GB2237028A - "Solid fuel from municipal plastic waste" - Google Patents
"Solid fuel from municipal plastic waste" Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2237028A GB2237028A GB9017228A GB9017228A GB2237028A GB 2237028 A GB2237028 A GB 2237028A GB 9017228 A GB9017228 A GB 9017228A GB 9017228 A GB9017228 A GB 9017228A GB 2237028 A GB2237028 A GB 2237028A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- solid fuel
- mixture
- materials
- wooden
- plastic waste
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011087 paperboard Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L5/00—Solid fuels
- C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
A solid fuel comprises a mixture of plastics, originating from municipal waste and wooden materials together with inert materials. The municipal plastic waste may be ground, mixed with wooden materials and undergo an extrusion process, whereby granules or continuous rods and bars are produced, subsequently out to the desired length. The solid fuel product is used in stoves and solid fuel burners.
Description
SPECIFICATION OF INVENTION TITLE: " Solid fuel from municipal plastic waste,
wooden and inert materials and method of
preparation of the same" THE FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of the art of exploitation of the plastics contained in municipal waste. In particular, herein is described a new method for the exploitation of the calorific value of such a mixture of plastic waste in the production of a new standardised solid fuel.
THE BACKROUND OF THE INVENTION The increased population mainly in large urban centres has resulted in the increased volume of municipal waste, the collection and disposal of which has already caused an acute economic and environmental problem.
By way of example in Greece, the average daily per capita amount of municipal waste is 850 gr. Making a special reference to Attica, the broader region around the capital of Greece, Athens, over a million tons of municipal waste are produced annually. The term solid municipal waste is used herein to describe domestic garbage which in accordance to the practice presently employed in Greek cities are disposed by means of sanitary landfill into the few official and the multifold (around 5,000) unofficial landfil sites or common usage areas. Relevant figures can be obtained from the following references:
- "Domestic garbage analysis in the Broader Athens
region", PERPA/Union of Municipalities of the
prefecture of Attica (1980).
- "Study for recycling plastic waste", Eastern Crete
Department of the Technical Chamber of Greece (1986).
- "Elaboration of Statistical data of the Experimental
Program-Sorting at the source", Union of Municipalities
of the prefecture of Attica (1987).
The analysis of the average percentage content of municipal waste in various materials, for the case of Athens is given in Table I below. These figures have been obtained from the "Domestic garbage analysis in the broader Athens region", PERPA/Union of Municipalities of the prefecture of
Attica (1980).
TABLE I Composition of Municipal waste in the broader Athensregi on Category Percentage Quantity (In tons)
C ~~lr~n,tnsl' Fermentable materials 59,80 630,000
Paper/cardboard 19,50 205,000
Plastics 7,00 73,000
Metals 3,80 40,000
Glasses 2,60 27,000
Cloth,Wood,leather,Rubber materials 3,45 36,000
Inert Materials 0,70 8,000
The continuous increase in the volume of the waste and the difficulty in allocating new sites for their disposal, obviously lead to the result that the presently used method of collection and disposal of the waste will not be sufficient to employ by itself indefinitely, but it must be combined with other methods basically aiming to the recycling of the whole or part of its constituents.Such proposals are made in "Packaging, Environment and Recycle: A scientific 20 assessment", L.L.Katan (Elsevier 1987).
It is of particular significance to develop methods and integrated systems for the recycling of plastic materials contained in municipal waste, for the following reasons:
- Plastic waste are hard to disintegrate, even those which are bio - or photo - degradable, this resulting to their piling up and occupying substantial space in the landfill sites.
- Plastic waste are a valuable and unexploited raw material both for the production of new products and for the production of energy.
It is for these abovementioned reasons that a very substantial effort is made nowadays for the development of new methods of collection (sorting at the source) and usage of plastic waste, as well as of developing new products where
plastic waste may be used as a raw material. Such ideas are by way of example contained in the following references:
- "Recycling of Plastics-International Technoeconomic
Report" - Vladimir M.Wolpert (1989), and
- "Research Program-Recycling of Plastic wastes - Summary
Projects 1-8", Verband Kunststofferzeugende Industrie
(1982).
A typical composition in a mixture of municipal plastic waste with regard to the constituent plastics is given in
Table II, below.
