GB2218012A - Powder spraying apparatus - Google Patents
Powder spraying apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2218012A GB2218012A GB8904248A GB8904248A GB2218012A GB 2218012 A GB2218012 A GB 2218012A GB 8904248 A GB8904248 A GB 8904248A GB 8904248 A GB8904248 A GB 8904248A GB 2218012 A GB2218012 A GB 2218012A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- container
- installation
- spraying apparatus
- carrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 99
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims description 47
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N (2s)-2-[(s)-(2-iodophenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine Chemical compound IC1=CC=CC=C1O[C@@H](C=1C=CC=CC=1)[C@H]1OCCNC1 BHMLFPOTZYRDKA-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000518994 Conta Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims 1
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007786 electrostatic charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010285 flame spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
- B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
- B05B7/1413—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising a container fixed to the discharge device
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
- B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
- B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
- B05B7/1463—Arrangements for supplying particulate material the means for supplying particulate material comprising a gas inlet for pressurising or avoiding depressurisation of a powder container
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
- B05B7/1404—Arrangements for supplying particulate material
- B05B7/1468—Arrangements for supplying particulate material the means for supplying particulate material comprising a recirculation loop
Landscapes
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Description
1 INSTALLATION FOR THERMAL SPRAYING OF POWDERED MATERIALS 2,1_ r''I 8 0 12
The invention relates to an installation for thermal spraying of powdered materials of the type comprising at least one spraying apparatus having a powder container mounted thereon and having a powder/carrier-gas mixing device connected to said powder container.
Spraying apparatuses for thermal spraying, for example for flame-spraying of powdered materials used to produce surface coatings on workpieces, are often fed from a powder container mounted thereon, the powdered material being led by the gravitional force from that powder container into a carrier-gas stream and being transported by the same to the region of the flame of the spraying apparatus. On the other hand, it is also known to supply spraying apparatuses over a relatively long hose from a separate powder container, whereby a carrier-gas stream similarly provides the transportation medium.
It appeared, however, that when feeding a spraying apparatus from a powder container located at a distance, strong irregularities occur in the powder supply, mainly due to the friction of powder particles on the wall of the transport hose, which friction moreover depends on the deformation of the hose. An additional disadvantage is the fact that when switching off the carrier-gas supply, the transport hose is not emptied, 6r that, in case a clearing gas stream is used to empty the hose, a substantial quantity of powder is lost when the spraying installation is shut off.
It is a main object of the invention to provide an installation of the first above mentioned type in which an extremely regular supply of powder to the flame region is obtained, in which no powder losses or operational 2 disturbances due to powder residues occur and which provides manifold application possibilities and specially favorable control conditions.
This is achieved, according to the invention, by providing in such an installation an automatic or man-operated refilling device for refilling the powder container on the spraying apparatus, said refilling device including at least one powder reserve container, a powder transporting device and control means for controlling the operation of the refilling device.
The control means may include a manual on-off switch, arranged on or nearby the spraying apparatus, or it may include at least one level sensor in the powder container on the spraying apparatus which is adapted to be actuated when the powder level in said container reaches a maximum height and/or drops below a minimum height. The transporting device can, in particular, include a pulsed carrier-gas stream controlling device or a variable timeinterval-actuated carrier-gas stream controlling device. Separate carrier-gas supplies are preferably used for the transportation of powder in the refilling device and in the spraying apparatus, respectively. The carrier-gas in the refilling device can be recycled or can be let out into the atmosphere through a filter and/or an automatic valve device. Inside the powder container on the spraying apparatus a sieving device is preferably provided, for example a planar sieve arranged at an angle of approximately 451 with respect to the direction of the powder flow. The powder container on the spraying apparatus can be made of transparent material or be provided with a viewing window.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the refilling device can be provided with a vibration device to facilitate and improve powder transportation. The powder transporting device can comprise a flexible hose having a 1 1 grounded metal jacket.
3 The powder container on the spraying apparatus can be connected with two separate powder supply containers and, on the other hand, a single reserve powder container can be connected with the powder containers of two separate spraying apparatuses.
Further characteristics, features and advantages of the installations of the invention will become apparent from the following description of various embodiments shown in the attached drawings.
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of an installation with manually controlled refilling of the powder container of a spraying apparatus, Fig. 2 shows an installation with automatic refillina of the powder container on the basis of maximal/minimal powder level assessment and, Fig. 3 shows an installation with automatic or manual control of the refilling by means of a pulsed carrier-gas stream.
