlorine and thus can separate PVC from PET.
This method has the disadvantages of high cost and the disadvantage that the rays endanger personnel. Furthermore, 100% separation is not possible. If, for example, the articles are provided with sticky labels, then the rays cannot detect the plastics material so that it is treated lxke a material that does not contain chlorine. The object of the invention is to provide an apparatus and method by which particulate plastics materials can be separated reliably from each other. 35 According to the present invention, there is provided a method of separating particulate plastics 1 materials having different softening points, which method comprises placing the particulate plastics materlals-on a substrate whIch Is heated so that the plastics material with the lower softening point adheres to the'substrate while the other plastics material remains free, the plastics material that remains free being allowed to fall from the substrate and.the adhering plastics material being removed from the substrate.
The present invention also provides an apparatus for carrying out such a method comprising a rotatable member which is provided with one or more hot air nozzles; a feeding device above the rotatable member; and, below the horizontal axis of the rotatable member, a collecting device for collecting plastics material that falls from the rotatable member and a removal device for removing plastics material that adheres to the rotatable member.
By the method of the invention, the plastics material particles with the low softening point are plasticised slightly and as a result adhere to the surface of the substrate. This means that in the case of, for example, PVC particles and PET particles, the PVC particles stick and the PET particles can move freely. Thus the temperature of the substrate can be adjusted so that the plasticising point, known per se, is just achieved and as a result the material with this plasticising point can be scraped off from the substrate without difficulty after separation from the other materials.
In some instances, the PET particles can adhere to the substrate and the PVC particles can lie freely thereon, which latter particles are then collected together with the PET particles. In a further separating step, the remaining PVC particles can be separated.
1 J 1 In preferred embodiments, the rotatable member is a drum, or a band passing over guide rollers. These members can be heated, in a simple way, by hot air, infra-red radiation or the like, from within.
The invention is limited to the separation of PET and PVC particles. Thus, for example, other materials, such as polystyrene (PS), or a mixture of PVC and PS, can be separated from PET. Also, heat setting.
adhesives (i.e. hot melt adhesives) can be separated from PET.
Two advantageous embodiments of invention are represented, by way of example, in the drawings in which:
Figure 1 shows an apparatus consisting of three drums arranged one above another; and Figure 2 shows an apparatus consisting of a steel band passing over guide rollers.
Figure 1 shows a three-stage apparatus. However, a one-stage apparatus could be used, within the scope of the invention.
The separating devicel shown in Figure 1 consists of three drums 2, 3 and 4 which are located on shafts 5, 6 and 7 and rotated by drives 8, 9 and 10. In the interior of the drums 2 to 4, there are provided wide nozzles 11, 12 and 13 which are connected, by way of a common line 17 and lines 14, 15 and 16, to a hot air source. Above the upper drum 2, there is provided a feeding device 18 including an upstream silo 18, by way of which the cleaned and dried particulate plastics materials are placed onto the surface of the drum. The PVC particles 19 adhere, as a result of their softening, to the surface of the drum 2 and are scraped off by means of a scraper 20 of a removal device 21. Instead of the scraper 20, a rotating steep brush or the like can be used to remove the adhering PVC particles from the drum surface. The freely- flowing PET particles 22, possibly with the remaining PVC particles 19, fall into the collecting device 23. The scraper 20 and the device 23 lie below the axis 'W' of the drum 2. From the collecting device 23, the particles are fed, by a feeding device 24, to the drum 3, whereon the separation of the particles 19a and 22a occurs again by means of a scraper 25 of a removal device 26 and by means of a collecting device 27. A third separating process is carried out by means of the drum 4, the scraper 29 of the removal device 30 and the collecting device 31. Pure PET particles can be removed from the line 32.
In the separating apparatus 33 of Figure 2, instead of the three drums 2 to 4, a steel band 34, guided on guide rollers 35 and 36, is used. The guide rollers 35 and 36 are supported on shafts 37 and 38 which in turn are held in bearings 39 and 40. By means of a motor 41, the steel band 34 is driven in the direction of arrow 42. in the interior of the steel band 34, there is provided a hot air box 43 which is connected to a hot air line 44. In the upper part of the hot air box 43, there are air nozzles 45 for heating the steel band 34. Located in the region between the guide rollers 35 and 36 and above the steel band 34, there is a feeding device 46 including an upstream silo 46a, by means of which the cleaned and dried particulate plastics materials are placed on the steel band 34 in a thin layer. Below the axis "B", there are located, on the one hand, a collecting device 47 for the PET particles and-, on the other hand, a removal device 49, including a scraper 50, for the PVC particles 58. The apparatus 33 is supported, by means of supports 53 and 54, on two unbalanced vibrators 51 and 52. These vibrators are adjusted so that the'free PET particles 48 tend to move in the direction of arrow 59. The extent of vibration, and the position of the j 1 i apparatus 33 can be adjusted so that the PET particles move, in a predetermined trajectory, over the steel band 34. Accordingly, all of the PVC particles 58 contact the hot steel band 34 and adhere thereto. In other words, the separating apparatus 33 is operated so that PET particles only are removed in the collecting device 55. Thus, 100% separation of PET and PVC particles (or other materials) can be achieved - as a result of the various directions of movement of the 10 materials on the steel band 34.