Table II. Typical composition of the mixture of plastics co ~ai~e~~i~~Mu~icipal~w~s~e Category Percentage (%)
Polyolefins 65
Polystyrene 14
Polyvinyl chloride 9
Polyethylene terephthalic ester (PET) 7
Other 5
The main difficulties encountered in exploiting the mixture of plastics contained in municipal waste are the following:
- Difficulty in cleaning and sorting the different constituent plastics. The cost of such sorting is so large,
that it could make the entire process economically unacceptable, if it necessitated sorting of clean materials.
The process of recovery of clean plastics may be advantageously employed if materials of a special category are collected, such as by way of example PET bottles or rural film.
- Employing of the mixture of plastics, without any prior treatment in the manufacturing of products as substitute to wood is rather limited because of the cost of the proposed plants and the relatively small consumption of such products.
- Combustion of the plastics or of mixtures of waste including plastics is'an important solution, yet it requires substantial investment in special combustion units.
- Usage at a percentage of between 5 and 8% of the mixtures of plastic waste in tarmacadams is an important application, which is presently in an experimental stage.
- Thermal decomposition of plastic mixtures in order to obtain liquid and gas fuels is a method, the employment of which would require large plants continously supplied with particularly extensive quantities of plastics.
The solution to the problem of plastics recycling will not receive a single answer in future. Depending on each particular case one or the other method of those presently proposed or those that might be proposed in future would be employed.
One of the most important ways of exploiting the mixtures of plastic waste is their combustion for the production of hot air, steam or electric energy.
The energy supplied from combustion of various plastics
is given in Table III below. The same Table provides comparative figures for conventional fuels. Finally, in Table
III the exhaust combustion gases are listed in each particular case.
Table III. Heat produced during combustion of plastics
and other combustible materials Material Combustion Exhaust Com
Heat (MJ/Kg) bustion gases
Polyethylene (PE) 43,3 CO*2H2O
Polypropylene (PP) 44,0 CO,HzO Polystyrene (PS) 40,0 CO2,H2O
Polyethylene terephthalic ester (PET) 31,4 CO2,H2O
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 18,0 CO2,H2O,HCl
Oil 42,2 CO2,HO (*)
Coal 29,0 CO2,HO (*) Lignite CO,HzO (*)
Wood 15,0-17,0 CO2,H2O (*) Paper Pulp 13,0-15,0 CO2H2O (*) (*) Including a smaller percentage of SOx and NOx
In Table III, one can see that combustion of plastics results to a production of heat corresponding to that of oil, whereas the exhaust combustion gases are the same as those produced during combustion of conventional conbustible materials (CO2 and H2O), with the exemption of PVC, combustion of which additionally produces acid gases (HCl).
Referring by way of example to the publication "Recycling of Plastics - International Technoeconomic Report"-Vladimir
M.Wolpert (1989)-, one finds that mixtures of municipal waste are already used as fuel in the production of thermal or electric energy. This process is both possible and economically advantageous when the mixture of waste is rich in combustible materials and especially plastics.
Plastic waste have not up today been used as combustible materials in themselves and in a domestic scale (stoves, fireplaces) or using burners of the type used to burn coal or other solid fuels. This is due to the following reasons:
- It is not possible to control and regulate combustion,
since it is not possible to feed with a homogeneous combustible material, as far as the thermal performance and specific volume is concerned.
- Stoves, fireplaces and solid fuel burners cannot accept materials which, prior to being burnt, melt and flow away from the fireplace.
A first object of the present invention is to effectively overcome these disadvantages and provide a new method for the exploitation of the thermal value of the plastic materials contained in municipal waste, where the proposed method
comprises manufacturing by means of a suitable procedure of standard pieces of solid fuel of a high thermal value.
A second object of the present invention is manufacturing of the abovementioned standardised solid fuel from plastic waste in suitable combination with wooden materials and a
small quantity of combustion regulatory materials, with the solid fuel having stable and controlable properties.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a model production plant of the proposed solid combustible material.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the proposed solid combustible material in a standardised shape and dimensions so as to offer reduced cost as well as to facilitate storage, transport and usage of the same.
A final object of the present invention is to provide a broad field of applications for the new combustible materials, based on plastic waste.
These and other objects, characteristics and advantages of the invention will be made apparent in the detailed description below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be made apparent to those skilled in the art from the attached drawings, wherein the invention is depicted in an illustrative manner.