The arrangement schematically shown in Fig. 1 comprises, for example, a usual flame spray torch 1 which has a powder container 2 mounted thereon and is provided with supply ducts 3,4 for acetylene and oxygen, part of the oxygen being used as carrier-gas for transporting the powder from the container 2 to the outlet 5 of the spraying torch.
The powder container 2 is connected over a hose 6 with a controllable mixing device 7, which mixing device is further connected, on the one hand, with a powder reserve container 8 and, on the other hand, with a carrier-gas 4 supply duct 9 for a carrier-gas T. The outlet of the mixing device 7 is, in this example, controlled over a connection 10 from an on-off switch 11 mounted on the spraying apparatus. For such a manual actuation, the powder container 2 is preferably made of transparent material or is provided with a viewing window, allowing the operator to watch the level of powder in this container and to proceed in time with the refilling from the distantly situated reserve container 8. Fig. 1 further shows schematically an outlet-valve 12 for the carrier-gas which is arranged in the upper part of powder container 2. According to another embodiment, the carrier-gas T is fed back to the reserve container through a duct 21 and thus recycled.
The powder container on the spraying apparatus can have a volume of 0.05 to 10 liters, preferably between 1.5 and 3 liters. The volume of the reserve container 8 is a multiple of this and is preferably comprised between 1 and 20 liters. The connection hose 6 has preferably a diameter of not more than 10 mm. The carrier-gas T for the powder transport from the reserve container 8 can be nitrogen, for example.
Fig. 2 shows schematically an installation in which the powder level in the powder container of the spraying apparatus is controlled by means of sensing devices. In Fig. 2, parts of the installation which are similar to corresponding parts of Fig. 1 have been designated by the same reference numerals. The container 2 comprises two sensors 13,14 for the minimum and the maximum powder level, respectively, these sensors being of a usual type, namely either photo-electric, inductive, capacitive or mechanic sensors. The output signals of these sensors are delivered to processing device 15 and used to control the powder transport by the device 7. The refilling of the powder container 2 thus occurs automatically as soon as the powder level drops to the height defined by the position of sensor 13 and continues until the maximum powder level corresponding to the position of sensor 14 has been reached. Fig. 2 shows a tube 16 surrounding the outlet opening of supply duct 6 in the container 2, which tube is provided with a number of bores for better distribution of the powder. In addition, a sieving device, not shown, can be provided in the container 2, in particular a planar sieve placed at an angle of about 450 with respect to the direction of powder flow in the container, for retaining undesired particles. The carrier-gas is let out from the container 2 through a filter 17 located in the upper part of this container. Furthermore, Fig. 2 shows the use of a grounded metal jacket 18 around the hose 6 to avoid electrostatic charging of the hose by the powder transport.
Fig. 3 shows a further embodiment of the present installation in which similar parts are again designated by the same reference numerals as previously. The powder container 2 has, in this example, only one sensor 13 for the minimum. powder level. When this minimum level is reached, a signal is delivered to the processing device 15 which controls a control device 19 for a carrier-gas T 1 Thereby one or more carrier-gas pulses of a predetermined duration are released which correspond to the necessary refilling of container 2. According to an alternative embodiment, the carrier-gas pulses can also be triggered manually by actuating switch 11 and their duration can be determined by means of an adjustable timeinterval control device.
The spraying apparatus of Fig. 3 is provided with a separate carrier-gas supply 20, allowing to use either the same carrier-gas T 1 as supplied over supply duct 9 or another carrier-gas T 2 for the spraying apparatus.
The shown embodiments describe merely specific examples while it is obvious for anyone skilled in the art that the mentioned parts of the installation can also be combined in other ways. All embodiments have in common the advantage of 6 an extremely regular powder supply to the spraying apparatus. This is achieved, in particular, by preventing the powder level in the powder container on the spraying apparatus to drop below a predetermined minimum level. Furthermore, the present installation allows a continuous working without the interruption normally necessary to exchange the powder container. The spraying process itself is not influenced by the supply from a distantly arranged reserve container, but the inconveniences mentioned at the beginning, when cutting off the spraying apparatus in the usual installations, are avoided. The possibilities of application of such an installation are substantially increased as, either with manual or automatic operation, the distance of the working place from the reserve container is to a large extent indifferent. Furthermore, the working with a plurality of spraying apparatuses fed from a common reserve container or the feeding of a single spraying apparatus from a plurality of reserve containers is possible without any difficulties.
z i 11 7 B-5502 US
Claims (19)
1. An installation for thermal spraying of powdered material, comprising at least one spraying apparatus, a powder -container mounted on said spraying apparatus, said powder container having a powder inlet and a powder outlet, said outlet being connected with a powder/carrier-gas mixing device of said spraying apparatus, and further comprising an automatic or man-operated refilling device for refilling said powder container, said refilling device including at least one powder reserve container, a powder transporting device arranged between said powder reserve container and said powder inlet of the powder container on the spraying apparatus, and control means for controlling the operation of said refilling device.
