GB2221976A - Protective coatings; armour - Google Patents

Protective coatings; armour Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2221976A
GB2221976A GB8820199A GB8820199A GB2221976A GB 2221976 A GB2221976 A GB 2221976A GB 8820199 A GB8820199 A GB 8820199A GB 8820199 A GB8820199 A GB 8820199A GB 2221976 A GB2221976 A GB 2221976A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
layer
ceramic material
composite
ceramic
metallic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB8820199A
Other versions
GB8820199D0 (en
Inventor
Robert John Minton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lockheed Martin UK Ampthill Ltd
Original Assignee
Hunting Engineering Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hunting Engineering Ltd filed Critical Hunting Engineering Ltd
Priority to GB8820199A priority Critical patent/GB2221976A/en
Publication of GB8820199D0 publication Critical patent/GB8820199D0/en
Publication of GB2221976A publication Critical patent/GB2221976A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H1/00—Personal protection gear
    • F41H1/04—Protection helmets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/14—Layered products comprising a layer of metal next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0414—Layered armour containing ceramic material
    • F41H5/0428—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
    • F41H5/0435—Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics the additional layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/40—Symmetrical or sandwich layers, e.g. ABA, ABCBA, ABCCBA
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/02—Coating on the layer surface on fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/06—Coating on the layer surface on metal layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/02—Composition of the impregnated, bonded or embedded layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2260/00—Layered product comprising an impregnated, embedded, or bonded layer wherein the layer comprises an impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/04—Impregnation, embedding, or binder material
    • B32B2260/046—Synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • B32B2262/0261—Polyamide fibres
    • B32B2262/0269—Aromatic polyamide fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
    • B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
    • B32B2262/106—Carbon fibres, e.g. graphite fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/536—Hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2437/00—Clothing
    • B32B2437/04—Caps, helmets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
    • B32B2571/02—Protective equipment defensive, e.g. armour plates, anti-ballistic clothing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/12—Ships
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/18—Aircraft

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A method of making a protective coating comprises flame or plasma spraying a layer 3 of fused ceramic material onto a composite layer which includes a resin bonded aramid fibre. The ceramic material may be at least one metallic nitride, oxide or carbide. The method may be used in the production of a helmet resistant to small arms fire. A skin 4 of resin bonded fibre provides additional protection. A metallic layer 2 is provided. <IMAGE>

Description

PROTECTIVE MATERIALS AND APPLICATION THEREOF This invention relates to materials and associated techniques for protection against small arms' fire.
The use of armour plate to protect vehicles, equipment and personnel is well known. Generally, it is intended to provide protection against heavier threats and so it is quite successful in protecting against fire from small arms.
However, there are a number of circumstances where the use of armour plate is impractical, the material may be too heavy, the cost of cutting and fabrication may be very high or there may be, and usually are practical limitations on the shape or form of the possible structures.
Where protection only against fire from small calibre weapons is required, it is known to employ fibrous composite material such as a resin bonded aramid fibre of the kind known as "Kevlar" (Registered Trade Nark).
Assemblies may then be readily constructed using moulding techniques, which enable non-planar and complex surfaces to be realised. Furthermore, such techniques enable joints to be avoided in the structure and the best possible use to be made of the enclosed volume. The improved performance of modern weapons and their ready availability makes desirable an improvement in the protection offered by such materials and structures.
According to the invention, an improved structure may be achieved by providing a basic composite structure and applying thereto a layer of ceramic material by a process which includes fusion of the materials, such as flame spraying. The solidification of the material in situ on the structure provides a strong continuous layer which can be built up to the required thickness but which may, with care, be applied to structures or surfaces of any practical form. Weakness in protection may be avoided at corners, joints may be largely eliminated and the process is suitable for modern, automated, robotic or computer aided fabrication techniques.
The effectiveness of the ceramic material in reducing the penetration of projectiles from small arms depends greatly upon its hardness and homogeneity and the strength of its bond to the adjacent layers.
In a practical assembly process, the bonding of a ceramic or like material to a fibre composite base may be improved by the inclusion of an intermediate film of metal or other material and the outer face of the ceramic may be protected from degradation and lesser damage by the application of a further layer of resin-bonded material.
The material of the hard coating may be selected from the range of metallic oxides, nitrides and carbides although selection is not limited to these and they may be used in combination. Useful results at relatively low cost may be achieved by the use of aluminum oxide.
In one aspect of the invention there is provided a sandwich of a hard ceramic material over a main protective layer of a composite material, itself protected externally by a relatively light covering of composite or plastic material which plays no significant part in the protective structure. However, improved protection, performance or ease of manufacture may be achieved when several layers of ceramic like material are disposed to form a multi-layer coating.
The effectiveness of the ceramic material in reducing the penetration of projectiles from small arms depends greatly upon its hardness and homogeneity.
The invention may also be applied to the protection of existing structures such as personal armour, the hollow structure of a boat or the wing and fuselage of an aircraft when a layer of a fibrous composite material either pre-exists or is provided.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 depicts a protective helmet.
Figure 2 illustrates a section through the helmet.
In the helmet shown in Figures 1 and 2, there is an inner base layer 1 moulded from a resin bonded aramid fibre material such as "Kevlar". The layer may be about 15mm thick. The resin bonded layer has an intermediate metallic layer 2. In this embodiment of the invention the metallic layer is provided with a hard aluminium oxide coating 3 which may be for example 4mm thick and which may be deposited by flame or plasma spraying.
Such a technique of application fuses the ceramic material in place. The coating 3 may be covered by a final skin 4 of resin bonded fibre to provide protection against minor damage.