Figure 1 shows a typical arrangement of a production unit for the proposed solid combustible material based on the plastics contained in municipal waste.
Figure 2 shows a perspective view of an illustrative rod of the solid combustible material of a cylindrical section, which is produced in accordance to the method of the invention.
Figure 3 shows a perspective view of an alternative
illustrative rod of the solid fossible material with a hexagonal section.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF TIlE INVENTION The various parts depicted in the drawings are enlisted below in an order corresponding to their reference numerals in the accompanying drawings:
1. Tank for loading the mixture of plastic waste.
2. Arrangement for the control and removal of PVC
materials.
3. Arrangement for grinding plastic materials.
4. Storage tank for the ground product.
5. Arrangement for mixing with wooden and inert
materials.
6. Extruder for the production of standardised rods of
solid fuel.
7. Typical cylindrical rod of the solid combustible
material produced.
8. Typical hexagonal bar of the produced solid
combustible material.
In accordance to the typical production unit depicted in the drawings, the method of production of the solid combustible material comprises the following stages:
Initially, a mixture of uncleaned plastic waste (collected in municipal buckets specially dedicated to this purpose) with a typical composition, as described in the above Table II is collected in tank I. The fermentable materials, metals, glasses, wood, leather, cloths, rubber, paper and PVC materials have been removed prior to collection in tank I. The mixture of plastic waste materials is therefrom fed into an arrangement 3, which comprises one or more grinding mills, where the mixture of plastics is ground into homogeneous granules and is subsequently transferred into the storage tank 4.
The plastic raw material collected within tank 4 is therefrom supplied to the arrangement 5, where it is mixed with wooden and inert materials, thereby obtaining the desirable composition of the fuel produced. The materials used in this mixing process with the plastics to produce the fossible raw material of the invention can be any wooden material available, such as sawdust, olive kernel extraction residue or various other agricultural cellulosic waste, etc.
A small percentage of inert, combustion regulatory materials is added to the mixture.
In accordance to a preferred, illustrative embodiment of the invention,the combustible material produced comprises an approximate one half of plastics mixture and an approximate other half of wooden and inert constituent materials. In
particular and in accordance to a typical embodiment of the invention, a mixture of plastics is used at a percentage of 55X, olive kernel extraction residue or other agricultural cellulosic waste at a percentage of 40% and inert additives at a percentage of 5%.
In accordance to a preferred, illustrative embodiment of the invention, prior to the eventual grinding of the mixture of plastics, those plastics which form acid combustion products have to be removed, i.e. PVC articles have to be removed. It is for this reason that the plastic materials discharged from the waste plastics mixture tank 1 are transferred, prior to the grinding arrangement 3, to an arrangement of control and removal of PVC articles. This arrangement 2 by means of which PVC materials are located and removed comprises in accordance to an illustrative preferred embodiment of the invention manual removal following a visual control during movement of the mixture of plastics onto a
conveyor belt of arrangement 2, whereas alternatively such control and removal may be carried out automatically by means of well known in the art separation techniques.
The ground plastics supplied from the storage tank 4 are mixed with wooden materials and inert additives into the mixing arrangement 5.
Part of the plastics and in particular plastics wherefrom
PVC has not been removed are used employing a suitable extrusion arrangement for the production of desired plastic articles (e.g.pipes or rods).
The mixture of plastics with wooden and inert materials produced in the arrangement 5 is used in two basic ways:
- Production of homogeneous granules straight after the mixing arrangement 5 or following passage through a suitable extruder, thereby being burnt in furnaces to produce thermal energy. In this way many applications may be advantageously carried out, such as by way of example rural applications (drying of agricultural products, heating of greenhouses, etc.), but urban applications as well, such as remote heating of groups of buildings, etc.
- Production in accordance to the depicted preferred embodiment of the invention of standardised pieces of solid combustible material.
The standardised pieces of solid combustible material produced by means of the single or double screw extruder employed in the process, come out in the form of continuous solid or perforated rod in various sections at a temperature in the range of 80-1500 C and following cooling, by way of example within a water tank at a temperature of the order of 60 C, the continuous rod of fossible material is cut into an arrangement of automatic cutting to produce the standardised pieces of combustible material.
This combustible material can be used onto fire grids which have been manufactured for the combustion of wood, coal and other solid fuels, without any amendment (fireplaces, stoves, mixed usage central heating burners or mixed usage burners for the production of steam).