2. An installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said control means include a manual on-off switch arranged on or nearby the spraying apparatus.
3. An installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said control means include at least one level sensor in said powder container on the spraying apparatus, adapted to be actuated when the powder level in said container reaches a maximum height and/or drops below a minimum height.
4. An installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said powder transporting device is adapted for powder transportation by means of a carrier-gas stream.
5. An installation as claimed in claim 4, wherein said powder transporting device includes a pulsed carrier-gas stream controlling device.
6. An installation as claimed in claim 4, wherein said powder transporting device includes a variable 8 time-interval actuated carrier-gas stream controlling device.
7. An installation as claimed in claim 4, wherein said mixing device of the spraying apparatus is connected to a first carrier-gas supply for transportation of the powder from the powder container on the spraying apparatus to the outlet of the spraying apparatus, said powder transporting device between said powder reserve container and said powder container on the spraying apparatus being fed from a second carrier-gas supply.
8. An installation as claimed in claim 7, wherein said first carrier-gas is oxygen and said second carrier-gas is nitrogen.
9. An installation as claimed in claim 4, wherein a carrier-gas duct is arranged between the powder container on the spraying apparatus and the powder reserve container for recycling the carrier-gas.
10. An installation as claimed in claim 4, wherein said powder conta iner on the spraying apparatus has a carrier-gas outlet opening provided with a filter for powder particles.
11. An installation as claimed in claim 4, wherein said powder container on the spraying apparatus has a carrier-gas outlet opening provided with an automatic valve device.
12. An installation as claimed in claim 4, wherein said powder container on the spraying apparatus has a sieving device for separating undesired particles.
13. An installation as claimed in claim 12, wherein a planar sieve is arranged between said powder inlet and powder outlet of the powder container on the spraying -1 1 apparatus, at an angle of approximately 45' with respect to the direction of the powder flow in said container.
14. An installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said powder container on the spraying apparatus is made of transparent material, or is provided with a viewing window.
15. An installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said powder reserve container, said powder transporting device -he spraying apparatus are and/or said powder container on 11 provided with a vibration device for powder transportation.
16. An installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein said powder transporting device comprises a flexible hose having a grounded metal jacket.
17. An installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the powder container on the spraying apparatus is connected with two separate powder reserve containers.
18. An installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the powder reserve container is connected with the powder containers of two separate spraying apparatuses.
19. An installation for thermal spraying of powdered material substantially as described herein with reference to or as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
1 Published 1989 atThe Patent office, State House. 6671 Hig',t Hoirjcrn, LcndonF CiR4TP.Further copies maybe obtained from The Patent Office. Wes Branch, St Mary Cray, Orpington, Kent BR5 3RD. Printed by Multiplex techniques ltd, St Mary Cray, Kent, Con. 1/87
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH716/88A CH674951A5 (en) | 1988-02-26 | 1988-02-26 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB8904248D0 GB8904248D0 (en) | 1989-04-12 |
| GB2218012A true GB2218012A (en) | 1989-11-08 |
| GB2218012B GB2218012B (en) | 1991-09-25 |
Family
ID=4193504
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB8904248A Expired - Fee Related GB2218012B (en) | 1988-02-26 | 1989-02-24 | Installation for thermal spraying of powdered materials |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH674951A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3905236A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2627709B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2218012B (en) |
| IT (1) | IT8947686A0 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5571323A (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 1996-11-05 | Nylok Fastener Corporation | Powder spray apparatus for the manufacture of coated fasteners |
| US8028651B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2011-10-04 | Durr Systems, Inc. | Dosing system for a coating plant |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4121455C2 (en) * | 1991-06-28 | 1994-10-27 | Wagner Int | Device for feeding powder coating devices with a powder-air mixture |