Claims (16)

1. A method of separating particulate plastics materials having different softening points, which method comprises placing the particulate plastics materials on a substrate which is heated so that the plastics material with the lower softening point adheres to the substrate while the other plastics material remains free, the plastics material that remains free being allowed to fall from the substrate and the adhering plastics material being removed from the substrate.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the plastics material that has been allowed to fall from the substrate is then subjected to a method according to claim 1.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the substrate is a moving substrate.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the substrate moves along a closed path, and is heated from within the closed path.
5. A method according to claim 4, wherein the heating is effected by means of hot air or infrared radiation.
6. A method according to any of cl-aims 1 to 5, wherein one plastics material is PVC and the other plastics material is PET.
7. A method according to claim 1, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure 1 or Figure 2. 30
8. An apparatus for carrying out a method according to claim 1, comprising a rotatable member which is provided with one or more hot air nozzles; a feeding device above the rotatable member; and, below the horizontal axis of the rotatable member, a collecting device for collecting plastics material that falls from the rotatable member and a removal device i i for removing plastics materials, that adheres to the rotatable member.
9. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the rotatable device comprises a drum, and wherein the feeding device is arranged at the highest point of the drum.
10. An apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the or each hot air nozzle is connected to a line for supplying hot air.
11. An apparatus according to any of claims 8 to 10, wherein one or more heatable rotatable members are disposed downstream ofthe first mentioned rotatable member, and wherein the collecting device of the preceding rotatable member is connected to the feeding device of the subsequent rotatable member.
12. An apparatus according to claims 10 and 11, wherein the lines to the nozzles are connected to a common line for supplying hot air.
13. An apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the rotatable member is a band guided on guide rollers, and wherein the feeding device is arranged above the upper run of the band.
14. An apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the hot air nozzles are provided in the upper wall of a hot air box to which is connected a line for supplying hot air.
15. An apparatus according to claims 13 or 14, wherein the band is supported on one or more vibrators so that the plastics material particles that remain fee are able to be transported against the rotational direction of the band, wherein the collecting device is arranged at the end remote from the feeding device, and wherein the removal device is arranged on the other end of the band.
16. An apparatus according to claim 7, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference 1 1 to, and as shown in, Figure 1 or Figure 2.
1 1 1 i 1 i i i Published 1991 at The Patent Office. State House. 66171 High Holborn, UndonWC1R47P. Further copies may be obtained from Sales Branch. Unit 6. Nine Mile Point. Cwmrclinfach. Cross Keys. Newport. NP1 711Z. Printed by Multiplex techniques lid. St Mary Cray. Kent.
GB9102355A 1990-02-13 1991-02-04 Apparatus for separating particulate plastics materials Expired - Fee Related GB2240731B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19904004300 DE4004300A1 (en) 1990-02-13 1990-02-13 Sepn. of particulate plastic materials of different softening points - by feeding them to a heated moving substrate to which the lower softening point particles adhere, and from which they are then removed