Figures 2 and 3 show illustrative shapes of the final products of combustible material.By way of example,Figure 2 shows a rod 7 of cylindrical cross section, which given illustrative dimensions of length 3-5cm and diameter 5 cm is suitable as a briquette for a solid fuel burner. With the
shape depicted in Fig.3, the solid fuel is provided in the form of a solid piece 8 with a hexagonal section, which is perforated and has dimensions of width 15 cm and length 30 cm. In this form the solid fuel of the invention is suitable for burning in a fireplace, whereas the hexagonal shape ensures a substantial economy in storage space. The same hexagonal section can be used to produce solid pieces with illustrative dimensions of width 10 cm and length 15 cm, particularly suitable for burning in solid fuel stoves.
With the abovementioned illustrative composition, the new fuel has the following characteristics:
- It supplies heat of the order of 28 MJ/Kg, i.e.
comparable to the thermal energy of coal.
- It has a uniform shape and thermal performance.
- It is free of coal dust or insects and it does not soot.
- Its hexagonal section facilitates storage.
- It is non hygroscopic and contains a very small percentage of moisture, because of the controlled production process. Notably, the extruder preferably includes an arrangement for ventilation and removal of moisture.
- Because of its non-hygroscopic nature, it is not possible to adulterate the proposed solid fuel, as is the case with wetting of firewood.
The proposed new fuel further has notable characteristics of an environment friendly fuel, the most important of which are the following:
- It constitutes a solution in the energy exploitation of an offensive category of garbage, such as plastics.
- It substitutes wood in combustion in fireplaces and stoves and thereby saves trees.
- It substitutes oil and coal in mixed combustion burners for the production of steam and heating.
- The combustion gases are at least equally "clean" to any other natural fuel.
It must hereby be noted that the description of the invention was made by reference to illustrative examples and it is not confined into these examples. Thus, any change or amendment relating to the sizes, shape, field of applications, materials and accessories used, etc., as long as they do not comprise a new inventive step and do not contribute towards further technical development of the state of the art, must be considered part of the scope and the aims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Solid fuel comprising granules of a mixture of municipal plastic waste (polyolefins, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalic ester, etc.) mixed with wooden materials (saw dust, olive kernel extraction residue,
agricultural cellulosic waste, etc.) and inert materials in any selected proportions, where the said solid fuel is offered in the form of uniform granules.
2. The solid fuel of Claim 1, where the said mixture of municipal plastic waste is used in a proportion of 55X, kernels or other wooden materials are used in a proportion of 405 and inert combustion regulatory materials in a proportion of 5%.
3. The solid fuel of Claim 2, which is extruded and subsequently cut to standard granules and pieces of solid or
perforated rod of a desired section, where the said solid fuel is offered for combustion onto solid fuel fire grids, such as in fireplaces, stoves, solid fuel or mixed usage burners.
4. The solid fuel of claim 3, which is produced in the form of cylindrical solid or perforated rod.
5. The solid fuel of Claim 3, which is produced in the form of hexagonal solid or perforated bar, thereby ensuring minimization of storage space.
6. Method of production of a solid fuel prepared from a mixture of municipal plastic waste with wooden and inert materials, comprising the following stages:
- loading the mixture of plastics;
- grinding the mixture of plastics;
- mixing with wooden and inert materials to produce a
uniform mixture of a desired composition.
7. The method of production of a solid fuel prepared from a mixture of municipal plastic waste with wooden and inert materials of Claim 6, where the said uniform mixture produced comprises a mixture of municipal plastic waste in a proportion of 55%, kernels or other wooden materials in a proportion of 40% and inert combustion regulatory materials in a proportion of 5%.
8. The method of production of a solid fuel prepared from a mixture of municipal plastic waste with wooden and inert materials of Claim 7, further comprising an arrangement for locating and separating PVC articles from the mixture, prior to the eventual grinding.
9. The method of production of a solid fuel prepared from a mixture of municipal plastic waste with wooden and inert materials of Claim 8, where the removed PVC articles either independently or in common with a portion of the other plastic materials contained in the mixture of municipal plastic waste are used for the production of plastic articles (rods or pipes) into suitable plastics machinery.