| AT399899B (en) * | 1992-02-17 | 1995-08-25 | Burian Gmbh & Co Kg | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MONOLITHICALLY APPLYING AN INSULATION AND / OR FIRE PROTECTIVE MEASUREMENT TO A SURFACE |
| DE4224886C2 (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1994-08-04 | Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt | Surface coating device |
| DE4239496A1 (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1994-05-26 | Gema Volstatic Ag St Gallen | Electrostatic powder spray coating appts. - uses powder delivery container as powder supply and recovers excess sprayed powder |
| DE4300832A1 (en) * | 1993-01-14 | 1994-07-21 | Gema Volstatic Ag St Gallen | Powder spray coater |
| DE19913448A1 (en) * | 1999-03-25 | 2000-09-28 | Itw Gema Ag | Powder container level probe device |
| DE19937425A1 (en) * | 1999-08-07 | 2001-03-15 | Eisenmann Lacktechnik Kg | Painting device for powder coating |
| AU2003283896A1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2004-06-07 | Advanced Flow Control Afc Ab | System for spraying a fluid material |
| RU2271874C1 (en) * | 2004-08-05 | 2006-03-20 | Ираклий Аврамович Мерициди | Fine solid material spraying device |
| DE102007030266B4 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2016-03-10 | Gottlob Thumm Maschinenbau Gmbh | Powder coating apparatus |
| CN107583778A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-01-16 | 北新集团建材股份有限公司 | A kind of automatic spray apparatus |
| DE102016114335B4 (en) | 2016-08-03 | 2019-04-18 | Gottlob Thumm Gmbh | Powder coating apparatus |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1046865A (en) * | 1962-08-25 | 1966-10-26 | Siemens Ag | A plasma spray gun device |
| GB1175015A (en) * | 1967-09-13 | 1969-12-23 | Metco Inc | Flame Spray Gun |
| GB2035524A (en) * | 1978-11-24 | 1980-06-18 | Coal Ind | Flame spraying refractory material |
| GB2100145A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1982-12-22 | Ts K Bjuro Leninskaya Kuznitsa | Apparatus for detonation coating |
| GB2103959A (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1983-03-02 | Coal Ind | Repairing refractory substrates |
| GB2173715A (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1986-10-22 | Coal Ind | Ceramic welding machine |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5547942B2 (en) * | 1971-09-15 | 1980-12-03 | ||
| US3724755A (en) * | 1971-09-27 | 1973-04-03 | Allis Chalmers | Powder-air venturi for electrostatic spray coating system |
| BE790902A (en) * | 1971-11-15 | 1973-05-03 | Zachry Co H B | METHOD AND APPLICATION FOR APPLYING A PULVERULENT COATING MATERIAL ON A PART |
| CH640157A5 (en) * | 1981-04-01 | 1983-12-30 | Castolin Sa | DEVICE FOR DISPENSING POWDERED MATERIALS FOR A THERMAL SPRAYING SYSTEM. |
| FR2543675B1 (en) * | 1983-03-28 | 1987-02-27 | Sfec | POWDER DISPENSER, ESPECIALLY FOR HOT SPRAY GUN |
| DE8429648U1 (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1984-11-22 | Castolin Gmbh, 6239 Kriftel | Powder container for flame spray guns in particular |
| US4730647A (en) * | 1986-12-08 | 1988-03-15 | Nordson Corporation | Powder feeder apparatus |
-
1988
- 1988-02-26 CH CH716/88A patent/CH674951A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1989
- 1989-02-21 DE DE3905236A patent/DE3905236A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-02-24 GB GB8904248A patent/GB2218012B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-02-24 IT IT8947686A patent/IT8947686A0/en unknown
- 1989-02-24 FR FR8902393A patent/FR2627709B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1046865A (en) * | 1962-08-25 | 1966-10-26 | Siemens Ag | A plasma spray gun device |
| GB1175015A (en) * | 1967-09-13 | 1969-12-23 | Metco Inc | Flame Spray Gun |
| GB2035524A (en) * | 1978-11-24 | 1980-06-18 | Coal Ind | Flame spraying refractory material |
| GB2100145A (en) * | 1981-06-16 | 1982-12-22 | Ts K Bjuro Leninskaya Kuznitsa | Apparatus for detonation coating |
| GB2103959A (en) * | 1981-08-11 | 1983-03-02 | Coal Ind | Repairing refractory substrates |
| GB2173715A (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1986-10-22 | Coal Ind | Ceramic welding machine |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5571323A (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 1996-11-05 | Nylok Fastener Corporation | Powder spray apparatus for the manufacture of coated fasteners |
| KR100310359B1 (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 2002-04-06 | 샤론 케이.이스톤 | Powder spraying device |
| US8028651B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 | 2011-10-04 | Durr Systems, Inc. | Dosing system for a coating plant |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3905236A1 (en) | 1989-10-05 |
| GB8904248D0 (en) | 1989-04-12 |
| FR2627709B1 (en) | 1994-03-11 |
| FR2627709A1 (en) | 1989-09-01 |
| GB2218012B (en) | 1991-09-25 |
| CH674951A5 (en) | 1990-08-15 |
| IT8947686A0 (en) | 1989-02-24 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19940224 |