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB9102355D0 GB9102355D0 (en) 1991-03-20
GB2240731A true GB2240731A (en) 1991-08-14
GB2240731B GB2240731B (en) 1993-09-29

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ID=6399987

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB9102355A Expired - Fee Related GB2240731B (en) 1990-02-13 1991-02-04 Apparatus for separating particulate plastics materials

Country Status (6)

Country Link
DE (1) DE4004300A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2027896A6 (en)
FR (1) FR2658113B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2240731B (en)
IT (1) IT1247833B (en)
NL (1) NL9002755A (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2687083A1 (en) * 1992-02-07 1993-08-13 Micronyl Wedco Method and device for sorting residual bodies made from PVC and PET and application to the sorting of a mixture of plastic bottles
WO1993017852A1 (en) * 1992-03-09 1993-09-16 Urban Stricker Process and devices for separating thermoplastic components from a mixed stream
FR2701221A1 (en) * 1993-02-05 1994-08-12 Micronyl Wedco Device for sorting a mixture of left-over hollow bodies made of PVC and of PET
WO1994020232A1 (en) 1993-03-03 1994-09-15 Evergreen Global Resources, Inc. Method of treating solid waste
DE19510923A1 (en) * 1995-03-24 1996-10-10 Wipag Polymertechnik Peter Wie Process for sepn. of mixed particles of composite materials e.g. plastic auto trim waste
NL1010258C2 (en) * 1998-10-06 2000-04-10 Plastic Herverwerking Brakel B Granule sorting process, especially for separating rubbery granules from plastic granules, comprises spreading the granule mixture over a heated, movable separation surface
GB2499632A (en) * 2012-02-23 2013-08-28 Nextek Ltd Separation of components of plastic
US9409318B2 (en) 2012-04-23 2016-08-09 Empire Technology Development Llc Methods and systems for collecting thermoplastic resins

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4202095C2 (en) * 1992-01-27 1994-11-03 Fleischhauer Rosa Emilia Methods and devices for the detection and processing of waste containing stretched plastics
DK0631537T3 (en) * 1992-01-27 1996-11-04 Urban Stricker Method and apparatus for collecting and treating waste containing stretched plastics
DE4220666C2 (en) * 1992-06-24 1995-02-09 Urban Dipl Ing Stricker Device for sorting thermoplastics from a batch flow
DE4302283A1 (en) * 1993-01-25 1994-07-28 Inst Umwelttechnologien Gmbh Sepg. and sorting plastic scrap and process equipment
EP1052021A1 (en) 1999-05-06 2000-11-15 von Deym, Carl-Ludwig, Graf Sorting/separating method and plant for recycling plastics
DE102006036027A1 (en) * 2006-08-02 2008-02-14 Universität Bremen Method for handling sheet material by localized heating to liquid state and applying grips and cooling
DE102010063601A1 (en) 2010-12-20 2012-06-21 Krones Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for separating foreign polymers from a polymer mixture

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JPS51103983A (en) * 1975-03-12 1976-09-14 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co
JPS51109084A (en) * 1975-03-22 1976-09-27 Kanagawa Prefecture Haikibutsuchuno netsukasoseipurasuchitsukuoshuruibetsunibunrui kaishusuruhoho oyobi sonosochi
JPS5314775A (en) * 1976-07-28 1978-02-09 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Method of sorting mixtures
JPS53129268A (en) * 1977-04-19 1978-11-11 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> Classification of mixture of paper and plastic
SU1284605A1 (en) * 1985-08-26 1987-01-23 Харьковское специальное конструкторско-технологическое бюро "Машприборпластик" Method and apparatus for separating loose materials
SU1310229A1 (en) * 1985-12-09 1987-05-15 Семипалатинский Технологический Институт Мясной И Молочной Промышленности Device for stripping polymeric material from backing