10. The method of production of a solid fuel prepared from a mixture of municipal plastic waste with wooden and inert materials of Claim 9, where the said uniform mixture of granules consisting 'of plastics, wooden and inert materials is supplied to an extruder wherefrom a continous, solid or perforated rod of various selected shapes and sections is produced, where the said continous rod is subsequently cut into solid fuel pieces of the desired dimensions.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR89100674 | 1989-10-20 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB9017228D0 GB9017228D0 (en) | 1990-09-19 |
| GB2237028A true GB2237028A (en) | 1991-04-24 |
Family
ID=10939509
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9017228A Withdrawn GB2237028A (en) | 1989-10-20 | 1990-08-06 | "Solid fuel from municipal plastic waste" |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| GB (1) | GB2237028A (en) |
| GR (1) | GR1000341B (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0930353A1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 1999-07-21 | Pirelli Ambiente S.p.A. | Solid combustible composition |
| US6582486B1 (en) | 1997-12-30 | 2003-06-24 | Pirelli Ambient S.P.A. | Solid combustible composition |
| US7488358B2 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2009-02-10 | Pirelli Ambiente S.P.A. | Fuel composition which combusts instantaneously, method and plant therefor |
| WO2012156567A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2012-11-22 | Carrera Varela Jose Antonio | Process and apparatus for the production of a solid fuel from combustible wastes |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3947255A (en) * | 1973-01-10 | 1976-03-30 | American Can Company | Method of extruding bark and of forming a solid synthetic fuel |
| WO1979000988A1 (en) * | 1978-04-26 | 1979-11-29 | I Johnston | Fuel pellets |
| JPS5757796A (en) * | 1980-09-25 | 1982-04-07 | Waeidou Kk | Pelletized fuel |
| JPS57187392A (en) * | 1981-05-13 | 1982-11-18 | Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co Ltd | Woodflour-filled plastic fuel |
| EP0262083A1 (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-30 | Bio-Heizstoffwerk Berlin Gmbh | Process for the manufacture of solid fuel. |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3852046A (en) * | 1971-10-22 | 1974-12-03 | H Brown | Method for recycling waste plastics and products thereof |
| DE2511477A1 (en) * | 1975-03-15 | 1976-09-23 | Edmund Brockers | Fuel briquettes from scrap rubber, esp. tyres - by comminuting and mixing with cellulose particles |
| DE3111324A1 (en) * | 1981-03-23 | 1982-11-11 | Rudolf 2448 Neue-Tiefe-Fehmarn Schnicks | Process for producing a solid fuel |
-
1989
- 1989-10-20 GR GR890100674A patent/GR1000341B/en unknown
-
1990
- 1990-08-06 GB GB9017228A patent/GB2237028A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3947255A (en) * | 1973-01-10 | 1976-03-30 | American Can Company | Method of extruding bark and of forming a solid synthetic fuel |
| WO1979000988A1 (en) * | 1978-04-26 | 1979-11-29 | I Johnston | Fuel pellets |
| JPS5757796A (en) * | 1980-09-25 | 1982-04-07 | Waeidou Kk | Pelletized fuel |
| JPS57187392A (en) * | 1981-05-13 | 1982-11-18 | Showa Electric Wire & Cable Co Ltd | Woodflour-filled plastic fuel |
| EP0262083A1 (en) * | 1986-09-02 | 1988-03-30 | Bio-Heizstoffwerk Berlin Gmbh | Process for the manufacture of solid fuel. |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6152974A (en) * | 1997-12-20 | 2000-11-28 | Pirelli Ambiente S.P.A. | Solid combustible composition |
| EP0930353A1 (en) * | 1997-12-30 | 1999-07-21 | Pirelli Ambiente S.p.A. | Solid combustible composition |
| US6582486B1 (en) | 1997-12-30 | 2003-06-24 | Pirelli Ambient S.P.A. | Solid combustible composition |
| US7488358B2 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2009-02-10 | Pirelli Ambiente S.P.A. | Fuel composition which combusts instantaneously, method and plant therefor |
| WO2012156567A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2012-11-22 | Carrera Varela Jose Antonio | Process and apparatus for the production of a solid fuel from combustible wastes |
| EP2995673A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2016-03-16 | Carrera Varela, José Antonio | Solid fuel from combustible wastes and its use |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB9017228D0 (en) | 1990-09-19 |
| GR1000341B (en) | 1992-06-25 |
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