Claims (10)

1. A protective structure which comprises a fibrous composite base layer and a layer of a fused ceramic material.
2. A material according to Claim 1 in which the composite base layer is a resin bonded aramid fibre.
3. A material according to Claim 1 or Claim 2 in which the ceramic material comprises at least one metallic nitride, oxide or carbide.
4. A structure according to any foregoing Claim in which the structure comprises a sandwich of the ceramic material between layers of the fibrous material.
5. A structure according to any foregoing claim in which an intermediate metallic layer is provided between a or the composite layer and a or the ceramic layer.
6. A process for making a protective material, comprising applying by spray coating or the like a layer of a ceramic material to the outer face of a composite layer including a fibrous material, the process being performed at or near the fusion temperature of the ceramic material.
7. A process according to Claim 6 which the composite layer comprises an aramid or carbon fibre.
8. A process according to Claim 5 or Claim 6 in which the ceramic material comprises at least one metallic nitride, oxide or carbide.
9. A process according to any of Claims 6 to 8, in which the composite layer includes a thin metallic intermediate layer between the fibrous material and the ceramic material.
10. A process according to any of claims 6 to 9 further comprising forming the composite layer by moulding the fibrous material.
GB8820199A 1987-09-04 1988-08-25 Protective coatings; armour Withdrawn GB2221976A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8820199A GB2221976A (en) 1987-09-04 1988-08-25 Protective coatings; armour

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8720891 1987-09-04
GB8820199A GB2221976A (en) 1987-09-04 1988-08-25 Protective coatings; armour

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8820199D0 GB8820199D0 (en) 1989-09-20
GB2221976A true GB2221976A (en) 1990-02-21

Family

ID=26292695

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB8820199A Withdrawn GB2221976A (en) 1987-09-04 1988-08-25 Protective coatings; armour

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (1) GB2221976A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996003277A1 (en) * 1994-07-28 1996-02-08 Akzo Nobel N.V. Clothing for protection against stab and bullet wounds
FR2815321A1 (en) * 2000-10-12 2002-04-19 Sillinger S A Armor-plating device for protecting inflatable boat with floats comprises armor plates fixed in juxtaposed fashion on external surface of floats and made of light material resistant to impact of armaments
JP2013508666A (en) * 2009-10-22 2013-03-07 ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッド Helmet with ceramic for protection against high energy debris and rifle bullets

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114368975B (en) * 2021-12-30 2023-04-07 西安超码科技有限公司 Containing alpha-Al 2 O 3 Coated low density C/C-SiC composite crucible

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3729372A (en) * 1971-11-22 1973-04-24 Norton Res Corp Ltd Boron carbide ballistic armor modified with chromium and/or boron
GB1318351A (en) * 1968-05-06 1973-05-31 Norton Co Composite armour
US3859892A (en) * 1966-11-14 1975-01-14 Samuel H Coes Composite ceramic armor
US3863541A (en) * 1972-02-07 1975-02-04 Us Army Beryllium boride armor
GB1397955A (en) * 1972-08-24 1975-06-18 Fulmer Res Inst Ltd Reinforced plastics
GB1577012A (en) * 1973-12-17 1980-10-15 Galt G S Plastics armour
EP0237095A1 (en) * 1986-02-22 1987-09-16 Akzo N.V. Armour plate composite with ceramic impact layer

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3859892A (en) * 1966-11-14 1975-01-14 Samuel H Coes Composite ceramic armor
GB1318351A (en) * 1968-05-06 1973-05-31 Norton Co Composite armour
US3729372A (en) * 1971-11-22 1973-04-24 Norton Res Corp Ltd Boron carbide ballistic armor modified with chromium and/or boron
US3863541A (en) * 1972-02-07 1975-02-04 Us Army Beryllium boride armor
GB1397955A (en) * 1972-08-24 1975-06-18 Fulmer Res Inst Ltd Reinforced plastics
GB1577012A (en) * 1973-12-17 1980-10-15 Galt G S Plastics armour
EP0237095A1 (en) * 1986-02-22 1987-09-16 Akzo N.V. Armour plate composite with ceramic impact layer

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996003277A1 (en) * 1994-07-28 1996-02-08 Akzo Nobel N.V. Clothing for protection against stab and bullet wounds
US5880042A (en) * 1994-07-28 1999-03-09 Akzo Nobel Nv Clothing for protection against stab and bullet wounds
FR2815321A1 (en) * 2000-10-12 2002-04-19 Sillinger S A Armor-plating device for protecting inflatable boat with floats comprises armor plates fixed in juxtaposed fashion on external surface of floats and made of light material resistant to impact of armaments
EP1199248A1 (en) * 2000-10-12 2002-04-24 Sillinger S.A. Armour arrangement for an inflatable boat
US6508193B2 (en) 2000-10-12 2003-01-21 Sillinger Shielding device for protection of floaters of an inflatable boat
JP2013508666A (en) * 2009-10-22 2013-03-07 ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッド Helmet with ceramic for protection against high energy debris and rifle bullets
US8887312B2 (en) 2009-10-22 2014-11-18 Honeywell International, Inc. Helmets comprising ceramic for protection against high energy fragments and rifle bullets
JP2016075471A (en) * 2009-10-22 2016-05-12 ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッド Helmet with ceramic for protection against high energy debris and rifle bullet
JP2018025388A (en) * 2009-10-22 2018-02-15 ハネウェル・インターナショナル・インコーポレーテッドＨｏｎｅｙｗｅｌｌ Ｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｉｎｃ． Helmets comprising ceramic for protection against high energy fragments and rifle bullets

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8820199D0 (en) 1989-09-20

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WAP Application withdrawn, taken to be withdrawn or refused ** after publication under section 16(1)