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WO1988000098A1 (en) * 1986-06-25 1988-01-14 Thimm Dorner Ute Process and device for separating a specific material component from a conglomerate, especially from domestic garbage
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JPS51103983A (en) * 1975-03-12 1976-09-14 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co
JPS51109084A (en) * 1975-03-22 1976-09-27 Kanagawa Prefecture Haikibutsuchuno netsukasoseipurasuchitsukuoshuruibetsunibunrui kaishusuruhoho oyobi sonosochi
JPS5314775A (en) * 1976-07-28 1978-02-09 Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Method of sorting mixtures
JPS53129268A (en) * 1977-04-19 1978-11-11 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> Classification of mixture of paper and plastic
SU1284605A1 (en) * 1985-08-26 1987-01-23 Харьковское специальное конструкторско-технологическое бюро "Машприборпластик" Method and apparatus for separating loose materials
SU1310229A1 (en) * 1985-12-09 1987-05-15 Семипалатинский Технологический Институт Мясной И Молочной Промышленности Device for stripping polymeric material from backing

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2687083A1 (en) * 1992-02-07 1993-08-13 Micronyl Wedco Method and device for sorting residual bodies made from PVC and PET and application to the sorting of a mixture of plastic bottles
US5590789A (en) * 1992-03-09 1997-01-07 Stricker; Urban Process and devices for sorting thermoplastic components from a mixed stream
WO1993017852A1 (en) * 1992-03-09 1993-09-16 Urban Stricker Process and devices for separating thermoplastic components from a mixed stream
FR2701221A1 (en) * 1993-02-05 1994-08-12 Micronyl Wedco Device for sorting a mixture of left-over hollow bodies made of PVC and of PET
WO1994020232A1 (en) 1993-03-03 1994-09-15 Evergreen Global Resources, Inc. Method of treating solid waste
EP0693979A1 (en) * 1993-03-03 1996-01-31 Evergreen Global Resources, Inc. Method of treating solid waste
EP0693979A4 (en) * 1993-03-03 1999-01-07 Evergreen Global Resources Inc Method of treating solid waste
DE19510923A1 (en) * 1995-03-24 1996-10-10 Wipag Polymertechnik Peter Wie Process for sepn. of mixed particles of composite materials e.g. plastic auto trim waste
DE19510923B4 (en) * 1995-03-24 2007-04-05 WIPAG Süd GmbH & Co. KG Method and device for separating a particle mixture resulting from the processing of composite parts into at least two particle fractions
NL1010258C2 (en) * 1998-10-06 2000-04-10 Plastic Herverwerking Brakel B Granule sorting process, especially for separating rubbery granules from plastic granules, comprises spreading the granule mixture over a heated, movable separation surface
GB2499632A (en) * 2012-02-23 2013-08-28 Nextek Ltd Separation of components of plastic
US20130231407A1 (en) * 2012-02-23 2013-09-05 Nextek Limited Separation of components of plastic
US8969425B2 (en) 2012-02-23 2015-03-03 Nextek Limited Separation of components of plastic
GB2499632B (en) * 2012-02-23 2017-07-05 Nextek Ltd Separation of components of plastic
US9409318B2 (en) 2012-04-23 2016-08-09 Empire Technology Development Llc Methods and systems for collecting thermoplastic resins

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2658113A1 (en) 1991-08-16
GB2240731B (en) 1993-09-29
ITMI910282A0 (en) 1991-02-05
DE4004300C2 (en) 1993-05-27
DE4004300A1 (en) 1991-08-14
NL9002755A (en) 1991-09-02
ES2027896A6 (en) 1992-06-16
GB9102355D0 (en) 1991-03-20
IT1247833B (en) 1995-01-02
ITMI910282A1 (en) 1992-08-05
FR2658113B1 (en) 1994-09-02

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PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19950204